Women In Third Trimester Of Pregnancy Research Articles

Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Determinants of Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Effect of Dzikir (Religious Chanting) Therapy on The Anxiety Level of Third-Trimester Pregnant Women Facing Labor

ABSTRACT Anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy is often related to impending labor and childbirth. In Indonesia, 28.7% of pregnant women in the third trimester experienced anxiety. The negative impact of anxiety during pregnancy includes the risk of miscarriage and fetal abnormalities. Non-pharmacological therapies based on Islam, such as dzikir (religious chanting) therapy, have been developed. To determine the effect of dzikir (religious chanting) therapy on the anxiety level of third-trimester pregnant women facing labor in the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Primary Health Care in the year 2023. This research was quantitative in design and employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest and posttest design. The population of this study consisted of third-trimester pregnant women in the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Primary Health Care in July. The total was 35 people, with 30 people as the sample. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Moreover, the data analysis involved univariate and bivariate analyses with the Wilcoxon test.The results of this r esearch showed that the average anxiety level of third-trimester pregnant women facing labor before undergoing dzikir (religious chanting) therapy was 21.4, and after undergoing dzikir (religious chanting) therapy, it decreased to 10.7. Bivariate analysis revealed that there was an effect of dzikir (religious chanting) therapy on the anxiety level of third-trimester pregnant women facing labor, with a p-value of 0.000. An effect of dzikir (religious chanting) therapy on the anxiety level of third-trimester pregnant women facing labor in the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Primary Health Care in the year 2023. Keywords: Anxiety, The Dzikir (Religious Chanting) Therapy, Pregnant Women

Isolation of serum-derived placental/amnio-chorionic extracellular vesicles across pregnancy by immunoaffinity using PLAP and HLA-G.

Circulating extracellular vesicles of placental/amniochorionic origin carry placental/amniochorionic proteins and nucleic acids with the potential to facilitate non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy-related disorders. The study reports an improvised method for the enriched isolation of extracellular vesicles of placental/amniochorionic origin using the two markers, PLAP and HLA-G. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted from the cells into extracellular space and body fluids. They are considered 'fingerprints of parent cells', which can reflect their physiological and functional states. During pregnancy, EVs are produced by the syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts and are released into the maternal bloodstream. In the present study, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)-specific extracellular vesicles were isolated from maternal serum-derived EVs (SDE) across pregnancy. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the isolated EVs exhibited a spherical morphology with ~30-150 nm size range. Nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated that the concentration of PLAP+ serum-derived EVs (PLAP+-SDE) increased across the gestation. PLAP+-SDE contained DNA with LINE1 promoter methylation pattern. C19 miRNA cluster miRNAs (miR 515-5p, 519e and 520f) were present in PLAP+-SDE along with other miRNAs (miR-133-3p, miR210-3p and miR-223-3p). PLAP+-SDE confirmed the presence of EV markers (CD63 and CD9), along with placental proteins (PLAP and cullin 7). A modified novel strategy to extract an enriched population of circulating placental/amniochorionic EVs was devised employing an additional marker of extravillous trophoblasts, human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), along with PLAP. The isolated pooled placental/amniochorionic (PLAP+&HLA-G+) serum-derived EVs (PP-SDE) showed ~two-fold increased protein levels of HLA-G in the third-trimester pregnant women compared to the non-pregnant controls. Future studies will be focused on validation of this novel strategy to isolate an enriched population of placental/amniochorionic EVs to facilitate a better understanding of placental physiology and pathophysiology.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Kencur Warm Water Soaking with Salt Warm Water Against Leg Edema of Third Trimester Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Rawang Health Center, Indonesia

Leg edema is a common complaint in third trimester pregnant women. It is believed that soaking in kencur warm water and salt warm water can help overcome this. Comparing the effectiveness of soaking in warm kencur water with warm salt water on leg edema in third trimester pregnant women. Quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. A total of 60 third trimester pregnant women were divided into two groups: the kencur warm water immersion group (n=30) and the salt warm water immersion group (n=30). The intervention was carried out for 15 minutes, twice a day for 3 days. Leg edema was measured using a measuring tape before and after the intervention. There was a significant reduction in leg edema in both groups after intervention (p<0.05). The reduction in leg edema in the kencur warm water immersion group was greater than in the salt warm water immersion group (p<0.05). Kencur warm water soaks are more effective than salt warm water soaks in reducing leg edema in third-trimester pregnant women.

Knowledge Overview of Thirdtrimester Pregnant Women and Women in Labor about the Rebozo Technique

One of the efforts that can be made to reduce pain, prolonged labor (congestion) and prepare the mother for childbirth is through the rebozo technique. The rebozo technique is a non-pharmacological method without the use of drugs to help reduce pain during labor. Objective: To determine the knowledge of third-trimester pregnant women and women giving birth regarding the Rebozo technique. Method: The method used in this research is descriptive method. The researcher's research sampling technique used a total sampling technique. This research was conducted on 12 – 19 May 2023, the sample size was 35 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Results: This research used univariate analysis using frequency distribution to provide an overview of the respondents characteristics. Respondents knowledge about the definition of rebozo was 26 (74.3%) respondents had poor knowledge, 29 (82.9%) respondents had moderate knowledge about the benefits of rebozo, 30 (85.7%) respondents had poor knowledge about the rebozo technique, and 29 respondents had poor knowledge about rebozo contraindications ( 82.9%) respondents had moderate knowledge. Then regarding respondents' general knowledge regarding rebozo, 28 (80%) respondents had poor knowledge. Conclusions: Description of the knowledge of third-trimester pregnant women and women giving birth regarding the Rebozo technique at PMB Utin Mulia Pontianak in 2023. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents, namely 28 (80%) respondents, have poor knowledge. The existence of research on rebozo can be used as evaluation material and input for every health care provider as well as further increasing information and learning about rebozo in hospitals, health centers or in private or private clinics.

The Effect of Endorphin Massage on Reducing Anxiety in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women in Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia

Anxiety is an emotion commonly experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third-trimester. Anxiety can disrupt the physical and mental health of pregnant women and can have a negative impact on fetal development. Endorphin massage is a therapy that can be used to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effect of endorphin massage in reducing anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women in Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This research uses a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The research sample consisted of 60 third-trimester pregnant women who were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group (30 people) and the control group (30 people). The treatment group received endorphin massage therapy for 30 minutes 10 times, while the control group received no therapy. Anxiety data was measured using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant difference in anxiety between the treatment group and the control group after receiving therapy (p < 0.05). Anxiety in the treatment group decreased significantly after receiving therapy, while anxiety in the control group did not change. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that endorphin massage is effective in reducing anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women.

Circulating sex hormones in women with severe anxiety during pregnancy

Introduction. Anxiety, mood- and stress-related behaviors are regulated by sex hormones in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Very scarce information exists about the role of sex steroids in pregnant women displaying high levels of anxiety. Objective. To determine sex hormones serum levels in pregnant women exhibiting high levels of anxiety symptoms. Method. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS/ HAM-A) was used to assess the intensity of anxiety symptoms in third-trimester pregnant women. Two groups were included in the study, pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety (ANX; HARS scores ≥ 25; n = 101) and healthy control subjects (CTRL; n = 40) displaying lower scores for anxiety (HARS scores ≤ 7). Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) serum levels were measured using a standard chemiluminescent immunoassay. Bivariate and partial correlations were performed to detect significant associations between groups, clinical measures, biochemical data, and HARS scores. Results. The anxiety group (ANX) showed an increase in E2 and T serum levels (p () .001) compared to CTRL. Conversely, significantly lower P4 levels were found in the symptomatic group (p () .001) as compared to the CTRL hormone values. The P4:E2 index was significantly reduced in pregnant women with high levels of anxiety (p () .001). Negative correlations between anxiety (HARS) scores, P4 serum levels (p = .02), and P4:E2 ratio (p = .04) were found in the symptomatic group. Conversely, T serum levels displayed a positive association (p = .001) with high levels of anxiety symptoms in the same group, after adjusting our data by clinical confounders. Discussion and conclusion. Serum levels of sex-steroid hormones are altered in pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety.

The Effect of Ginger Compress on Back Pain in Pregnant Women in the Work Area of X Health Center, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia

Back pain is one of the disorders often experienced by pregnant women. The research results show that the prevalence of back pain in pregnant women in Indonesia reaches 60-80%. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to treat back pain in pregnant women is a ginger compress. This study aims to determine the effect of ginger compresses on back pain in third-trimester pregnant women in the working area of X Health Center, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The research population was pregnant women in the third trimester who experienced back pain. The sample size was 60 people, who were divided into two groups, namely the intervention group (30 people) and the control group (30 people). The intervention group was given a ginger compress for 15 minutes, 3 times a day, for 3 days. The control group was given warm water compresses for 15 minutes, 3 times a day, for 3 days. The results of the study showed that the average value of back pain in the intervention group before the intervention was 4.68 (moderate pain scale) and after the intervention was 2.91 (mild pain scale). The average value of back pain in the control group before the intervention was 4.75 (moderate pain scale), and after the intervention, it was 3.88 (moderate pain scale). The Wilcoxon test showed that ginger compresses reduced back pain in third-trimester pregnant women (p=0.000). The conclusion of this study is that ginger compresses have an effect on reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Effectiveness of Counseling in Increasing Mothers' Behavior (Knowledge and Attitudes) Regarding Post-Placental IUD Selection to Realize the SDG Goals of Good Health and Well-Being

Background: The low coverage of post-placenta IUDs is due to the non-optimal family planning counseling for third-trimester pregnant women. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of ABPK and SKB counseling in increasing mothers' knowledge and attitudes about choosing a post-placenta IUD at Tawangrejo Health Center, Madiun City. Methods: This type of research is quasi quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. Data were analyzed using Marginal Homogeneity, Mann-Whitney, Mc Nemar, and Chi-Square. Results: The results showed that the Marginal Homogeneity test in the experimental group (SKB) obtained an increase in knowledge with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) and the control group (ABPK) obtained an increase in knowledge with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) so that it can be interpreted both effective in increasing the mother's knowledge about the selection of the Post Placenta IUD at the Tawangrejo Health Center. The result of the McNemar test on the attitude of the ABPK group was 0.227 (> 0.05) and the attitude of the SKB group was 0.146 (> 0.05) so it can be interpreted that both were not effective in increasing the attitude of mothers about the selection of the Post Placenta IUD at the Tawangrejo Health Center. The results of the Mann-Whitney test on knowledge after ABPK with knowledge after LCS show a p-value of 0.02 the mean rank at ABPK is 23 and the mean rank SKB is 28 meaning that there is a difference between ABPK counseling and SKB counseling in improving mothers' attitudes about choosing the Post Placenta IUD and counseling SKB is more effective. Conclusion: The conclusion of SKB counseling is more effective in increasing the mother's knowledge about the selection of the Post Placenta IUD at the Tawangrejo Health Center. Suggestions to further improve SKB counseling in Post Placenta IUD family planning services.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTENATAL HYPNOTHERAPY ON ANXIETY IN FACING THE CHILDBIRTH PROCESS

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still around 305 per 100,000 Live Births, which has not yet reached the set target of 183 per 100,000 LB in 2024. One of the causes of this high rate is attributed to the anxiety experienced during pregnancy, reaching 373,000 cases. Antenatal hypnotherapy is an effort aimed at reducing maternal anxiety with the goal of preparing for a normal pregnancy and facilitating the labor process. Hypnotherapy in Antenatal care focuses on providing comfort to mothers by inducing deep relaxation. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antenatal hypnotherapy in reducing anxiety during the labor process at PMB Pera Medan. The research employed a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental Design (pseudo-experiment). The study utilized a One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test design. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women at PMB Pera Medan, totaling 61 pregnant women, with a sample size of 16 selected through purposive sampling. The research findings indicate that the average anxiety level among third-trimester pregnant women at the Independent Practice of Midwife Pera Medan before receiving antenatal hypnotherapy was 30.1875 (moderate anxiety), which decreased to 13.8750 (mild anxiety) after receiving antenatal hypnotherapy. There is a significant influence of antenatal hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety during labor at PMB Pera Medan with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it is advisable to continue antenatal hypnotherapy classes for pregnant women during each ANC visit and at home to reduce anxiety, thereby facilitating a normal labor process.

Nutrient density of Bangladeshi foods and its application in planning diet for pregnant women.

Nutrient profiling is a method that classifies foods based on their nutrient content and identifies foods that are high in micronutrients both across and within food groups. This study aimed to identify foods that are rich sources of the seven micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin A, and vitamin B12) of public health concern for the Bangladeshi population.. This study developed a metric termed "naturally nutrient-rich score 7 (NNR7)" specifically for third-trimester pregnant women to identify nutrient-dense foods. Further, it computed the nutrient adequacy score (NAS) of the top NNR7-scored foods for seven micronutrients to assess the extent (percent) to which foods can meet pregnant women's recommended dietary allowances (RDA). A linear programming technique was then used to construct a nutrient-adequate model diet for third-trimester pregnant women using the top ten NNR7-scored foods. According to the NNR7, food groups such as leafy vegetables, fish, meat, poultry and eggs, and vegetables are the richest sources of the problem micronutrients. Mutton liver (916.7%), soybean (39.3%), lamb liver (2160%) and duck liver (50.0%) were found to fulfill the highest percentage of the RDA of vitamin A, zinc, vitamin B12, and iron, respectively. In the formulated nutrient-adequate diets for pregnant women, rice, potato, brown wheat flour, and soya oil were universal to all three diets and Bengal gram, orange, Ganges River sprat, and duck liver were the most common ones. The study findings highlight the need for the consumption of foods such as leafy vegetables, fish, meat, poultry, eggs, pulses and vegetables to increase the intake of problematic micronutrients. Planning a nutrient-adequate diet for pregnant women using linear programming can be an alternative approach to optimize and shape food choices to meet their nutritional requirements.

EVALUATION OF LIPID AND THYROID STATUS IN PREGNANCY AND ITS EFFECT ON NEONATAL OUTCOME

Objective: Maternal nutritional status is essential for the achievement of maternal and fetal growth. Blood lipid concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and high birth weight. As blood lipids are not routinely measured during pregnancy, there is limited information on what is considered normal during pregnancy. In early pregnancy, there is an increase in fat buildup associated with increased fat concentration in blood, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein in plasma increased significantly during pregnancy. This study was aimed at the analysis of lipid profile and thyroid profile in second- and third-trimester pregnant women, with the incidence of hypertension and their possible effect on neonatal outcome. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the Beri Maternity Hospital, Amritsar, and were analyzed for biochemical investigation, namely lipid profile and thyroid profile. Results: The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL have been significantly increased in third-trimester pregnant women as compared to second-trimester pregnant women. However, the level of HDL diminished in the third trimester as compared to the second trimester. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased in third-trimester pregnant women. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of maternal lipid metabolism in preventing pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes as human gestation is associated with an “atherogenic” lipid profile which could act as a potential risk factor for pre-eclampsia and endothelial cell dysfunction if further enhanced than the normal limits. Increased blood lipid concentrations during pregnancy are altered by maternal body mass index. This study will help in understanding baseline lipid parameters in the second and third trimesters among pregnant women. Excessive dietary nutrition intake and inadequate physical activity during pregnancy may be important contributors of dyslipidemia which can lead to complications.

Efektifitas Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) Persiapan Persalinan Untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Mengahadapi Persalinan

Introduction: third-trimester pregnant women at the Karangdoro Health Center in Semarang experience anxiety in facing labour. Stress due to anxiety about facing labour impacts the length of the labour process and the welfare of the fetus. Providing CIE can increase mothers' knowledge and reduce the appearance of psychosocial factors such as ignorance and lack of attention from health workers, which have a negative impact, so that pregnant women are better prepared and anxiety in facing childbirth can be minimized. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of CIE preparation for delivery to reduce anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women facing labour. Method: This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental type of research and a one-group pretest-post-test design. Population: all third-trimester pregnant women at the Karangdoro Health Center Semarangfrom June to July 2023 with 62 respondents. Sample: The sampling technique used accidental sampling and obtained a total sample of 54 respondents. Results: The results of the study were that Communication Information Educational (CIE) for childbirth preparation was effective in reducing anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women facing labour with a value of 0.00 (<0.005), where every single delivery of CIE for childbirth preparation can make third-trimester pregnant women potentially 6,280 times more likely to experience a decrease in the level of anxiety in facing childbirth (Z = 6,280). Of the 54 respondents, 52 (96.3%) experienced a decrease in their level of anxiety, there were no (0%) respondents who experienced an increase in their level of anxiety, and there were 2 (3.7%) respondents with a constant level of anxiety.

PREVALENCE OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AND ITS EFFECT ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME

Oligohydramnios is a pregnancy condition characterized by low volume of amniotic fluid. Based on ultrasound measurement, it is defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤ 5cm and associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. To study the prevalence of oligohydramnios and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome in third trimester (≥ 28 weeks) of pregnant women admitted at AL-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital in the period of study from 1st January to 31st December 2020. This study is a prospective descriptive study was performed at AL-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department among 100 pregnant women in third trimester diagnosed as oligohydramnios by ultrasound (AFI≤ 5cm). The results were analyzed by using the statistical package social software (SPSS), version 25. The study showed the prevalence of oligohydramnios during study period was (1.5%), and the mean age of the affected women was 27.72 ± 6.8 years. The half of the cases were in age group between 20-29 years (50%) and the gestational age were between 37-40 weeks (50%), and slightly more than half of the women were nulliparous (58%). The rate of caesarean section was (56%), and the most indication for cesarean section was fetal distress (42.9%). The fetal complications showed in this study were low birth weight (40%), preterm birth (27%) and meconium aspiration (11%). The Apgar score <7 in 5th minutes was (17%) of the newborns and the rate of perinatal mortality was (7%). The prevalence of oligohydramnios in this study was (1.5%) which is within the normal limit worldwide. The study showed that the oligohydramnios in a pregnant woman has many complications for the fetus as well as the mother, but it more dangerous for the fetus. For mother there is increase intervention in the form of induction of labor and cesarean delivery. An early detection of oligohydramnios, identification of the risk factors and its management may help in reduction of these complications.

Lavender And Lemon Aromatherapy Against Anxiety III Trimester Pregnant Women Facing Labor

Management of anxiety can be done pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically, non-pharmacologically, one of which is aromatherapy. This study aims to determine the Comparison of Lavender and Lemon Aromatherapy to the Anxiety of Trimester Pregnant Women Facing Childbirth. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with the design of a method of two groups, pre and post-test without control. In a sample of 22 respondents, the sampling technique is quota sampling. The research instrument used Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) sheets—data analysis using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, the lavender and lemon aromatherapy group showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). The results of the Mann-Whitney test analysis found that lavender aromatherapy was more effective than lemon, with a p-value of 0.672. It can be concluded that there is no significant comparison of lavender and lemon aromatherapy to the anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester facing childbirth. Third-trimester pregnant women facing labour who experience anxiety can use lavender and lemon aromatherapy to reduce stress.

Detection of Aerobic Vaginitis and Antibiogram of its Implicating Bacteria among Women with Suspected Cases of Vaginitis in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, Ahmadu Bello Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria-Nigeria

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a condition caused by aerobic bacteria, posing significant risks to women's health, particularly during pregnancy. Misdiagnosis and treatment challenges stem from widespread multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to diagnose aerobic vaginitis (AV) and assess antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the implicated bacteria in vaginitis among women attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 100 high vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collected and subjected to bacterial isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing using cultural and biochemical methods, and the agar disc diffusion method, respectively. Results indicated 23% positivity for AV, with the highest prevalence observed in the 41-50 age group (50.0%) and the lowest in the 21-30 age group (7.3%), revealing a significant association between age and AV (p<0.05). While third-trimester pregnant women displayed a higher AV rate (32.0%) than those in their second trimester (0%), no significant association was found between gestational periods and AV (p>0.05). Symptomatically, painful intercourse correlated with a 28.0% AV rate, while vaginal itching showed an 18.5% rate, though lacking a symptom-AV relationship (p>0.05). Notably, condom use during sexual intercourse exhibited a higher AV rate (63.6%) than non-users (18.0%). AV prevalence was notably higher among women with a history of miscarriage (62.5%) compared to those without (15.5%), showing a significant association between risk factors and AV (p<0.05). Klebsiella species (47.8%) and Escherichia coli (30.4%) were the primary AV-associated bacteria, with Klebsiella spp. showing high resistance to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin (100%). These findings underscore the importance of accurate AV diagnosis to avert adverse outcomes like miscarriage and postpartum complications and highlight the need to reconsider Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin usage in AV treatment.

Prenatal Attachment Relationship with Pregnant Women’s Compliance in Carrying Out Antenatal Care Visits

Yogyakarta's 2022 health profile shows that MMR in 2021 is 580.34 from 2757 live births. Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that 2017 K4 coverage nationally was 74.1%. This figure shows that mothers who receive the first visit do not continue the ANC according to the minimum standard of four visits. Antenatal care visits are an effort to reduce maternal and infant mortality. High maternal prenatal attachment is believed to be able to make a close emotional connection and encourage mothers to do positive things to improve their health. This study analyzed the relationship between prenatal attachment and pregnant women's compliance in the third-trimester antenatal care visit at Puskesmas Kasihan 1. The method used in this study is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 45 third-trimester pregnant women with uses purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using the Chi-Square Test. Chi-Square Test results obtain a p-value of 0.003 <0.05. This means that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and the compliance of pregnant women with carrying out antenatal care. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and antenatal care compliance in pregnant women. A high level of prenatal attachment between mother and baby will affect the mother's compliance with antenatal care visits. The results of this study are expected to provide additional information to pregnant women about the importance of prenatal attachment in dealing with pregnancy.

Effect of Red Spinach Juice + Fe Tablets on Increased Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women

Anemia during pregnancy is one of the most common abnormalities in pregnant women in Indonesia. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is 48.9%. The iron supplementation program is an effort that has been made by the Indonesian government to prevent anemia. To determine the effect of giving red spinach juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women. This type of research uses quantitative methods with quasi-experimental research with the two-group approach. The experimental group consumed red spinach juice + Fe tablets and the control group only drank Fe tablets. The results showed that there was an effect of giving red spinach juice + Fe tablets to increasing hemoglobin levels and there was a difference in increasing hemoglobin levels in the group given red spinach juice + Fe tablets and Fe tablets only. There is a relationship between parity and an increase in hemoglobin levels, but there is no relationship between age and education and an increase in hemoglobin levels. Intervention and parity variables were the most influential variables in increasing the hemoglobin level of pregnant women in PMB Bengkulu City. Results: There is an effect of giving red spinach juice + Fe tablets to the increase in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women.

The Effectiveness of Prenatal Yoga on Back Pain Intensity of Third Trimester Pregnant Women in Surakarta

The third trimester is the period of pregnancy in the last three months of pregnancy. The adaptation process that occurs during pregnancy often causes discomfort for pregnant women, so it is necessary to do several things from prevention to treatment. The most common discomfort for pregnant women is back pain. Pregnant women can experience back pain due to increased weight and spine. overcome back pain by massaging the back but it is not effective and prenatal yoga has never been done to treat back pain in the interviewed third-trimester pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga on back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test control group design. The sampling technique in this study was purposive. In the implementation of this research respondents obtained as many as 30 respondents. after prenatal yoga in the third-trimester pregnant women is 2.07 with a standard deviation of 0.799. The results showed that there was an effect of prenatal yoga on the level of back pain in the intervention group before and after prenatal yoga was performed in the third trimester of pregnant women in Surakarta City in 2022 with a p-value of 0.001 (p > 0.05). The reduction in back pain was highest in the intervention group because the intervention group was given prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga affected decreasing the level of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Researchers recommend prenatal yoga as physical exercise for pregnant women

Education for Pregnant Women and Cadres as an Effort to Optimize the Achievement of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Stunting Prevention

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life is the gold standard in infant and child feeding recommended by WHO and UNICEF. Breast milk contains the complete nutrition that babies need. Only breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months is sufficient for all the nutritional needs of infants. This program aimed to increase mothers' understanding of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, increase mothers' self-efficacy for breastfeeding, and mothers' readiness to face the breastfeeding process. The program is carried out by providing education, demonstrations, and breastfeeding assistance, as well as evaluation monitoring. The activity was attended by nine third-trimester pregnant women and 11 cadres, all of whom were unemployed. Providing education and training about the importance of breastfeeding for reducing can increase knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was also measured and obtained an average score of 34 out of a total score of 56. The variation in breastfeeding self-efficacy was 4,153, with a minimum score of 34 and a maximum of 39. The results of breastfeeding assistance and evaluation showed that mothers can breastfeed well and only give breast milk to the baby. This program is expected to contribute to increasing breastfeeding coverage to reduce stunting in children.