Pregnant Partners Research Articles

Implementing a prenatal health screening intervention for future fathers in Montreuil, France: most users are immigrants facing hardship

BackgroundPrenatal care provides pregnant women with repeated opportunities for prevention, screening and diagnosis that have no current extension to future fathers. It also contributes to women’s general better access to health. The goal of PARTAGE study was to evaluate the level and determinants of adherence to a prenatal prevention consultation dedicated to men.MethodsBetween January 2021 and April 2022, we conducted a monocentric interventional study in Montreuil hospital. We assessed the acceptance of a prenatal prevention consultation newly offered to every future father, through their pregnant partner’s prior consent to provide their contact details.ResultsThree thousand thirty-eight women provided contact information used to reach the fathers; effective contact was established with 2,516 men, of whom 1,333 (53%) came for prenatal prevention consultation. Immigrant men were more likely to come than French-born men (56% versus 49%, p < 0·001), and the more they faced social hardship, the more likely they were to accept the offer. In multivariate analysis, men born in Subsaharan Africa and Asia were twice as likely to attend the consultation as those born in Europe or North America.ConclusionAcceptance of this new offer was high. Moreover, this consultation was perceived by vulnerable immigrant men as an opportunity to integrate a healthcare system they would have otherwise remained deprived of.Trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov, US National Library of Medicine https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05085717Clinical Trial number: NCT05085717.Date of registration: 20/10/2021.

Adaptive changes in multiple aspects of emotion regulation in the offspring of pregnant persons receiving a diet-and-exercise intervention relative to usual pregnancy care: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHuman studies examining the influence of prenatal diet and/or exercise interventions on offspring neurodevelopment are mixed. Interventions that include the provision of whole foods, nutritional counselling, address exercise behaviors, and that utilize multimethod assessments of offspring emotion regulation may better reveal the impact of these interventions on neurodevelopment. ObjectiveTo explore whether the Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) prenatal diet-and-exercise intervention improves emotion regulation (ER) in 22-month-old offspring. MethodsPregnant persons (>18 years, singleton pregnancy) were recruited between 12-17 weeks gestation and randomized to the intervention [high protein energy-controlled diet via the provision of cottage cheese, Greek yogurt, low-fat milk, individualized biweekly nutritional counselling, a controlled walking program, and usual pregnancy care (UPC)] or control (UPC alone) groups. ER in offspring (mage=22.2(SD=4.04); 50.9% female; intervention: n=29, control: n=28) was assessed using reports from pregnant persons and their partners on the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version, laboratory observational tasks examining inhibitory control, attention, and empathy, and high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). ResultsChildren exposed to the BHIP intervention exhibited medium to large effect size reductions in pregnant person and partner reported externalizing (effect size ƞ2pmother=0.08, 95% CI of the difference[0.05,7.14]; ƞ2ppartner=0.17[1.68,9.65]), internalizing ƞ2pmother=0.08[0.09,5.32]; ƞ2ppartner=0.13[0.84,8.88]) and total behavior problems ƞ2pmother=0.09[0.72,11.87];; ƞ2ppartner=0.17 [3.17,17.88]) relative to control participants’ children. Pregnant persons, but not partners, reported fewer problems with inhibitory control (ƞ2p=0.13[1.40,8.55]), cognitive flexibility (ƞ2p=0.08[0.18,4.85]), emergent metacognition (ƞ2p=0.14[2.00,11.59]), and global executive function (ƞ2p=0.14[3.37,20.12]). Intervention children displayed fewer impulsive behaviors (ƞ2p=0.11[0.16,1.77]) and a longer attention span (ƞ2p=0.08[0.30,13.34]). Finally, intervention children exhibited greater baseline HF-HRV (ƞ2p=0.10[0.16,2.01]), and adaptive HF-HRV reactivity during the impulsivity (ƞ2p=0.12[0.20,2.19]) and attention tasks (ƞ2p=0.21[0.74,2.77]). ConclusionsThis intervention was associated with medium/large effect size improvements in offspring ER. Larger trials are needed to confirm the potential of these interventions on offspring neurodevelopment. Clinical Trial RegistryNCT01689961, Sept 21, 2012

Longitudinal Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiovascular Health During the Transition to Fatherhood: The Dad Bod Study Rationale and Design.

Despite the importance of the transition to fatherhood as a critical life stage among young adult men, much remains unknown about the factors predictive of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and how CVH is impacted as young men face new roles and responsibilities associated with fatherhood. To address this gap, the Dad Bod Study is a prospective, longitudinal and observational study designed to examine how fatherhood affects young men's CVH. A total of 125, first-time prospective fathers (men, 19-39 years) will be enrolled and followed over 1.5 years. Metrics of the American Heart Association's "Life's Essential 8" as well as demographic, social, and psychosocial factors will be collected at four time points ((baseline (during the pregnant partner's 2nd trimester) 1-month postpartum, 6-months postpartum, and 1-year postpartum). The primary aims are to measure predictors of CVH among first-time fathers and describe longitudinal changes in CVH. A secondary aim is to identify best practices for recruitment, retention, and remote data collection in this population. The Dad Bod Study offers a novel examination of CVH among first-time fathers, exploring how new paternal roles and responsibilities impact cardiovascular health. Findings may provide key insights into critical CVH behaviors and risk factors to monitor, preserve, and improve as young men transition to fatherhood.

Induced lactation in a transgender woman: case report

BackgroundBreastfeeding offers significant health benefits, but its practice and success can vary. While research on induced lactation in cisgender women has been documented, there is limited research on lactation induction in transgender women.Case presentationA 50-year-old transgender woman undergoing hormone therapy and living with a pregnant partner sought to co-feed using induced lactation. After approval by the hospital ethics committee, a regimen of estradiol, progesterone, and domperidone was initiated, accompanied by nipple stimulation. Lactation was successfully induced and maintained, with milk composition analysis indicating high levels of protein and other key nutrients. This case, the seventh reported, highlights the complexity of lactation induction in transgender women, considering factors such as age, obesity, and insulin resistance. The nutrient profile of the milk suggests its suitability for infant feeding, despite some differences from typical human milk.ConclusionsInduced lactation is feasible in transgender women, expanding the understanding of non-puerperal lactation and its potential in diverse family structures. Further research is warranted to optimize lactation induction protocols in transgender women.

Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Child Marriage and Pregnancy Among Adolescents in Malawi.

A sizeable literature has shown that child marriage is associated with an increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). However, this research has been cross-sectional, and the temporality of the association has not been investigated. Specifically, no study has yet examined whether IPV is a predictor of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy. This study uses prospective longitudinal data on a cohort of adolescent girls from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to evaluate whether IPV victimization predicts child marriage or adolescent pregnancy. Using survival models, we find that adolescent girls who experienced physical IPV (measured at survey baseline, in 2017-2018) are more likely to enter child marriages (measured at survey follow-up, in 2021) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7 [1.44, 5.08]). Experiencing sexual IPV is also significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy (HR = 1.97 [1.16, 3.33]). These findings indicate the need for greater intervention to ensure healthy adolescent relationships, as well as further research to understand how abusive relationships shape early transitions to adulthood.

Factors affecting couples’ decision making about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening

PurposeTo assess intended parents’ preferences about expanded prenatal cell-free DNA screening. MethodsA survey was administered to couples who were pregnant or trying to conceive. Partners within couples were independently asked about willingness to seek prenatal cell-free DNA screening for diseases and traits that varied by severity, treatability, age of onset, and reliability. Additional questions explored couples’ decision-making processes and how various factors would affect those decisions. ResultsRespondents (n = 494) were most likely to seek a prenatal genetic test when the test is completely predictive (P value of predictability effect = .0116), for earlier onset (P value of onset effect = .0310), treatable diseases (P value of treatability effect = .0032), and of highest severity (P value of severity effect < .0001). Living in states where termination was not available was not associated with decreased interest in prenatal screening, with 45% reporting that it would make them more likely to seek testing. There was moderate concordance between couples about their testing decisions and the majority of pregnant persons (68.8%) and partners (66.7%) desired firm screening recommendations from their doctors. ConclusionThese data suggest that couples are highly information seeking when presented with all testing options neutrally, but most desire to be presented with firm testing recommendations from their clinician.

Validation of a sleep-disordered breathing screening questionnaire during pregnancy and comparison between mothers and bedpartners prediction of risk

BackgroundSleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) in pregnant patients ranges from 3 to 27% and varies depending on gestational age and method used to diagnose. SDB increases the risk of advanced pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and preeclampsia. Screening and diagnosis of SDB during pregnancy remains a challenge, with existing screening tools underperforming during pregnancy. This study aimed to validate a previously developed model for predicting SDB during late pregnancy and compare the predictive value of bedpartner responses.MethodsNinety-six women in the third trimester of pregnancy underwent polysomnography and completed the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), with 81 bedpartners completing the BQ about their pregnant partner. A subset of BQ items (snoring volume and tiredness upon awakening) along with BMI > 32 kg/m2was utilised to calculate the Wilson Optimized Model (WOM), which demonstrated strong predictive properties in development.ResultsSDB (RDI/hr ≥ 5) was detected in 43.8% of women. BQ identified 72% of pregnant mothers as high risk for SDB (Sensitivity = 83%, Specificity = 37%), compared to 29% of mothers identified by the WOM (Sensitivity = 45%, Specificity = 83%). At RDI of ≥ 15, the WOM correctly classified more women according to SDB risk than the BQ (76.0% vs. 41.7% cases correct,X2(1) = 23.42,p < .001), with no difference at RDI ≥ 5. Bedpartners were more likely to report high risk for SDB on the WOM than pregnant women themselves (38.3% vs. 28.4%), however predictive ability was not improved by bedpartner input (RDI ≥ 5 bedpartner AUC = 0.69 v mother AUC = 0.73).ConclusionBQ largely overestimates the prevalence of SDB in pregnancy compared to the WOM which underestimates. Utilising bedpartner responses didn’t improve screening for SDB in late pregnancy. More work is needed to develop a pregnancy-specific tool for quick and accurate screening for SDB.

When Life Is Expected to Be Brief: A Case-Based Guide to Prenatal Collaborative Care.

Advances in fetal health detection and neonatal care have improved outcome predictions but have outpaced the development of treatments, leaving some families facing the heartbreaking reality of their baby's short life expectancy. Families with a fetus that has a life-limiting condition must make tough decisions, including the possibility of termination, perinatal palliative care options, and the extent of newborn resuscitation. Access to abortion services is crucial in decision-making, underscoring the significance of palliative care as an option. Perinatal palliative care programs offer vital support, honoring the baby and family throughout pregnancy, birth, and death. They provide compassionate care for pregnant individuals, partners, and newborns, integrating seamlessly into standard pregnancy and birth care. Successful programs prioritize families' desires, goals, and personal priorities, whether through a dedicated team or an organized system. "Regardless of the length of a baby's life or duration of illness, it is their lifetime. The infant and family deserve skilled and compassionate attention to their plight; a safety net throughout the experience; a palliative care approach emphasizing living fully those days, hours, and even moments." (1).

Socioeconomic profile pregnant women with Gestational and Congenital Syphilis in SC-Brazil

Objective: The study aimed to profile patients with gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS), presenting the scenario on incidence and the effectiveness of actions in three municipalities in Santa Catarina. Methodology: This was a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective research with a quantitative approach. The variables were obtained through the records of the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) and the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) from 2017 to 2022. The data were arranged in tables and graphs, and the analysis was performed by means of relative and absolute frequency. Results: There were 331 cases of gestational syphilis and 25 cases of congenital syphilis reported. The study showed that 33.23% of the pregnant women were between 21 and 25 years old, 68.58% were white, 26.89% had completed high school, 92.45% lived in urban areas, all were "housewives", and 48.04% of the pregnant women's sexual partners were treated concomitantly with the pregnant woman. Regarding the characteristics of the patients with SC, 96.1% were diagnosed in the first weeks of life and 64% were hospitalized for treatment. Regarding the profile of the mothers of these patients, 52% were younger than 20 years old, 36% had incomplete High School, 96% had prenatal care, 36% had an adequate treatment regimen, and 56% of the sexual partners had no treatment. Conclusion: The results reflect a higher vulnerability due to the maternal profile found in the social context of syphilis, bringing health risks due to the lower access to information and the higher risk of disease transmission.

Maternal and Partner Pregnancy Impact Expectations Scales (PIES-M/P): Development, Evaluation, and Implications

Maternal and Partner Pregnancy Impact Expectations Scales (PIES-M/P): Development, Evaluation, and Implications

Intimate Partner Violence during pregnancy: Impact on women and children: A Review

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the major causes of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder and can have a negative impact on the mother during pregnancy. This review aims to understand the health consequences of IPV on maternal mental health so that effective interventions and policies can be developed and implemented to provide support to victims, promote gender equality, and prevent adverse maternal outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines. Computer database researches were conducted using the following databases: Google Scholar, Psych INFO, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The literature was screened by titles and abstracts and by applying keyword search. The following keywords were searched: women, violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, IPV, pregnancy, antenatal, conception, maternal health, child health, mental health, and maternal mental health. The literature search was done from 2014 to 2024. Results: IPV not only poses adverse effects on the well-being of the victim but also disrupts the stability of the environment of the home. It impacts the health, nurturing care, and overall development of the child. Children born to mothers exposed to violence during pregnancy may have lower birth weights and experience higher rates of mortality, preterm births, and lower Apgar scores. The negative effects of IPV on child health also extend beyond the child's cognitive development, impacting the academic performance of their peers. Conclusion: A vast majority of the incidents involving IPV go unreported due to fear, shame, stigma, or lack of awareness. This can affect the accuracy of the actual data of prevalence. In addition, societal norms, gender stereotypes, and male dominance may add to the effects of IPV, making it difficult for the victims to seek help.

Exploring the consent process among pregnant and breastfeeding women taking part in a maternal vaccine clinical trial in Kampala, Uganda: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe involvement of pregnant women in vaccine clinical trials presents unique challenges for the informed consent process. We explored the expectations and experiences of the pregnant women, spouses/partners, health workers and stakeholders of the consent process during a Group B Streptococcus maternal vaccine trial.MethodsWe interviewed 56 participants including pregnant women taking part in the trial, women not in the trial, health workers handling the trial procedures, spouses, and community stakeholders. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 23 women in the trial, in-depth interviews with 5 spouses, and 5 women not in the trial, key informant interviews with 5 health workers and 5 other stakeholders were undertaken.ResultsDecision-making by a pregnant woman to join a trial was done in consultation with spouse, parents, siblings, or trusted health workers. Written study information was appreciated by all but they suggested the use of audio and visual presentation to enhance understanding. Women stressed the need to ensure that their male partners received study information before their pregnant partners joined a clinical trial. Confidentiality in research was emphasised differently by individual participants; while some emphasised it for self, others were keen to protect their family members from being exposed, for allowing them to be involved in research. However, others wanted their community participation to be acknowledged.ConclusionWe found that pregnant women make decisions to join a clinical trial after consulting with close family. Our findings suggest the need for an information strategy which informs not only the pregnant woman, but also her family about the research she is invited to engage in.

Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on spermogram parameters, sperm DNA integrity, reproductive hormones and partner pregnancy rate in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia

Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on spermogram parameters, sperm DNA integrity, reproductive hormones and partner pregnancy rate in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia

Efficacy of mobile phone intervention to increase male partner antenatal care attendance for HIV testing in Moshi municipal, Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHIV partner counselling and testing in antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial strategy to raise the number of males who know their HIV status. However, in many settings like Tanzania, male involvement in antenatal care remains low, and there is a definite need for innovative strategies to increase male partner involvement. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of mobile phone intervention increase male partner ANC attendance for HIV testing in Moshi municipal, Tanzania.MethodsBetween April and July 2022, we enrolled pregnant women presenting to a first ANC visit at Majengo and St. Joseph reproductive health facilities without their male partners. Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to invitation of their male partners either via phone calls, text messages from clinic staff and verbal invites from pregnant partners (intervention arm) or verbal invites only from the pregnant partners (control arm). Neither healthcare provider nor participant were blinded. The primary outcome was the proportion of male partners who attended ANC with their pregnant partners during a follow-up period of two consecutive visits. The secondary outcome measure was HIV testing among male partners following the invitation. Participants were analyzed as originally assigned (intention to treat).ResultsA total of 350 pregnant women presenting to ANC for the first time were enrolled, with 175 women enrolled in each arm. The efficacy of male attendance with their pregnant women following the invitations was 83.4% (147/175) in the intervention arm and 46.3% (81/175) in the control arm. Overall, the results suggest a positive and statistically significant average treatment effect among men who received mobile phone intervention on ANC attendance. For the secondary outcome, the percent of male partners who accepted HIV counselling and testing was 99.3% (146/147) in the intervention arm and 93.8% (76/81) in the control arm. Married men were having higher odds of ANC attendance compared with single men (aOR:6.40(3.26–12.56), Males with multigravida women were having lower odds of ANC attendance compared with primigravida women (aOR:0.17(0.09–0.33).ConclusionThe study demonstrates that supplementing verbal invitations with mobile phone calls and text messages from clinic staff can significantly increase male partner ANC attendance and HIV testing. This combined approach is recommended in improving ANC attendance and HIV testing of male partners who do not accompany their pregnant partners to antenatal clinics in the first visits.Trial registrationPACTR202209769991162.

Exploring Couvade Syndrome: the Surprising Symptoms of Sympathetic Pregnancy

This study describes the pivotal developmental phase of pregnancy and impending parenthood, highlighting the distinct experiences encountered by both expectant mothers and fathers. Couvade syndrome, informally termed sympathetic pregnancy, emerges in soon-to-be fathers who display symptoms mirroring those of their pregnant partners. Despite being often trivialized, Couvade syndrome can provoke distress in men, exhibiting symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, psychological strain, and behavioral modifications. Although not formally acknowledged as a medical condition, its widespread occurrence underscores the necessity for deeper explorations into its causative factors. The term "couvade" originates from the French "couvee," signifying incubation or nurturing, coined by anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in 1865. Across diverse cultures, Couvade syndrome has piqued interest due to its intriguing resemblance to pregnancy symptoms in men. The proposed rationales for this occurrence encompass psychological, physiological, and societal dimensions, encompassing anxiety, hormonal shifts, and gender roles. Several predisposing factors, including socioeconomic status, first-time parenthood, emotional stressors, and cultural background, may heighten susceptibility to Couvade syndrome. Manifestations range from physical discomforts to emotional turmoil and behavioral alterations, reflecting a multifaceted reaction to the imminent fatherhood journey. While no standardized treatment protocol exists for Couvade syndrome, coping mechanisms such as stress management, regular physical activity, wholesome nutrition, and abstention from substances like alcohol and drugs are recommended. Additionally, alternative modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), yoga, and pharmacotherapy may offer relief from symptoms. Couvade syndrome typically dissipates postpartum as fathers shift their focus to the newborn. Despite its transient nature, further research is imperative to deepen comprehension and extend support to expectant fathers during this distinctive transition to parenthood.

Cortical volume reductions in men transitioning to first-time fatherhood reflect both parenting engagement and mental health risk.

Perinatal reductions in gray matter volume have been observed in human mothers transitioning to parenthood, with preliminary evidence for similar changes in fathers. These reductions have been theorized to support adaptation to parenting, but greater investigation is needed. We scanned 38 first-time fathers during their partner's pregnancy and again after 6months postpartum, and collected self-report data prenatally and 3, 6, and 12months postpartum. Significant gray matter volume reductions were observed across the entire cortex but not the subcortex. Fathers who reported stronger prenatal bonding with the unborn infant, and planned to take more time off from work after birth, subsequently showed larger cortical volume decreases. Larger reductions in gray matter volume also emerged among fathers who reported stronger postpartum bonding with the infant, lower parenting stress, and more time spent with their infant. Larger volume reductions predicted more postpartum sleep problems and higher levels of postpartum depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, controlling for prenatal sleep and mental health. Volume reductions were smaller among fathers whose infants were older at the postpartum scan, indicating potential rebound. These results suggest that perinatal gray matter volume reductions might reflect not only greater parenting engagement but also increased mental health risk in new fathers.

Zika virus prevention behaviors and knowledge among male partners of pregnant people and lack of condom use as a prevention behavior from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study, Colombia

ObjectiveZika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause brain and eye abnormalities and neurodevelopmental sequelae. In the absence of medical countermeasures, behavioral interventions were recommended to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission of ZIKV. This report uses data from the Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) prospective cohort study in Colombia to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to ZIKV prevention in male partners compared to those of their pregnant partners at study enrollment during February 2017–2018.ResultsMost male partners reported wearing protective clothing such as long pants (97.6%) and long sleeves (72.8%), as well as covering ankles and feet (89.1%) to prevent ZIKV infection. When comparing the preventive behavior of condom use between male and pregnant partners, 26 pairs (10.0%) both responded that they performed the behavior. Overall, 25.1% of male partners and 18.9% of pregnant people reported any condom use during the three months before enrolling in ZEN. When comparing other preventive behaviors between male and pregnant partners, the behavior which was most frequently reported by both partners was wearing long pants (85.4%), and the least frequently reported by both partners was using condoms after finding out about a partner’s pregnancy (3.4%).

Association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy intention: evidence from the Peruvian demographic and health survey

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) in Peru represents a significant public health challenge. IPV can influence women’s reproductive and social behaviors, undermining fertility control, and exacerbating unintended pregnancies. Our objective was to assess the association between IPV and pregnancy intention among Peruvian women of reproductive age.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of Peru’s 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey data. The independent variable in this study was IPV against women, which includes psychological IPV, sexual IPV, and physical IPV. If a respondent experienced any of these three forms of IPV, the IPV variable was labeled as “yes”; if none were present, it was labeled as “no”. The dependent variable was pregnancy intention (no vs. yes). We utilized a generalized linear model (GLM) from the Poisson family with a log link function to assess the relationship between IPV occurrences (total and each IPV type) and pregnancy intention. We report crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsWe analyzed data from 8466 women aged 15 to 49. The prevalence of any IPV was 49.6% (psychological IPV: 45.8%; physical IPV: 22.2%; and sexual IPV: 4.3%). Exposure to physical IPV (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.07), psychological IPV (aPR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06), and sexual IPV (aPR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.13), as well as a history of any IPV (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07), were associated with a higher probability of not intending to become pregnant. This association persisted after adjusting for confounders like age, marital status, educational attainment, education level of the child’s father, place of residence, wealth, ethnicity, and parity.ConclusionOne in two Peruvian women reported experiencing IPV. An association was observed between IPV exposure and a higher probability of not holding an intention to become pregnant.

Participant‐driven salient beliefs regarding abortion: Implications for abortion attitude measurement

AbstractObjectiveGuided by the Reasoned Action Approach, we used a salient belief elicitation (SBE) to elicit participant‐generated beliefs regarding abortion. SBE is a formative research technique used to elicit people's control (i.e., perceived facilitators and barriers associated with a behavior), behavioral (i.e., perceived positive and negative consequences of doing a behavior), and normative (i.e., influence of important people/peers regarding a behavior) beliefs regarding a particular behavior (i.e., abortion).MethodsWe administered our SBE to English‐ and Spanish‐speaking U.S. adults (N = 608) from NORC's AmeriSpeak® panel. We used inductive content and thematic analyses to assess open‐ended questions.ResultsWe found that participants’ control and behavioral beliefs referenced circumstances used to assess abortion attitudes in polling item (e.g., rape) and reasons people seek abortion (e.g., financial reasons) as well as potential negative emotions (e.g., shame) and positive consequences (e.g., autonomy) associated with abortion. Participants indicated pregnant people's partners and people seeking abortion as salient referents.ConclusionParticipants mentioned several contexts reflected in common measures used to assess abortion attitudes by national polls and surveys. However, we also found other relevant circumstances not reflected in common measures and a range of salient referents. We recommend abortion attitudes measures account for these participant‐driven salient beliefs.

Paternal Postpartum Depression and Associated Factors Among Partners of Women Who Gave Birth in Seka Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Despite epidemiologic studies demonstrating the increased incidence of paternal postpartum depression, their emotional health is overlooked throughout their partner's pregnancy and postpartum period as postpartum depression has been traditionally construed as a disease of women. Traditional masculinity norms also result in a lack of recognition and barriers to the treatment of depression in men. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence and factors of paternal postpartum depression among fathers whose wives gave birth. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 7 to 17, 2023. The 288 sample size was estimated using a single population proportion formula and selected by random sampling technique. The data were exported from Kobo Toolbox and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Candidate variables were identified in bivariate at p < .25 for the multivariate analysis. A p < .05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were used to determine the significance. A total of 280 partners participated making a 97.22% response rate. Paternal postpartum depression was 19.6%(95% confidence interval [CI] = [15.4%, 24.3%]). It was significantly associated with history of depression (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI = [1.7, 10.9]), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = [1.9, 11.3]), alcohol consumption (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI = [1.3, 7.4]), infant sleeping problem (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI = [1.1, 8.9]), and mode of delivery (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI = [1.3, 7.6]). This study concluded that paternal postpartum depression was high. The researchers recommended the inclusion of men's mental health services like screening into women's postnatal health care.