1. Contained communities in tropical Africa Graham Connah 2. Palisaded settlements in prehistoric Eastern North America George R. Milner 3. To wall or not to wall: evidence from Medieval Germany James D. Tracy 4. Medieval walled space: urban development vs. defence Kathryn L. Reyerson 5. A world without walls: city and town in colonial Spanish America Richard L. Kagan 6. The fortifications of Epaminondas and the rise of the monumental Greek city Frederick A. Cooper 7. Imperial walled cities in the West and their early medieval Nachleben Bernard S. Bachrach 8. Delhi walled: changing boundaries Catherine B. Asher 9. Walled cities in Islamic North Africa and Egypt (with particular reference to the Fatamids, 909-1171) Jonathan Bloom 10. Ottoman military architecture in the early gunpowder era: a reassessment Simon Pepper 11. Walled towns during the French wars of religion, 1560-1630 Michael Wolfe 12. Portuguese urban fortifications in Morocco: borrowing, adaptation, and innovation along a military frontier Martin M. Elbl 13. The artillery fortress as an engine of European overseas expansion, 1480-1750 Geoffrey Parker 14. Representations of Chinese walled cities in the pictorial and graphic arts Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt 15. The hierarchy of Ming city walls Edward L. Farmer 16. Decoration of city walls in Medieval Islam: the epigraphic message Sheila S. Blair 17. Medieval French representations of city and other walls Wolfgang G. van Emden 18. Siege law, siege ritual, and the symbolism of city walls in Renaissance Europe Simon Pepper 19. Representations of the city in siege views of the seventeenth century: the war of military images and their production Martha Pollak.