Pregnant Ladies Research Articles

The Influence of Spirituality during Pregnancy: The Lights and Shadows

In Asia, religion and health have been intertwined for centuries. Many cultures relate pregnancy and childbirth with religion and tradition. Spirituality is vital to nursing and midwifery. It is the part of all nursing and midwifery clients' and families' care1. Women pray more for protection, safe delivery, and blessings throughout pregnancy. Some women dread death during caesarian section and others are stigmatized2. It endures, to birth spontaneously; expectant ladies would try all spiritual and conventional techniques. Women pray alone or together. Pregnant ladies pray to build their faith in God and have confidence in a safe delivery3. Women communicate differently depending on their religion. Women can pray with blessed water, threads, recited water and oil. These items can be used once or throughout pregnancy4. The Holy Spirit is supposed to influence users through blessed water and oil. Some women recite scripture during prayers. Religious restrictions for pregnant women vary by group.

Modified-Malay Eating Behavior and Pattern Questionnaire (Malay-EBPQ): translation and validation among Malaysian women

BackgroundEating behavior primarily depends on eating patterns which are largely influenced by interactions between physiology, environment, psychology, culture and socio-economic status. This study was designed to translate and validate the Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) among Malaysian women.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving translation and validation of the English version of EBPQ. The original questionnaire, contained 51 items extracted into six domains was translated in Malay using forward and backward translation, pre-tested and validated among conveniently sampled female healthcare personnel. Vegetarians, pregnant ladies and women in confinement were excluded due to special daily dietary plans. Construct validity, reliability and feasibility were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).ResultsDuring translation, item modifications were made and subjected to field testing among 394 women. The original questionnaire was used as a reference to identify the positioning of items in constructs. Fifteen items were removed due to poor correlation with items within constructs. Seven factors were extracted using Varimax rotation with Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value range from 0.725–0.872 and significant Bartlett’s test of Sphericity (p < 0.001). The item-loading of the items within the constructs ranged between 0.415–0.812 (explained variation = 62.7%). Cultural and lifestyle behavior was relabeled to lifestyle and behavioral eating, and snacking on sweets was relabeled as snacking pattern. Emotional eating was divided into two sub-factors as snacking behavior and emotional influence. CFA resulted with an acceptable fit with no presence of floor and ceiling effects. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for all the constructs were reported good and excellent. The overall internal consistency was reported as good.ConclusionThe modified 36-item Malay-EBPQ had moderate internal consistency, reliable and fit with multi-dimensional measures of eating behaviors and dietary patterns among women in the multi-racial population with cultural diversity.

Universal screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in Upper Egypt: Prospective cohort study of the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes

Background: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Egypt, the real prevalence and epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Upper Egypt are still lacking. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GDM among pregnant women in Upper Egypt and to evaluate the fetal and maternal outcomes of this disease. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2014 and July 2018. Universal screening for GDM among all pregnant women attending primary health care clinics was done using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria. Those with GDM were followed up until the end of purpureum. Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. Results: GDM was diagnosed in 956 out of 7141 pregnant women (13.4%). Previous history of GDM, macrosomic babies, and family history of diabetes were all significantly higher in GDM women (P&lt;0.001 each). However, no definite risk factors were observed in about half of the GDM women. 29% of GDM women responded to medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone. When the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was repeated Postpartum, diagnosis of DM was established in 14.3% of the cohort, while 25.7% had impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM is relatively high in Upper Egypt. Half of GDM cases lack risk factors. Universal screening using OGTT should be routinely performed on all attendant pregnant ladies. Discrete MNT is not enough management in most GDM cases.

Correlation of Placental Weight with Neonatal Weight and HbA1c in Normal Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Alban-Jaded Teaching Hospital

Background: The placenta is a life-supporting organ for the growing fetus. Several studies have highlighted the relationship between placental weight and neonatal birth weight; however, the role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has not been addressed. Aim: The study aimed to determine the relationship between the placental weight, neonatal birth weight, and HbA1c at term pregnancy in a Sudanese hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Al Ban-Jaded Hospital between November and December 2022. Data, including the gestational age at delivery (in weeks), parity, mode of delivery, fetal birth weight, placental weight, fetal gender, and presence or absence of maternal medical diseases, was obtained from 60 singleton term deliveries who met the inclusion criteria for the study. The tested data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, and t-test was used to compare the statistical significance (P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: The mean age was 27.02 ± 6.8 years. The mean HbA1C was 5.98% ± 0.39% (5.2%–6.9%). Glycated hemoglobin was elevated (≥5.7%) in the majority (46, 76.7%) of pregnancies. The mean placental weight was 290 ± 106 g (100 g–700 g), while the mean birth weight was 3.00 kg ± 0.36 kg (2.3 kg–3.8 kg), and the placental/birth weight ratio was 9.6%. There was a significant positive correlation between neonatal weight and placental weight (r=0.514, P value=0.000). Also, neonatal weight and placental weight had a significant positive correlation with HbA1C (r=0.657, P value=0.000). Placental weight and neonatal birth weight significantly increased with the gestational age of neonates (P value &lt;0.05), with a slight drop noted in term gestation. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between placental weight and birth weight of the neonate in pregnancies with high maternal HbA1C, and placental weight and birth weight were higher than in pregnancies with normal maternal HbA1C.

Correlation of Placental Weight with Neonatal Weight and HbA1c in Normal Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Alban-Jaded Teaching Hospital

Background: The placenta is a life-supporting organ for the growing fetus. Several studies have highlighted the relationship between placental weight and neonatal birth weight; however, the role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has not been addressed. Aim: The study aimed to determine the relationship between the placental weight, neonatal birth weight, and HbA1c at term pregnancy in a Sudanese hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Al Ban-Jaded Hospital between November and December 2022. Data, including the gestational age at delivery (in weeks), parity, mode of delivery, fetal birth weight, placental weight, fetal gender, and presence or absence of maternal medical diseases, was obtained from 60 singleton term deliveries who met the inclusion criteria for the study. The tested data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, and t-test was used to compare the statistical significance (P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: The mean age was 27.02 ± 6.8 years. The mean HbA1C was 5.98% ± 0.39% (5.2%–6.9%). Glycated hemoglobin was elevated (≥5.7%) in the majority (46, 76.7%) of pregnancies. The mean placental weight was 290 ± 106 g (100 g–700 g), while the mean birth weight was 3.00 kg ± 0.36 kg (2.3 kg–3.8 kg), and the placental/birth weight ratio was 9.6%. There was a significant positive correlation between neonatal weight and placental weight (r=0.514, P value=0.000). Also, neonatal weight and placental weight had a significant positive correlation with HbA1C (r=0.657, P value=0.000). Placental weight and neonatal birth weight significantly increased with the gestational age of neonates (P value &lt;0.05), with a slight drop noted in term gestation. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between placental weight and birth weight of the neonate in pregnancies with high maternal HbA1C, and placental weight and birth weight were higher than in pregnancies with normal maternal HbA1C.

Hepatitis E virus as a transfusion transmitted infection-current status

Objectives: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is growing worldwide and presents a new threat to the blood transfusion services across the world. The present review tries to explore how the transfusion medicine community is responding to the threat. Materials and Methods: The major papers and important case reports were culled from PubMed, Science Direct, Embase related to this infection, and transfusion medicine since 2005 were explored and relevant articles were discussed with emphasis on epidemiology, infection, prevalence in donor population, susceptible recipients, prevention, and future development. Results: There are eight genotypes of this virus with different host, transmission biology, and clinical infection. Chronic infections are more common with Genotype 3 and Genotype 4 which are prevalent in Europe and transmitted by pig and meats cooked from this animal. Genotype 5 and 6 has not yet been linked to human transmission. Genotype 1 and Genotype 2 cause epidemic form of this infection and are common in developing countries. Immunosuppressed and chronic liver disease patients get chronic or severe infection. Pregnant ladies develop fulminant hepatitis with high mortality. The virus is transmitted by blood products but severe infection is uncommon. Many European countries, USA, Canada are using Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) based technology to screen their donors as Individual Donor-NAT or Minipool NAT with varying efficiency. Large part of the world as yet has not taken any active measure to contain this infection through transfusion. A vaccine is available, effective but is not widely used as more studies are needed. Cross immunity does happen between genotypes and presence of immunoglobulin G antibody in blood protects against serious infection. Alanine transaminase level corresponds with viremia in asymptomatic but infected individuals. Conclusion: The HEV is an emerging but important threat to transfusion medicine service. Important information regarding this infection is still lacking. However, there is a need to develop robust safety algorithm to counter this threat and make transfusion safer.

Frequency of Fetomaternal Complications Due to Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Objective: To study frequency of complications in fetus and mothers developed due to intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the department of gynecology and obstetrics Rai medical College Sargodha. Study was commenced in July 2022 and completed in December 2022. Study sample was calculated using WHO sample size calculator. Pregnant ladies presenting with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy having age 16-40 years were included in this study. Patients with multiple pregnancies, or having carcinoma of liver, presence of chronic liver disease or history of alcohol addiction were excluded from the study. Proper follow ups were done in all pregnant women till the delivery having gestational age ≤ 41 weeks. All necessary data regarding feto-maternal outcomes was documented on a proforma like mode of delivery, APGAR Score, postpartum hemorrhage, low birth weight, meconium stained liquor, premature birth or intrauterine fetal death. Results: This study was conducted on 130 cases with intrahepatic cholestasis, cesarean section was done in 55(42.3%) cases, post-partum hemorrhage reported in 09(6.9%), APGAR score was &lt;7 at five minutes in 11(8.5%), preterm birth happened in 29(22.3%), low birth weight reported in 12(9.2%), intrauterine death of the fetus reported in 08(6.1%) and meconium stained liquor was noted in 41(31.5%) cases. Mean age of the mothers was 24±3.7 years. Practical Implication: In our community we have to consider this health issue seriously if we want to reduce mortality due to ICP and its associated complications in our community. Conclusion: This study concluded that intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is related to poor fetomaternal outcomes that can be prevented by some serious recommendations for such high risk pregnancies. It will reduce fetomaternal morbidity and mortality rate in our setups. Keywords: Intrahepatic cholestasis, Intrauterine death, Pregnancy, Fetomaternal complications, Postpartum hemorrhage,

Penerapan Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Pada Ibu Hamil Resiko Preeklamsi Di Klinik Kasih Ibu Tahun 2023

In (WHO) in advanced countries the prevalence of preeclampsia tiers from 6-7%. consistent with Riskesdas, the prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant ladies in Indonesia is two.7%. The incidence of preeclampsia in Indonesia on my own is round 128,273/twelve months. elements for the prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant ladies encompass age, occupation, parity, gestational age, records of excessive blood pressure, and education. to analyze the impact of foot soak remedy with warmness water at the risk of preeclampsia pregnant women at Kasih Ibu fitness center. this test makes use of quantitative studies facts types with the quasi test methode and the only corporation pretest- posttest design. The test population turn out to be all prenagent ladies who visited the kasih iu clinical institution, totaling 40 humans and a sample of forty respondents using a whole sampling teahnique. the scale methode used a questionnaire which turn out to be analyzed univariaty and bivariately wiht parist T-test evaluation. The consequences of the statistical take a look at confirmed that there has been an effect of soaking ft in warmth water on decreasing blood stress in prenagent ladies danger of preeclamsia with a P-rate of zero,000 &lt; 0,05 the perception of this examine turn out to be of soaking in warmth water on decreasing blood stress a prenagent.&#x0D; Keywords : Preeclampsia, Warm Water, Pregnant Women

Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy with variations in Serum Sodium and Potassium Concentration

Objective: To study the variation in Serum Sodium and Potassium concentration in Pre-eclampsia and Normotensive pregnant ladies.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian District Gujrat Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Jan 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: The study population Comprosed of 80 pre-eclamptic and 80 normotensive pregnant women recruited consecutively at their first, third trimester, and prenatal visits. Serum Sodium and Potassium were analysed using Ericson Photometer.&#x0D; Results: When the two Groups were compared, in the Normotensive Group, the mean Sodium concentration of 132±4.490 mEq/dl was significantly less than the Pre-eclampsia Group of 139.1±3.909 mEq/dl. On the contrary, mean Serum Potassium concentration was significantly less in Pre-eclampsia 3.54±0.511 mmol/L compared to the Normotensive Group to 4.0±0.513 mmol/L.&#x0D; Conclusion: High levels of Sodium and low level of Potassium were observed in the Pre-eclampsia Group. There may be a causal relationship between electrolyte fluctuations and Pre-eclampsia.Keywords: Electrolytes, Hypertension, Potassium, Pre-eclampsia, Sodium.

Determination of fetal weight by ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal mid-thigh soft-tissue thickness in late third trimester

Background: Estimation of fetal weight is of utmost importance in the planning and management of uneventful labor. This study was done to compare the estimated fetal weight determined by Hadlock’s method and Scioscia’s formula (using femur length and mid-thigh soft-tissue thickness [MTSTT]) to the actual birth weight (ABW). Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To estimate fetal weight by Hadlock’s method and ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal MTSTT in late third trimester. (2) To correlate fetal weight derived by Hadlock’s method and ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal MTSTT with ABW. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted during the period November 2022–January 2023, at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. Seventy-six pregnant ladies at term (between 37 and 40 weeks) were included in the study. Results: This study assessed validity of Hadlock formulae and Scioscia’s formulae for detecting fetal weight. For detection of fetal weight by Hadlock’s method, area under curve (AUC) was 0.961 and according to Scioscia’s formulae, AUC was 0.965. This study showed good agreement between fetal weight derived by Hadlock formulae and actual fetal weight (Kappa value – 0.725). There was also good agreement between fetal weight derived by Scioscia’s formulae and actual fetal weight (Kappa value – 0.745). Conclusion: The fetal weight derived by Scioscia’s formula was comparable to the actual fetal weight allowing us to rely on Scioscia’s formulae to detect fetal weight. Calculating fetal weight by measurement of fetal MTSTT serves as an additional tool for estimation of fetal weight along with the existing parameters, thereby increasing the likelihood for accurate fetal weight estimation.

Husband's Support with the Anxiety Level of Trimester III Pregnant Women in the Era of Adaptation to the Covid-19 Pandemic

Physical and mental variations during pregnancy will quite often cause pressure. The aim of this study was to decide the connection between a spouse's help and the nervousness level of third-trimester pregnant ladies during the time of transformation during the Coronavirus pandemic. Cross-sectional analytic surveys were used in this kind of study. The number of inhabitants in this study was all pregnant ladies who completed Antenatal Consideration (ANC) at the Manuju Wellbeing Center, Manuju Area, Gowa Rule for the period August 2022 upwards of 43 individuals. The example was third-trimester pregnant ladies at the Manuju wellbeing focus utilizing the purposive testing procedure utilizing the Slovin equation, comprising 35 subjects. The chi-square analysis method was used in conjunction with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) in the instrument. The results of the Chi-Square statistical test, which yielded a p-value of p-value=0,02 and a correlation coefficient of 0,691, demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the level of anxiety experienced by pregnant women in the third trimester and the husband's support during the period of adaptation to the Covid-19 pandemic. So, one can conclude that the husband's support for pregnant women is stronger the more anxious they are.

Sonographic prediction of fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA) Doppler indices of lung maturity and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) development

PurposeThe aim of this study is to highlight the predictive role of perinatal fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA) Doppler measurements in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome development. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the lead causes of neonatal respiratory distress as well as neonatal death. Thus, it seems logic to evaluate fetal lung maturity before labour.MethodsThe study is a prospective cohort study performed in tertiary hospital over a period of one-year duration. 70 pregnant ladies between 34 and 38 weeks of gestation were referred for fetal echo, when pregnancy was considered a high risk. A trained radiologist using dedicated ultrasound machine with updated obstetric and fetal echo software performed the fetal echo. Doppler mode and curvilinear probe of 5.7 MHz transducer. Pediatric neonatologist observed the neonatal outcome post-natally.ResultsA total of 70 pregnant patients with risk factors underwent fetal echo, 26/70 (37.1%) were diagnosed with RDS conforming to the neonatal criteria. The mean acceleration time/ejection time ratio (At/Et ratio) of the fetal pulmonary artery was significantly reduced in fetuses that subsequently developed RDS than those without RDS. Contrarily, the mean pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the fetal pulmonary artery were significantly high in fetuses who later developed RDS than in those who did not.ConclusionFetal MPA Doppler measurements have a major role in anticipating the development of neonatal RDS in preterm and early term neonates.

Screening for maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in patients with liver disease: an observational study

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among pregnant females could induce CMV hepatitis with possible changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) which could be reversibly increased during normal pregnancies, particularly in the third trimester. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of CMV infection among pregnant females with and without chronic liver disease and to evaluate the effects of CMV infection on LSM and pregnancy outcomes in comparison to non-CMV-infected pregnant females.MethodsThis is an observational prospective study that included 201 pregnant ladies presented to the liver disease with pregnancy clinic, Cairo University from March 2018 to April 2019. We assessed the laboratory results, abdominal ultrasonography, LSM using ARFI elastography, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred and one pregnant ladies were divided into ; group 1: pregnant ladies with normal pregnancy (n = 128), group 2: pregnant ladies with chronic liver diseases not related to pregnancy (n = 35), and group 3: pregnant ladies with pregnancy-related liver diseases (n = 38). Positive CMV serology (either/or, +ve CMV-IgM, IgG) was detected in 106/201 patients (52.74%), and fifteen of them had an active infection (IgG +, IgM+, PCR+). Pregnant females with chronic liver diseases not related to pregnancy had significantly higher serum levels of CMV IgM, IgG, and PCR. Moreover, LSM had a significant correlation with CMV IgG and CM_PCR in normal pregnant ladies. Maternal mortality occurred only in pregnant females with chronic liver diseases in 5.7% (2/35).ConclusionMaternal CMV infection carries a significant risk to pregnant females with chronic liver disease. Routine CMV screening for women planning to be pregnant, especially those with chronic liver disease could help to avoid bad maternal and fetal outcomes.

Association of Adverse Perinatal Outcome with Oligohydramnios during Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: For the growth and development of the unborn child, amniotic fluid is absolutely necessary. Strong interactions between the fetus, placenta, and parts of the mother are given their volume1. Oligohydramnios is defined as having an amniotic fluid index (AFI) &lt;5th percentile or AFI 5 cm during pregnancy and no water at a depth of 23 cm before the cornea. This is a common problem that occurs in 35% of pregnancies during childbirth2. Aim: To determining the correlation between oligohydramnios in pregnant women who are late in pregnancy (3rd trimester) and adverse birth outcomes such as partial surgery, decreased Apgar score, and lower birth weight. Study design: Cohort study Study set up: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. Study period: six months starting15-01-2022 to 14-07-2022 Methods: 242 females were enrolled. Two groups of participants were created: group II had normal AFI and group I had oligohydramnios. Females given intra venous fluids to group I after ruling out any contra indication. The perinatal result was then documented. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and evaluate all of the gathered data. Results: In exposed group the mean age was 27.79±6.72 years, whereas in unexposed group the mean age was 28.25±6.77 years. The C-section was done in 124(51.2%) females. RR = 0.693 [1.25-3.49] While the Low Birth Weight and poor APGAR score has shown protective effect. Practical implication: Oligohydramniosmeans decreased amniotic fluid around the fetus. There is deficiency of amniotic fluid &lt; 200 ml at a time. Approximately 8-10% of pregnant ladies may have decreased level of amniotic fluid but 5% have been confirmed diagnosis of oligohydramnios. Conclusion: So complications of surgery are directly related to the severity of oligohydramnios in pregnant women while low birth weight and poor APGAR scores has shown protective effect in women presented in last trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Low Birth Weight, Perinatal Outcome, APGAR SCORES, Pregnancy

COVID-19 impact in early pregnancy losses: A retrospective study

Background: Severe acute lung disease, known as coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] had multifaced impacts on human lives especially in pregnant women. However, no clear-cut consensus have been made on the effect of COVID 19 on pregnancy and fetal effects due to limited data. Aim: To study pregnant women presenting to our department with missed miscarriages or early fetal demise in the COVID pandemic time for a period of 2 years (April 2020 to March 2022) and to assess the risk of early pregnancy loss due to COVID 19 infection if any. Materials and Methods: A Retrospective comparative study was carried out among pregnant women attending the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology for MTP at SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar in view of miscarriages both embryonic and anembryonic and early fetal demise till 20weeks Gestational age in the period April2020 to March 2021 and a control group of pregnant ladies who presented for MTPs before 20 weeks for miscarriages and early IUFDs till 20 weeks gestational age in the period of April 2019 to march 2020 were taken. Results: A total of 232 women were registered during pre-pandemic period and 180 women were registered during pandemic period for the study. The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics including the mean maternal age in both the groups which were 22+/-2 and 23+/-2yrs. Parity affected in both the study groups i.e, precovid which were 38.2% in primigravida and 61.7% in multigravida and the pregnancy loss during covid-there were 44.6% in primigravida and 55.3% in multigravida, showing no significant difference in pregnancy loss during and before covid. The percentages of missed miscarriages, early IUFDS less than 20 weeks Gestational age, MTPs done for various congenital anomalies also showed only marginal changes in both the groups. Conclusion: In our study, we did not find any significant difference between the early fetal demise, missed miscarriages, MTPs done for congenital anomalies during the pre-covid and COVID periods. Though some studies support early pregnancy loss due to COVID infection, because of our small sample size, we could not find attribute the marginal changes in the study group i.e, during COVID pandemic due to small sample size and also many studies reporting no significant difference, large multicentric studies are needed to evaluate any association between the COVID-19 SARS virus infection and its effect on fetal demise, any miscarriages or congenital anomalies.

Period prevalence of antenatally diagnosed congenital abnormalities, Single center study from Saudi Arabia

Objective: To find out the period prevalence of congenital malformation diagnosed in security forces hospital – Riyadh –kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the study period from Jan 2012 till Dec 2014 and the possible associated risk factors. Method: This is a retrospective chart review of all pregnant ladies who were following at security forces hospital – Riyadh – in the period between Jan 2012 till Dec 2014 in whom congenital abnormalities were diagnosed by ultrasound.Results: Out of 18748 scans done for 9374 patient during the study period, 283 cases of congenital abnormalities were diagnosed, which gives a period prevalence of 3.02%. The majority -around 70% of these anomalies- involved one body system; out of them 31% were renal anomalies. Conclusion: The period prevalence of congenital abnormalities in our study group is similar to that seen in other population worldwide. Strikingly enough, consanguinity in our population appears to play a major associated risk factor.

Fetal occiput-spine angle during the first stage of labour for predictor of progress and outcome of labour at Tanta university hospital

Background: Labor dystocia (LD) is defined by the slow and abnormal progress of labor. Failure to progress in labor is the leading indication for 1ry cesarean delivery approximately 80% of American women will eventually have at least one child, and the majority of these women will undergo labor. “Labor dystocia” encompasses a variety of concepts, ranging from “abnormally” slow dilation of the cervix or descent of the fetus during active labor to entrapment of the fetal shoulders after delivery of the head.Aim and objectives: To assess the relation between the fetal occiput-spine angle measured through transabdominal ultrasound during 1st stage, progress and outcome of labor.Subjects and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 150 pregnant ladies. who were recruited from the labor and delivery ward at Tanta University Hospitals and Desouq general Hospital during the period of research from August 2021 to August 2022.Result: As regard cut off value of angle to predict complication in predicting labour outcome either NVD or CS at an angle ≤133 the sensitivity specificity, PPV, NPV of angle to predict complication were 66.67%, 56.59%, 20%, 91.2% respectively. There was significant relation between angle ≤126 or >126 regarding Cervix position, Head station, Mode of delivery, Fetal and maternal complications.Conclusion: Occiput –spinal angle is a good predictor of operative delivery. Fetuses with a smaller occiput-spine angle (<126°) have a higher risk of cesarean delivery. We also found that the best OSA is 133 and below this angle the complication increased.

Antenatal azithromycin to prevent preterm birth in pregnant women with vaginal cerclage: A randomized clinical trial.

To assess whether antenatal azithromycin given to pregnant women with vaginal cerclage can reduce preterm birth or not. We randomized 50 pregnant ladies who underwent cerclage at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in group A (receiving 500 mg Azithromycin oral tablets (Zithrokan®, Hikma, Egypt) one tablet orally twice daily for three days in 3 courses at 14th, 24th and 32nd week, plus usual antenatal care) and an identical group B (receiving usual antenatal care). Our primary outcome was gestational age at delivery, and secondary outcomes were birthweight, mode of delivery, and maternal, and perinatal complications. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with number: NCT04278937. Pregnancy was more prolonged in the Azithromycin group (delivery at 36.8 weeks vs 34.1 weeks; p=0.017). Also, a higher birthweight was observed in the Azithromycin group (2932.6 gm vs 2401.8 gm; p=0.006). No significant difference was found between the two groups as regards to other outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum pyrexia, need for blood transfusion). Adding antenatal azithromycin to women undergoing cerclage prolongs pregnancy and reduces the risk of preterm birth, with a slight increase in birthweight.

Correlation between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Malaria in Endemic Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To find a correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria in endemic areas and to identify any significant factors associated with them.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Pathology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Khuzdar, from Nov 2019 to Oct 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: People admitted with malaria from Khuzdar district, and surrounding areas were included in the study.Patients with the communication barrier were excluded. Patients with debilitating illness or pregnant ladies and those allergic to the drugs were also excluded from the study.&#x0D; Results: Total 203 people with a confirmed malarial diagnosis were enrolled. The age of participants ranged from 20-48 years,with a mean of 30.49±6.45 years. All the study participants had heard about malaria and had adequate knowledge about its mode of transmission. 84.3% patients had a positive attitude towards understanding disease as potentially life-threatening.70.9% patients had good practices about using anti-mosquito sprays, and 71.9% had good practices about using personal protective clothing. Our study showed that malaria prevention practice was significantly associated with endemic areas (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions: All the patients had adequate knowledge about malaria. Targeted interventions towards malaria prevention in endemic areas should be enhanced.&#x0D;

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 Mediated Depression, Therapeutics, and Consequences: A Comprehensive Narrative.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to emerging and reemerging diseases, which was first identified and reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the SARS virus, a β-coronavirus. The epidemiological studies suggest that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 mainly occurs from an infected person to others through close contact with the respiratory droplets or by having contact with SARS-CoV-2 adhering to objects and surfaces. The incubation period ranges from 5 to14 days. The symptoms include fever, dry cough, tiredness, aches, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, headache, difficulty in breathing or short breath, loss of taste, smell, rashes on the skin, and sore throat. Some reports indicated that males exhibited lower scores than females, the younger populations displayed increased symptoms, Chinese/Taiwanese people registered only scarce symptoms, and Canadians experienced more symptoms. The results of several studies suggested that while COVID-19 had a significant effect on depression, job instability affected anxiety and depression. The diagnostics to detect the presence of coronavirus involve ELISA and RT-PCR. There is no specific treatment available to eradicate COVID-19. The therapeutics used to treat COVID 19 exhibited severe side effects. Recently, some Indian traditional medicinal plants have shown promise in reducing the risk of viral infection and also boosting the immunity of an individual. This paper presents an overview of the current status of depression in the SARS CoV2 infected people and the measures required to overcome COVID-19 induced depression in patients even after recovery.