Preliminary Planning Research Articles

Complex reconstructions in the facial and cranial regions

Posttraumatic reconstruction of the neurocranium and viscerocranium is an essential part of modern oral and maxillofacial surgery, in addition to oncological surgery, surgery of congenital craniofacial deformities and dental surgery. Due to the complex anatomy of the facial skull and significant esthetic and functional demands on its reconstruction, reconstructive trauma surgery in this area places the highest demands on the surgeon. This is all the more true if definitive craniomaxillofacial surgical treatment can sometimes only be performed with considerable delays for the benefit of other life-threatening injuries. In order to take these prerequisites into account, achievements of modern biomedical technology, such as intraoperative real-time navigation, computer-assisted planning and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of patient-specific biomodels and implants, came up early for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. In combination with intraoperative three-dimensional imaging, these methods result in atreatment pathway tailored to the individual patient, which is directly checked for quality at every step and thus ensures the best possible result for the patient. The use of these technologies extends far beyond the original indications in the area of orbital reconstruction and restoration of bony defects with simple geometry, such as skull defects. Nowadays, even the most complex pan-facial fractures can be restored esthetically and functionally by means of digitalized preliminary planning and individualized skull, orbital and zygomatic implants as well as total temporomandibular joint prostheses.

Comparative assessment of alternative water supply contributions across five data-scarce cities

ABSTRACT Alternative water sources offer opportunities to contribute to the water supply to meet non-potable urban demand, closing water supply–demand gaps. Detailed assessments of these schemes are often data intensive, which can be a barrier in resource-scarce locations. A data-light approach is proposed and applied to assess the potential contribution of alternative water sources in five cities in the Global South, and to identify barriers preventing their widespread uptake. These barriers include perception, space, cost, home ownership and capacity constraints. This approach is applicable elsewhere, supporting assessment for city water planners/managers for preliminary planning to promote discussion on alternative sources to water security.

Assessment Instrument Development for a Chronological Thinking Skills with the Rasch Model

Chronological thinking skills are one of the most critical goals in learning history, distinguishing it from other sciences. This skill is not a natural skill that already exists in students but is a skill that needs to be developed in students, especially in studying history. This study aims to develop an instrument for assessing chronological thinking skills with the Rasch model. The development model adopted the Gall Borg development model by adjusting to the research objectives and needs. The adaptation of the Borg Gall model resulted in four stages in this study: (1) needs analysis and preliminary investigation, (2) planning and preparation of product development, (3) expert validation, and (4) instrument implementation. This research was conducted in Senior High School (SMA), involving 120 students from three schools. Sampling was carried out employing the proportional sampling technique. The data was collected using validation sheets, tests, and assessment sheets (scoring rubric). Data analysis was then performed with the Quest Program utilizing the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The results showed that the chronological thinking skills assessment instrument with the Rasch model was valid and reliable. The validity value of items that fit the model ranged from 0.77 to 1.30, and the instrument reliability value of 0.76 was in the high category. Therefore, it could be concluded that the assessment instrument developed can measure students' chronological thinking skills.

Promoting students’ tolerance awareness in the context of peace education through Wayang Golek

Tolerance awareness is one of important aspect to realizing peace education that train students to avoid of using violence. This study aims to represent the results of the tolerance awareness training guide using “wayang golek” as a media to realize peace education by using indigenous heritage that has been tested for acceptability standards. Research and development model used in this study which has been modified according to the needs and deficiency of researchers in the field, so that it consists of six stages: preliminary study, planning, product making, product testing, product revision, and final product. The assessment that used in this study was adjusted to "Standards for Evaluation of Educational Programs, Projects, and Materials by the joint committee" which involves two experts in the field of guidance and counseling as well as practitioners in the field. The result shows that the guide of tolerance awareness training using “wayang golek” as a media fulfilling the acceptability standards. Recommendation for further researchers to test the effectiveness of the product using experimental method.

Intelligent data-driven approach for enhancing preliminary resource planning in industrial construction

Industrial construction is often fast-tracked, with engineering and construction phases progressing simultaneously. In contrast to projects where detailed engineering information is available prior to construction, fast-tracked projects rely on the subjective experience of practitioners to derive preliminary resource plans—often resulting in plans that fail to reflect true project design. Here, a data-driven approach for predicting module classes and preliminary resource requirements from historical resource data of similar modules is proposed. The approach deploys semi-supervised machine learning to categorize construction modules at a micro-level based on key design elements extracted from low level-of-detail 3D models. Using historical data, the approach summarizes resource requirements for each module class, thereby connecting preliminary 3D models to historical resource requirements and enhancing preliminary resource planning in the absence of detailed design information. Notably, the method can incorporate updated design information as it becomes available, ensuring that outputs of the approach remain up-to-date.

Development of guidelines for fitness training based on local wisdom of the Malind Tribe to victims of drug abuse

Drug abuse is a social problem with a very wide negative impact and in its recovery it needs several solutions. The emphasis of the discussion in this study is the fact in the field that it shows the pattern of implementation of physical and health guidance so far it has only been an unstructured, measurable, and comprehensive implementation. The research is aimed at developing fitness training guidelines and healthy lifestyles based on local wisdom for victims of drug use that are feasible and effective, which will be provided to victims of drug use in the border communities of Indonesia-Papua New Guinea, Merauke Papua. The method used in this research is the Research and Development method, it is chosen as a method for producing certain products and testing the effectiveness of the products to be developed, namely guidelines for fitness training and healthy lifestyles based on local wisdom for drug use victims. The steps of data collection techniques in this research are preliminary study, planning, initial draft, draft trial, small and large scale data, final product, and effectiveness test (Cooper test-12 minutes). The population in this study amounts to 20 people consisting of officers/practitioners in indigenous communities/villages and victims of drug abuse in the Indonesian-Papua New Guinea Border Community, Merauke Papua. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis and descriptive analysis. The results of the study show the feasibility and effectiveness of developing guidelines for fitness training and healthy living patterns based on local wisdom that can be used for drug use victims in the border communities of RI-PNG Merauke Papua.

Обеспечение безопасности труда при ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, связанных c обрушением зданий

The problem of ensuring occupational safety during emergency rescue operations in the event of a collapse of buildings and structures is considered. Based on the statistics of accidents in the recent years provided by the National Center for Crisis Management of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the relevance of this topic is determined. For reducing the likelihood of injuries and fatality, it is important to clearly plan, distribute and secure technical means and people at the work sites in the time-limited conditions. To solve this problem, it is proposed to apply the improved methodology for determining the forces and means required for debris handling and rescuing victims in the event of a collapse of buildings and structures. The methodology allows calculating the number of mechanized groups, links of manual disassembly and emergency rescue tools required for carrying out work on debris handling and rescuing victims under the specified meteorological conditions using the input parameters. The output parameters of the calculation according to this methodology are the number of heavy equipment and rescuers with the indication of the amount of work performed in accordance with the level of professional skills. A software implementation of this methodology is proposed, developed for quick determination of the required forces and means for debris handling, which can also be used for preliminary planning of emergency rescue operations and filling in the sections of the use of forces and means in the technical and information-reference documentation of the objects. Application of the recommended developments in practice will allow to reduce the risk of injury and fatality during emergency response associated with the collapse of buildings.

International research priorities on the role of cognition in power mobility device use: In pursuit of informed clinical practices and knowledge translation

ABSTRACT Cognition is an important factor affecting power mobility device (PMD) use. However, a gap in knowledge on the role of cognition in PMD use limits evidence of best practices for screening, assessment and training. The overall goal of this research activity was to identify strategic research priorities to delineate the next steps in research. Following the Collaborative Prioritized Planning Process (CP3), a 1.5-day meeting was held with an interdisciplinary and international team of assistive technology users, clinicians, service providers, and researchers with expertise in PMD use and cognition. Our four-stage process included: knowledge synthesis; identification and prioritization of challenges; identification, consolidation, and prioritization of solutions; and action planning. Five of 14 challenges for research on cognition and PMD use were prioritized, and five solutions (of the 100 generated) perceived to be the most impactful were selected as the focus for the remainder of the meeting. The resulting prioritized solutions included, improving knowledge translation of existing and new evidence, profiling and addressing individualized needs, creating and evaluating training tools, development of practice guidelines, and validating and developing evaluation tools or toolkit. Preliminary action planning facilitated discussion of potential future projects, initiated new research collaborations and partnerships, and provided a foundation to build a program of research for investigating the role of cognition in PMD use.

The University M\xfcnster model surgery system for orthognathic surgery - The digital update

AimThe aim of this work is to present a digital methodology of a conventional articulator based planning protocol.MethodsThe digital counterpart consists of intra-oral scans (3Shape) and a free available 3D mesh software (Meshmixer, Autodesk). The maxillary position in relation to the reference plane used and the arbitrary hinge axis were determined mathematically from landmarks on cephalometric x-rays and frontal photographs. Distances and angles were calculated to virtually mount the digital jaws in Meshmixer’s wold frame. Virtual planning is done by cloning and moving the jaws according to the preliminary surgery plan. The spatial movements of the jaws are measured by attached reference points.ResultsThis digital approach eliminate the need for articulator hardware and laboratory plaster work. It enables all planning scenarios as they are also possible with conventional plaster-based procedures. The method is time-saving, practical and cost-effective. Standard dimensions of articulators and face-bows have been incorporated in the implementation. This reduction of individual patient values puts the accuracy of the presented method within the range of conventional model surgery.ConclusionArbitrary planning will continue to have its place in orthognathic surgery, especially when digital methods can improve the overall process. The method presented can be seen as a cost-effective alternative for patients who do not require technically complex planning.

A Case on Fracture of Os Penis and Partial Penectomy in a Raccoon

The os penis is a unique structure existing in some placental mammals, however it predisposes the organ to fracture. Partial penectomy is an incomplete penile amputation which is carried out when the transection site needed. In this report, a clinical case of partial penectomy in a raccoon was described. A 20-month-old, male albino raccoon (Procyon lotor) was referred to University Veterinary Hospital in Universiti Putra Malaysia with the penile prolapse. Preliminary therapeutic plan included prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotic and anti-inflammatory. Partial penectomy was arranged in this case. Postoperative treatment prescribed were fluoroquinolone antibiotic and analgesics. The prognosis was good due to minimal complication. The clinical symptoms on fracture of os penis, complications of partial penectomy, and options for treatment on fracture of os penis were discussed in this report. Castration can be an alternative preventive method to prevent trauma related to the fracture of masturbation os penis.

Born-Digital Logistics: Impacts of 3D Recording on Archaeological Workflow, Training, and Interpretation

Abstract Digital technologies have been at the heart of fieldwork at the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) since its beginning in 2014. All data on this excavation are born-digital, from textual, photographic, and videographic descriptions of contexts and objects in a database and excavation journals to 2D plans and profiles as well as 3D volumetric recording of contexts. The integration of structure from motion (SfM) modeling and its various products has had an especially strong impact on how project participants interact with the archaeological record during and after excavation. While this technology opens up many new possibilities for data recording, analysis, and presentation, it can also present challenges when the requirements of the recording system come into conflict with an archaeologist’s training and experience. Here, we consider the benefits and costs of KAP’s volumetric recording system. We explore the ways that recording protocols for image-based modeling change how archaeologists see and manage excavation areas and how the products of this recording system are revolutionizing our interaction with the (digital) archaeological record. We also share some preliminary plans for how we intend to expand this work in the future.

Coronavirus Risk Assessment and Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Workplaces During Normalization Process

The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has unprecedented effects worldwide and the extent of infection, illness, and fatalities have forced governments to take more stringent measures. This study aims to identify the risk factors to stop the spread of the virus, develop preliminary plans, and determine applicable measures in workplaces, in summary, to determine new normals in workplaces in the context of the Corona virus challange, utilizing lessons learned from the past pandemics. The United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sources, and Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were reviewed comprehensively to identify transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors. “Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, Confirm (ARECC)”, an industrial hygiene decision making method, was used to manage the risk of pathogens in workplaces and hierarchy of hazard control method by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was implemented to determine measures. This study identifies hazards, assesses risks, and suggests control measures in changing pandemic conditions with a systematic approach, and presents the suitable ways minimizing the risk to prevent new waves for the pandemics.

MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY IN WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

We represent results of the 20 women survey, who gave birth to children with congenital malformations of the fetus. It was found that pregnancy and delivery in these women are with complications. Presented a general scheme of women with congenital malformations of the fetus. An important positive aspect of this scheme is that the newborn passes to neonatologists and other specialists with established diagnosis, investigation and preliminary plan of treatment that is refined and adjusted in the dynamics.

Shifting From Sectoral to Integrated Surveillance by Changing Collaborative Practices: Application to West Nile Virus Surveillance in a Small Island State of the Caribbean.

After spreading in the Americas, West Nile virus was detected in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) for the first time in 2002. Ever since, several organizations have conducted research, serological surveys, and surveillance activities to detect the virus in horses, birds, mosquitoes, and humans. Organizations often carried them out independently, leading to knowledge gaps within the current virus' situation. Nearly 20 years after the first evidence of West Nile virus in the archipelago, it has not yet been isolated, its impact on human and animal populations is unknown, and its local epidemiological cycle is still poorly understood. Within the framework of a pilot project started in Guadeloupe in 2019, West Nile virus was chosen as a federative model to apply the “One Health” approach for zoonotic epidemiological surveillance and shift from a sectorial to an integrated surveillance system. Human, animal, and environmental health actors involved in both research and surveillance were considered. Semi-directed interviews and a Social Network Analysis were carried out to learn about the surveillance network structure and actors, analyze information flows, and identify communication challenges. An information system was developed to fill major gaps: users' needs and main functionalities were defined through a participatory process where actors also tested and validated the tool. Additionally, all actors shared their data, which were digitized, cataloged, and centralized, to be analyzed later. An R Shiny server was integrated into the information system, allowing an accessible and dynamic display of data showcasing all of the partners' information. Finally, a series of virtual workshops were organized among actors to discuss preliminary results and plan the next steps to improve West Nile Virus and vector-borne or emerging zoonosis surveillance. The actors are willing to build a more resilient and cooperative network in Guadeloupe with improved relevance, efficiency, and effectiveness of their work.

Dance Learning Strategy Using a Web-Based Course for Blended Learning

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the dance education process in Indonesia. Teachers of dance are required to be more innovative in designing learning so that the expected learning objectives can be achieved especially skill-based learning. Malang regional dance is a practical subject in the dance and music study program at the university level. It requires an online learning strategy since it was previously always taught face-to-face. The purpose of this research was to develop a dance learning strategy, especially for the Malang regional dance subject, based on blended learning that is used by students of the dance and music education study program. The blended learning model used is the web course model, in which learners and educators are completely separate and face-to-face is not required. All teaching materials, discussions, consultations, assignments and exams are entirely conducted via the internet. This research can be categorized as research and development (R&D). The steps conducted were preliminary research, planning, developing media or production, and media evaluation. The web course model developed for the Malang regional dance course includes 3 stages: (1) seeking information about the learning objectives and directing students to search and collect references about Malang regional dance online; (2) acquisition of information about Malang regional dances that can be studied by students so that students are able to communicate again; and (3) synthesizing knowledge evaluating the material presented in the second stage.
 Keywords: learning strategies, blended learning, web courses, dance

Research on the Key Points of Procurement Preliminary planning of EPC Project

Research on the Key Points of Procurement Preliminary planning of EPC Project

Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

Predicting groundwater rise in historical centres of Eastern Siberian cities

The purpose of the research work is to develop a procedure for on-line prediction of the groundwater hydrodynamic mode change caused by the barrage effect of deep foundation structure construction. The main method used is the development of an analytical model as a result of variant solutions of the Laplace equation. The solutions have been elaborated in the course of studies conducted in historical centers of Irkutsk and other cities of Eastern Siberia. As a result, diagrams predicting the formation depth of groundwater level have been created, and the territories have been assessed according to their flooding conditions. An analytical model has been developed for backwater prediction. The model is rather simple, universal and can be applied for predictive calculations on the territories of historical cities located in similar geological and hydrogeological conditions. The available material analyzed, it is concluded that preliminary vertical planning of the territory, correct approach to foundation type selection as well as seasonal rise of underground water play a significant role in the formation of a new headwater elevation.

Basin futures, a novel cloud-based system for preliminary river basin modelling and planning

Water resources are under growing pressure globally. Sustainable water management requires an understanding of how much water is available, where it is stored and used, and how future developments may impact availability. Understanding this requires investment in data, models, and experts. These investments are labour intensive, with considerable effort spent in three main areas: collecting and transforming data; building, calibrating, running and maintaining models; and developing required reports and visualisations. We present Basin Futures, a cloud-based product developed to lower this initial effort by providing pre-integrated data; a template model structure that makes some simplifying assumptions for speed; easy setup of new scenarios; a scalable data processing and simulation architecture; and delivery through a web browser. The case studies and results presented show the product is quick to learn, fast in execution, and provides an easy way to explore water resource development scenarios for river basin management and planning.

Energy hub-based optimal planning for integrated energy systems considering part-load characteristics and synergistic effect of equipment

Integrated energy systems (IESs) represent a promising energy supply model within the energy internet. However, multi-energy flow coupling in the optimal configuration of IES results in a series of simplifications in the preliminary planning, affecting the cost, efficiency, and environmental performance of IES. A novel optimal planning method that considers the part-load characteristics and spatio-temporal synergistic effects of IES components is proposed to enable a rational design of the structure and size of IES. An extended energy hub model is introduced based on the “node of energy hub” concept by decomposing the IES into different types of energy equipment. Subsequently, a planning method is applied as a two-level optimization framework—the upper level is used to identify the type and size of the component, while the bottom level is used to optimize the operation strategy based on a typical day analysis method. The planning problem is solved using a two-stage evolutionary algorithm, combing the multiple-mutations adaptive genetic algorithm with an interior point optimization solver, to minimize the lifetime cost of the IES. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed planning method is demonstrated using a case study. The life cycle costs of the IES with and without consideration of the part-load characteristics of the components were $4.26 million and $4.15 million, respectively, in the case study. Moreover, ignoring the variation in component characteristics in the design stage resulted in an additional 11.57% expenditure due to an energy efficiency reduction under the off-design conditions.