Preliminary Outline Research Articles

MANAGING RECRUITMENT AND DATA COLLECTION: ONLINE FOCUS GROUPS BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS SCAMMERS

Common methods to collect data include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches. Although it is common to complete data collection in-person, the onset of COVID-19 has resulted in the increased use of online modalities. Qualitative research is commonly gathered through individual or focus group interviews. However, best practices outlining strategies when conducting online focus groups and approaches to address issues specific to online research (i.e., scammers) are limited. Due to the growing use of data collection through such means, it is imperative to draw out specific strategies that could regulate data quality and reduce the chances of scamming. The current article addresses this practical gap by providing a synthesis of the available literature on online focus groups that document best practices and suggestions to deal with scammers which is currently missing from the literature. The goal was to provide initial suggestions to improve data quality of online focus groups by examining the available literature that outlines best practices, addresses the issues of scammers, and to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of identified literature The article is organized beginning with a review of the literature. The research is then synthesized including an outline of best practices and strategies to address scammers when engaging in online focus groups. The article closes with a discussion of the significance of the review, limitations, and article summary. Scammers are prevalent in online spaces. Although this article provides a preliminary outline of suggestions from the literature, more research is necessary that provides specific examples of how challenges have been addressed and the impact of including the recommended strategies on the research process and outcomes.

Polish Street Namesakes. General Characteristics and Preliminary Outline for Analysing Urban Space Names

The article addresses the issue of commemorative street names as carriers of memory and signs of national identity. The overall collection of Polish streets, gathered in the TERYT database of the Central Statistical Office, is taken into consideration. The specificity of commemorative names and the essence of commemoration as a social phenomenon are discussed. The article presents a list of the 100 most common street namesakes in Poland, along with their most general characteristics (typology of namesakes) linked to numerical data. The final section sketchily outlines the research potential based on such a database, focused on unveiling significantaspects of Polish culture and value patterns.

How Community Health Workers can Address Tobacco Dependence of High-Risk patients: A Qualitative Analysis of the Unique Training Needs of Community Health Workers.

Communities with low socioeconomic status have disproportionately high rates of tobacco use, and community health workers (CHWs) have an increasing role in delivering tobacco cessation interventions. However, existing tobacco cessation trainings are not appropriate for the CHW model of care. The aim of this study was to identify training needs of CHWs to develop a tailored tobacco cessation curriculum to help them effectively serve their high-risk patients. Incorporating results of a previously conducted needs assessment survey, we developed a preliminary outline of a tobacco cessation training curriculum that was specific to the CHW experience. Participants (N = 14) discussed their impressions of (a) the training content, (b) the unique needs of patients seen by CHWs, and (c) tailoring to the CHW care model. We conducted virtual qualitative interviews and focus groups with stakeholders (i.e., managers/directors of CHW programs) and CHWs, respectively, to obtain feedback on training, as well as a sample 2-hour training schedule and curriculum. Two independent coders analyzed the data using the Framework method. Two overarching themes emerged: the need for strategies to (a) personalize treatment to each high-risk patient and (b) increase and maintain patient motivation. CHWs also reported the need for specific language to engage patients who were not ready to quit. A tailored training might focus on motivational interviewing, including how to personalize treatment to the patient's experiences, and role-playing scenarios with scenes on how to flexibly support patients who are overburdened and unmotivated.

Karstic Aquifers and Climate Refugia: A Preliminary Outline History of Water-Management Strategy in Bronze and Iron Age Southeast Arabia

Karstic Aquifers and Climate Refugia: A Preliminary Outline History of Water-Management Strategy in Bronze and Iron Age Southeast Arabia

Several dozen times more words: A preliminary outline of the development of Esperanto lexicographical publications in Poland

The article gives an insight into Esperanto lexicography in the territories of Poland – from the first Vortaro por Poloj (1887) by Ludwik Lazarus Zamenhof, through other compilations, including Antoni Grabowski’s Słownik języka esperanto [Esperanto Dictionary] (1910 and 1916) and Tadeusz Józef Michalski’s Słownik esperancko-polski [EsperantoPolish Dictionary] (1959), to Edward Kozyra’s enlarged edition of Esperanto-English-Polish, English-Esperanto and Polish-Esperanto dictionary (2020). It shows how the general concept of traditional Esperanto dictionary has changed as well as that, although the development of Esperanto vocabulary has been inevitable and natural, there are more features of a good Esperanto lexicographical publication than its length, including short grammar instructions which facilitate the formation of new terms, the clarity of individual entries as well as derivatives, and the consistency of Esperanto dictionaries published in Poland with dictionaries issued in other countries.

An Examination of the Core Values in Fifth Grade Mathematics Textbooks

A textbook is of a proper medium for conveying curricular values to students. The aim of this study is to examine how math textbooks reflect the core values stated in the curriculum. Selected by homogeneous sampling technique, the data sources of this qualitative study consisted of two (one official and one private) fifth-grade math textbooks. All elements (e.g., text, visuals, exercises, questions) in the textbooks were analyzed through content analysis technique, employing the core values as a preliminary outline. Findings revealed that the both textbooks included all the core values in the curriculum with varying frequencies across values. The most frequently reflected values were patriotism and responsibility while the least was honesty. The values of friendship, patience, justice, love, helpfulness, and respect were represented in moderate frequencies in both textbooks. The frequencies of representations regarding values were mostly parallel in official and private publications. Teachers must play a complementary role for the underrepresented values during teaching.

Preliminary Outline of the Chosen Examples of Secondary Literature Exploring Possible Affinities as Regards the Approach to Image-Language Relationship in the Theories of Wittgenstein and Lacan

Preliminary Outline of the Chosen Examples of Secondary Literature Exploring Possible Affinities as Regards the Approach to Image-Language Relationship in the Theories of Wittgenstein and Lacan

The Current State and Development of Research on China-South Korea Cooperation Under the 30<SUP>th</SUP> Anniversary of the Establishment of China-South Korea Diplomatic Relations - Based on the Visual Analysis of CSSCI Journal Documents-

The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of China-South Korea Diplomatic Relations . Over the past three decades, China-South Korea relations have witnessed rapid development and fruitful exchanges and cooperation in various fields, which have not only brought tangible benefits to both sides but also made positive contributions to regional and world peace and stability. Now, standing at a new starting point, how to push China-South Korea relations to a new level has become a topic of close attention on both sides. Therefore, on the basis of nearly 30 years of research, scholars of China and South Korea put forward a new path and new model for the sustained and stable development of China-South Korea relations and cooperation.<BR> In this paper, 191 china-South Korea cooperative research papers published on CSSCI journals in the Database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were selected as samples, and literature measurement and content analysiswere used for research and analysis. Based on the preliminary outline of the annual distribution of literature samples, the distribution of major journals, the distribution of authors and their institutions, the paper uses CiteSpace software to sort out the hot topics and the evolution trend of China-South Korea cooperation research. The analysis results show that, on the whole, there are many researches on China-South Korea relations, China-South Korea FTA and The Korean Peninsula issue in Chinese academic circles, with increasing academic attention. However, the research strength is relatively scattered, and a mature and stable cooperation network and academic community has not yet been formed. The researches mainly focus on economic cooperation, and lack cooperation in other fields, as well as cooperation risks and coping strategies. In other words, complex risks and systemic risks in international cooperation are not paid enough attention, which also restricts the further research. The majority of research methods are qualitative research, and the big data analysis with integration of multidisciplinary research methods still needs to be improved.

A Bridge Life Insurance for Households—Diagnosis and Motives

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the initial concept of household bridging insurance. Design/methodology/approach: In the first part of the article, an extensive literature review is made. This is made to show the research gap of insufficient protection of households against destabilization resulting from the lost personal contribution. Data shown in the text present the scale of the loss of lost unpaid work (based on household time budgets). The existing methods of managing this loss, based on social insurance, are also shown. Findings: This paper discusses the possibility of creating a new insurance. Its need is indicated (research gap, the scale of the problem, and insufficient protection by the social insurance system) and a preliminary outline of its structure is indicated (annuities character, dynamic sum insured related to the lifecycle of the household). The article contains the theoretical background of the new product, and introduces further research on the use of multistate models in the construction and calculation of insurance premiums. Originality/value: So far, studies concerning, inter alia, personal damage indicate the lost personal contribution (unpaid work for household members) and even try to evaluate it. However, no private insurance has been proposed to mitigate the destabilization resulting from the death of an adult household member. The article therefore proposes a new life insurance (a separated policy or as an extension option) that would help the household to return to normal operation after the death of one of the household members.

Preliminary Outline of the Chosen Examples of Secondary Literature Exploring Possible Affinities as Regards the Approach to Image-Language Relationship in the Theories of Wittgenstein and Lacan

Preliminary Outline of the Chosen Examples of Secondary Literature Exploring Possible Affinities as Regards the Approach to Image-Language Relationship in the Theories of Wittgenstein and Lacan

Building Classification Algorithm Based on Improved Hough Transform and Geographic Information System

Although determining the type of building can be useful for 3D reconstruction, image retrieval, and other applications, it is often difficult to do so automatically. A building classification algorithm using a geographic information system (GIS) is proposed in this paper. The typical adjustment of building polygon, local convex-concave simplification of large-area polygon contour, and local exaggeration of competing polygon groups merging in small-area polygon is the main topics of this paper. The preliminary outline area is obtained by analyzing the corner characteristics of two basic types of buildings in urban buildings using a large-scale morphological screen. The classification statistics of all kinds of corners are carried out using the improved Hough transform and the proposed line segment and corner optimization algorithm, and the automatic classification of flat-roofed and nonflat-roofed buildings photographed by digital cameras is realized. The experimental results show that the algorithm simplifies the polygons in a reasonable way while maintaining the block shape. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm proposed in this paper effectively eliminates the influence of false contours, allowing for high-accuracy building type judgment.

A Preliminary Outline of the Statistical Inference Process in Genetic Association Studies

The genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful experimental design that is applied to detect disease susceptible genetic variants. The main goal of these studies is to provide a better understanding of the biology of disease, which further facilitates prevention or better treatment. A statistical inferential process is finally carried out in this study, where an association is usually observed between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and the traits in a case-control setting. To detect the disease responsible loci correctly, the investigation of the statistical association should be carefully conducted along with the other necessary steps. This research provides an introductory guideline for conducting such statistical association tests for these studies using SNP genotype data.

The topography of Hermione—A preliminary outline

The preliminary results of a survey of ancient Hermione (epichoric Hermion) are presented in this paper. The survey was conducted during three short campaigns over the period 2015–2017, and focused on the urban layout and development of the ancient city. Because the ancient city area more or less coincides with modern Ermioni, the investigation was mainly restricted to the documentation and analysis of architectural remains that were both still visible above ground and accessible. However, the report also includes a thorough re-evaluation of previous scholarship, taking into consideration remains that are no longer visible. The author identifies three questions of particular interest, relating to the exact location, extent, and potential relocation of the ancient city, and points to the lack of a coherent interpretation. On the basis of present data, the author proposes that Hermione was indeed relocated to a new site, less than 1 km away from its original position, in the early 3rd century BC, and highlights the urban, social, and religious consequences of such an event. However, pending further evidence, the suggested scenario remains a hypothesis.

Objectivity for the research worker

In the last decade, many problematic cases of scientific conduct have been diagnosed; some of which involve outright fraud (e.g., Stapel, 2012) others are more subtle (e.g., supposed evidence of extrasensory perception; Bem, 2011). These and similar problems can be interpreted as caused by lack of scientific objectivity. The current philosophical theories of objectivity do not provide scientists with conceptualizations that can be effectively put into practice in remedying these issues. We propose a novel way of thinking about objectivity for individual scientists; a negative and dynamic approach.We provide a philosophical conceptualization of objectivity that is informed by empirical research. In particular, it is our intention to take the first steps in providing an empirically and methodologically informed inventory of factors that impair the scientific practice. The inventory will be compiled into a negative conceptualization (i.e., what is not objective), which could in principle be used by individual scientists to assess (deviations from) objectivity of scientific practice. We propose a preliminary outline of a usable and testable instrument for indicating the objectivity of scientific practice.

Imagining Infrastructure in Urban Jamaica

This article presents a preliminary outline of what an infrastructural humanities might involve. We ask how the established body of work in the geohumanities, including literary geography and related fields, might incorporate the infrastructural turn that has been emerging in geography and anthropology. Studying literary and cultural imaginings of infrastructure, we suggest, extends considerations of spatiality by emphasizing how spatial connections and disconnections are constructed through material and technological means. In seeking to demonstrate the potential of attending to the imagination of infrastructure, we focus our analysis on one specific case: the infrastructure of gullies in Kingston, Jamaica. Kingston’s gullies—an extensive system of open drains meant to quickly channel rainwater to the city’s harbor—occupy an important if largely unexamined space in the Jamaican capital’s urban imaginary. In this article, we read the gully not just as a specific spatial imaginary, but as a form of infrastructure. How are Kingston’s gullies imagined in Jamaican popular music, literature, and visual culture? How do these forms of cultural production convey and evoke infrastructure’s aesthetic and affective dimensions? How do writers, musicians, and filmmakers engage with infrastructure both to assess urban dis/connections, and to reimagine these relations otherwise? We address these questions across a range of cultural texts to illustrate how a direct engagement with infrastructure might extend work on spatiality by highlighting the cultural politics of materiality and technology.

The Always Instituted Economy and the Disembedded Market: Polanyi’s Dual Critique of Market Capitalism

Polanyi’s concept of “embeddedness” has been the subject of debate. Various authors have argued that it reveals a contradiction. They contend that Polanyi states that all economies are always embedded, while simultaneously maintaining that the modern market economy is exceptional because it is disembedded. Others claim that there is no contradiction in Polanyi’s thought but that he is merely describing a contradiction of the market economy. In this text, I argue that both sides fail to discern two different concepts: “institutedness” and “embeddedness.” “Institutedness” denotes the idea that economic behavior is always dependent on and the result of certain forms of social organization. In turn, the distinction between embeddedness and disembeddedness is inspired by the Aristotelian distinction between natural and unnatural economic behavior. This distinction refers to the finality of economic behavior: is it directed at the thriving of an ethical community or is it instead directed at wealth acquisition as an end in itself? I argue that both institutedness and (dis)embeddedness fulfill a crucial, though different, role in Polanyi’s critique of market capitalism. I conclude by giving a preliminary outline of what could be the implications for a (neo-)Polanyian political economy of my analysis.

Writing A Research Paper: A Guide

INTRODUCTION&#x0D; A research paper is a part of academic writing where there is a gathering of information from different sources. It is multistep process. Selection of title is the most important part of research writing. The title which is interesting should be chosen for the research purpose. All the related information is gathered and the title for research is synthesized. After thorough understanding and developing the title, the preliminary outline is made which maintains the logical path for its exploration. After preliminary research, proper research work is started with collection of previous resources which is then organized and important points are noted. Then research paper is written by referring to outlines, notes, articles, journals and books. The research paper should be well structured containing core parts like introduction, material and methods, results and disscussion and important additional parts like title, abstract, references.

Vía negativa (daño e injusticia)

En los últimos decenios diversos autores han ido acudiendo a la noción de una vía negativa para referirse al lugar que las experiencias y los procesos de negatividad tienen en la conformación de los sistemas normativos. En términos usuales, esa negatividad se define como injusticia y la sugerencia, entonces, es que existiría una primacía, o bien genética o bien hermenéutica, de esas percepciones y experiencias de injusticia sobre las nociones y sistemas normativos en los que se definen y plasman qué sea la justicia. Se tratará aquí de establecer un primer esbozo de un mapa teórico en el que se ubica la intuición de la primacía de lo negativo a la hora de comprender las dimensiones éticas, políticas y jurídicas de los procesos y de los sistemas sociales. A la vista de las distintas propuestas que cabe subsumir bajo esta rúbrica, y a veces corrigiéndolas, se argumentará que la vía negativa es un recurso hermenéutico al que acuden las reconstrucciones teóricas tanto como los agentes sociales mismos para la comprensión de los procesos de génesis de ideas prácticas y de normas, de sus quiebras, resistencias y reformulaciones y al que se acude también para articular programas o propuestas puedan formularse como justos y aceptables. En términos más descriptivos, la vía negativa fijaría su atención en los procesos de denuncia, resistencia u oposición a un régimen normativo dado, bien sea en formas de revolución o de acción colectiva reformadora, bien sea como expresión de acciones individuales de disidencia y de desobediencia.

Metacognitive Labeling of Contentious Claims: Facts, Opinions, and Conspiracy Theories.

Congenial information is often judged to be more valid than uncongenial (but otherwise equivalent) information. The present research explores a related possibility concerning the process by which people label a claim as fundamentally factual (open to proof or disproof) or opinion (a matter of personal preference not amenable to falsification). Rather than merely being more skeptical of uncongenial claims, uncongenial claims may be metacognitively categorized as more opinion than factual, while congenial claims may be more likely to be categorized as factual. The two studies reported here attempt to trace a preliminary outline of how claims are categorized as fact, opinion, or some mix of the two in the context of mundane claims, contentious political issues, and conspiracy theories. The findings suggest that claims are more likely to be labeled factual (and, to a lesser extent, are less likely to be labeled opinion) to the extent that one subjectively agrees with the content of the claim. Conspiracy theories appear to occupy a middle-ground between fact and opinion. This metacognitive approach may help shed light on popular debate about conspiracy theories, as well as seemingly intractable political disagreements more generally, which may reflect fundamental differences in the perceived epistemic foundations of claims rather than simple disagreement over the facts of the matter. Given limitations of the stimuli and participant samples, however, it remains to be seen how generalizable these findings are.

Rigorous Evidence and Reasoning or Not? A Demonstration of Iron Corrosion to Induce Students’ Critical Thinking

Evidence-based reasoning and critical thinking are two crucial scientific abilities of students, sharing a close relationship with each other—critical thinking is not just randomly refuting but a logical-reasoning thinking based on solid evidence. However, in real teaching circumstances of experiment classes, students easily directly accept the conclusions they have been given, without critical thinking and full comprehension of the relationship between experimental evidence and the resulting conclusions. In this work, a demonstration experiment of iron corrosion was developed. More than teaching the knowledge of specific chemical reactions in the case, the experiment was designed for the further purpose of stimulating students’ critical thinking. During implementation, instead of showing the well-designed experiment scheme directly, the teacher first showed the preliminary outline and then revealed the process of revising the outline gradually to become the final rigorous scheme. In each step, students were asked to seek evidence and flaws in the reasoning process that appeared in the experiment, as the basis for subsequent revisions. After three revisions, teachers and students agreed that the evidence and reasoning process of the scheme were sufficiently rigorous. The performance of the students during the class showed that the students’ attitude toward the demonstration experiment has changed from passive acceptance to active reflection and questioning. The feedback from students after class showed that students’ awareness of evidence-based reasoning and critical thinking has been enhanced.