Morning Sickness Research Articles

PENGARUH AROMATERAPI PEPPERMINT TERHADAP PENURUNAN MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER 1 DI PUSKESMAS PAUH KAMBAR

The World Health Organization reported that the incidence of nausea and vomiting in women reached 12.5% ​​in the world with 0.3% in Sweden, 0.5% in California, 0.8% in Canada, 10.8% in China, 0.9% in Norway, 2.2% in Pakistan, 1.9% in Turkey, and in Indonesia reaching 50%-80%. Peppermint aromatherapy containing menthol (35-45%) and menthone (10%-30%) is useful as an antiemetic and antispasmodic on the lining of the stomach and intestines by inhibiting muscle contractions. The ability of peppermint leaves to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is thought to be related to the content of essential oils such as α-, β-pinenelimonene 1,8- cineole. This study aims to determine the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Pauh Kambar Health Center. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was 70 pregnant women in the first trimester. The number of samples taken was 15 people using purposive sampling technique. Data processing was done using Univariate and Bivariate using t-dependent analysis. The results of the study with the T test showed that there was an effect of peppermint aromatherapy on reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Pauh Kambar Health Center (p-value = 0.000 <a = 0.05). It can be concluded that there is an effect of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester at the Pauh Kambar Health Center.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) in Chinese pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study addresses the scarcity of research on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) in China. It aims to explore the current NVP status in the country using validated questionnaires, analyze associated factors, and provide a useful reference for future research. The study also compares results from different assessment tools.MethodsOnline questionnaires were utilized to gather data from 535 pregnant women across 24 provinces. Demographic, pregnancy, and NVP-related information were collected. NVP severity was assessed using Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) and the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (RINVR) scales. Ordinal logistic regression identified factors linked to NVP severity. Differences between PUQE and RINVR assessments were compared.ResultsNVP prevalence exceeded 90%, with 96.1% assessed by PUQE and 90.8% by RINVR. Incidence decreased from nausea to retching and vomiting. Severe NVP correlated with reduced gestational weight gain, younger age, fewer gestational weeks, and living in North (all P values < 0.05). There was moderate consistency between PUQE and RINVR assessments. The NVP prevalence assessed by the PUQE is higher than that assessed by the RINVR in the same population. However, the proportion of NVP levels above moderate assessed by RINVR is greater than that assessed by PUQE.ConclusionsNVP is highly prevalent among Chinese pregnant women, with nausea being predominant. RINVR assessments may be better able to identify severe NVP, thereby improving the low treatment rates for severe NVP.

EDUKASI PEMANFAATAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN MINT DALAM EMESIS GRAVIDARUM

Abstrak Emesis gravidarum merupakan hal yang wajar dan ditemukan pada lebih dari 70% ibu hamil. Kondisi ini tidak akan membahayakan janin dan bisa membaik dengan sendirinya seiring bertambahnya usia kehamilan. Banyak ibu hamil yang mulai sering merasa mual saat memasuki usia enam minggu kehamilan dan merasakan puncaknya pada minggu kesembilan. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan edukasi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pentingnya pemanfaatan air rebusan daun mint dalam mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil. Sangatlah penting melakukan penyuluhan dan edukasi ini sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi terjadinya emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan atau pendidikan kesehatan yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil di PMB Sri Gundarti Palembang berjumlah 12 orang. Media yang digunakan adalah leafleat yang berisikan tentang informasi rebusan daunt mint. Hasil dari penyuluhan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu yang sebelumnya saat pretest sebesar 64 %, setelah dilakukan penyuluhan mencapai 95%. hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebesar 31% dari penyuluhan materi tentang pentingnya rebusan daunt mint untuk mengurangi emesis gravidarum. Sebagai petugas kesehatan perlunya melakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat dan memberikan informasi yang akurat tentang pentingnya manfaa pemberian daun mint dengan sasaran yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan skill masyarakat dalam menangani permasalahan yang dihadapi semasa kehamilan. Kata Kunci : Edukasi, rebusan daun mint, emesis gravidarum Abstract Emesis gravidarum is natural and is found in more than 70% of pregnant women. This condition will not harm the fetus and can improve on its own as you get older in pregnancy. Many pregnant women begin to often feel nauseous when entering the age of six weeks of pregnancy and feel the peak in the ninth week. The purpose of this community service is to educate and increase mothers' knowledge about the importance of using mint leaf boiled water in reducing emesis. It is very important to conduct this counseling and education as an effort to prevent emesis gravidarum in pregnant women. The method of implementing activities is carried out by providing counseling or health education carried out to pregnant women at PMB Sri Gundarti Palembang totaling 12 people. The media used is leafleat which contains information on mint leaf decoction. The results of counseling showed an increase in maternal knowledge previously during the pretest by 64% After counseling, it reached 95%. This shows a 31% increase in material counseling on the importance of mint leaf decoction to reduce emesis gravidarum. As health workers, it is necessary to educate the public and provide accurate information about the importance of giving mint leaves with the right target so as to increase community knowledge and skills in dealing with problems faced during pregnancy. Keywords : Education, Mint Leaf Decoction, Emesis gravidarum

The Effect of Giving Warm Ginger in Reducing Emesis Gravidarum in 1st Trimester Pregnant Women

Due to an increase in the hormone estrogen and progesterone produced by Human Chronic Gonadotropin (HCG), which causes emesis gravidarum, during pregnancy, the mother experiences hormonal changes. This study means to decide the impact of giving warm ginger in diminishing emesis gravidarum in pregnant ladies in the principal trimester PMB Lilis Nurhasanah, S.ST., Keb., Bd. SKM 2024. This exploration utilizes a Semi Trial technique with a One Gathering Pretest Posttest plan. This study's participants were pregnant women in their first trimester who had emesis gravidarum at PMB Lilis Nurhasanah, S.ST., Keb., Bd. SKM upwards of 30 respondents. The examining strategy in this examination is Complete Testing. Shapiro-Wilk normality test analysis yielded sig data (0.05). The Wilcoxon test has a p-worth of 0.000, and that implies there is an impact of giving warm ginger in diminishing emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant ladies. This end shows that there is an impact of giving warm ginger in lessening emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant ladies at PMB Lilis Nurhasanah, S.ST., Keb., Bd. SKM 2024.

Terapi Non Farmakologi Terhadap Mual Muntah dan Hiperemesis Gravidarum Pada Ibu Hamil: a Literatur Review

The incidence of nausea and vomiting affects almost 50% to 80% of pregnant women and approximately 5% of pregnant women require treatment in the form of hospitalisation for fluid replacement and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Non-pharmacological therapy is needed as an alternative or complementary treatment if pharmacological therapy causes side effects. in some cases nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis gravidarum. This literature review aims to identify non-pharmacological therapies to help mothers overcome nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy. Five electronic databases were used for literature review research: PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct between 2014 and 2024. Of the 3,070 articles, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. This literature review provides evidence of non-pharmacological therapy methods that can be used as an alternative to treat nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women, namely oral therapy (ginger, mint leaves, and dates), inhalation therapy (lemon aromatherapy, lavender aromatherapy, and ginger aromatherapy) and therapy through massage (P6 acupressure and ST36 acupressure). The most frequently used and effective therapeutic methods for treating nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women are ginger therapy, lemon aromatherapy, and P6 acupressure.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ART THERAPY UPON STRESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY, BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

Background: Pregnancy is defined as the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo and later into foetus. Pregnancy usually lasts for 40 weeks, beginning from the 1st day of the womens last menstrual period and lasting for 3 months. The changes observed in the system from conception to pregnancy, are principally the following namely- amenorrhoea, morning sickness, fatigue, heart burn, increased salivary discharge, occasionally depravity of appetite , headache, irritability of temper, the pressure of increasing pregnancy, protrusion of umbilicus, sometimes, varicose, swellings of the lower extremities, the breast also enlarge, an areola or brown circle is observed around the nipples and a secretion of lymph, composed of milk and water takes place. There had been over 30 million women who have experienced pregnancy and 27 millions have live births in a whole year in India. It also has been estimated that about 21 million girls aged between 15-19 years in developing regions become pregnant and approximately 12 million of them give birth. Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. It usually happens when a person is in a situation that he or she do not feel like they can manage or control. Stress in pregnancy may lead to higher blood pressure. This puts the pregnant women at risk of serious increased blood pressure, called pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and having a low birth weight infant. Stress may also affect how someone respond to certain situations. There are various reasons which can results stress among pregnant woman. Methods: This chapter deals with the description of research methodology. It is most important in research as it is the framework in conducting study. It indicates general pattern for organizing the procedure together valid and reliable data for investigations. It includes research designs, population and sample, sampling technique, inclusion and exclusion criteria, instruments, data collection and methods of data collection procedure and data analysis plan. Results: Through this study we came to the conclusion that the maximum samples or the pregnant women had somewhat recovered from their increasing level of stress by the interventions of art therapy that was provided to them for fifteen days and also the mean value of the pretest and the post test score is 20.01 and 14.4, respectively.

ADMINISTRATION OF SALACCA ZALACCA FRUIT ON CHANGES IN HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN EMESIS GRAVIDARUM IN BANJARNEGARA DISTRICT

The consequences of emesis gravidarum are unbalanced nutritional intake, dehydration and anemia can occur during pregnancy. A non-pharmacological alternative to reduce nausea and increase hemoglobin levels is by consuming fresh salak fruit. The aim of the research is that salak fruit can increase the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women TM I. This type of research is quasi-experimental, pretest post test control group design. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting. The treatment in the intervention group was consumption of 100 mg salak fruit plus 30 mg vitamin B6 per day for 10 days and the control group received 30 mg vitamin B6 plus counseling about nutrition for pregnant women in the first trimester. Before the intervention was given, hemoglobin was measured and on day 11 it was measured again. .Statistical test with paired t test analysis and independent t test. The results were that there was an average change in hemoglobin levels in the intervention group, namely 0.041 mmHg, while there was no change in the control group. Research shows that 100 mg of salak fruit given for 10 days can increase Hb by 0.41 gr%.

Нудота та блювання під час вагітності: огляд сучасних можливостей

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are the most frequent and characteristic symptoms of pregnancy for the first trimester that potentially may cause substantial negative consequences for the physical and emotional health of a woman. According to various studies, from 50 to 90% of women suffer from NVP. Usually, the symptoms of NVP begin at 5-6 weeks after the last menstrual period and disappear in most cases by the 16th-20th week of pregnancy, but sometimes they persist and may be observed until the third trimester, and in rare cases - even until childbirth. The doctor's main task in providing assistance to a pregnant woman with NVP is the timely application of an adequate treatment strategy, both effective and safe for a mother and a fetus, as well as ensuring the highest achievable life quality for a woman. The aim of this article is to analyze modern management opportunities for pregnant women with NVP, including an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment strategies, for a comprehensive understanding of the NVP problem and the main principles and ways for solving it. This review is based on national guidelines (updated Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG) Green-top clinical guideline 2024, Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) Guideline 2016), the results of various studies, and review articles (database of the Cochrane Library, UpToDate, EMBASE, MEDLINE). Conclusion: a combination of pyridoxine and doxylamine can be prescribed for the prevention of NVP since the diagnosis of pregnancy in a high-risk group of women. In case of already existing symptoms of NVP, the objective assessment of complaints, as well as a response to the prescribed therapy, are facilitated by the unified scales. In most cases, lifestyle modification and first-line drug therapy effectively reduce the severity of NVP symptoms and improve a woman's quality of life. In case of insufficient response, other drugs are added to the treatment regimen, including second and third-line drugs, with a consideration of possible drug interactions. Some patients might need admission, and in addition to antiemetic therapy, they might need intravenous rehydration, electrolyte balance restoration, and thromboprophylaxis. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome: An Underrecognized Cause of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

Introduction: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is characterized by refractory and recurrent nausea and vomiting in birthing people with chronic cannabis use and is emerging as an increasingly common diagnosis in patients who present to the emergency department. The objective of this retrospective case series was to describe presentation, management and outcomes of CHS during pregnancy. Methods: Patients were identified by the investigator at two tertiary care centers in Kansas City from January 2019 to October 2021. Patients were included if (1) intrauterine pregnancy (2) refractory and recurrent nausea and vomiting without acute cause, and (3) documented chronic cannabis use which preceded symptom onset were noted. The study was approved by the UMKC IRB (#308059). Results: Twelve patients were identified who met inclusion criteria, ranging in age from 17 to 32 years (mean 23.2 ± 4.5). Eleven patients reported daily cannabis use. The mean number of emergency department visits during pregnancy for nausea and vomiting was 8.9 (± 7.1). Patients presented at a wide range of gestational ages, between 4 and 37 weeks (mean 19.6 ± 9.8). Compulsive hot water bathing for symptom relief was documented in 33% of cases (4 of 12). The rate of fetal growth restriction in this series was 44% (4 of 9). Despite counseling, only one patient successfully discontinued cannabis use. Conclusions: CHS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Patients who meet criteria should be counseled about cannabis cessation as part of treatment recommendations.

Understanding maternal Ethnomedical Folklore in Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study of herbal remedies for managing Postpartum hemorrhage, inducing uterine contractions and abortion in Najjembe sub-county, Buikwe district

Pregnant women in rural Uganda largely rely on medicinal plants for inducing labor, treating postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and inducing abortion. 90% of the women in both rural and urban Uganda use plants to manage pregnancy symptoms like constipation, heartburn, morning sickness, body aches, nausea, and vomiting. After delivery women continue using plants to manage postpartum complications and for infant care especially herbal baths. This study documented how ethnomedical folklore has been used to aid childbirth, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and induce abortion.MethodsA cross-sectional ethnobotanical survey was conducted from May – December 2023 in Najjemebe sub-county, Buikwe district. 206 respondents from 12 villages were selected using snowball sampling. Key informants included Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and herbalists. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Voucher specimens of the plants were identified and authenticated at Makerere University Herbarium. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Informant Consensus factor (ICF), Use Reports (URs), paired comparisons, and GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0 software.ResultsAll respondents (N = 206, 100%), used plants to induce labour, treat PPH, and induce abortion. One hundred four plant species were documented: most cited or preferred were: Hoslundia opposita (N = 109, 53%), Phytolacca dodecandra (N = 72, 35%), and Commelina erecta (N = 47, 23%). The plants belonged to 49 families, Lamiaceae (16.3%) and Fabaceae (14.3%) having the majority of the species. Herbs were 42 (40%) and trees 23 (22%). Oral administration 95(72%) was the commonest, then topical 19 (14.4%) and vaginal 14(10.6%).ConclusionHealth surveys revealed that about 27% of deliveries in Uganda take place outside a health facility. Due to the oxytocic effects of plant species reported in this study, they play a triple role of being uterotonics, abortifacients, and treating postpartum haemmorhage. The dilemma lies in the unknown dosages and toxicity levels that could endanger both the mother’s and the unborn child’s lives. Due to Uganda’s high rates of population growth, overall fertility, maternal mortality, and morbidity, policies, and programmes on gendered health provision need to be reevaluated. Integrating herbal medicine into health care systems appears to be a feasible solution.

Aromaterapi Lavender Untuk Mengurangi Intesitas Mual Muntah Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Alung

In the first trimester of pregnancy, expectant mothers may experience nausea and vomiting, known as emesis gravidarum. Nausea and vomiting occur in 60% to 80% of primigravida mothers and 40% to 60% of multigravida mothers. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area. The study design was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of all pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area from June to December 2022, totaling 76 people. The sample for this study consisted of 15 individuals, selected through random sampling. The research instrument used the PUQE Score to assess the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The results showed that lavender aromatherapy had an effect on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area, with a P-value of 0.000 (P-value &lt; 0.005). It is hoped that first-trimester pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting can implement lavender aromatherapy as an effort to reduce these symptoms.

Development Studies on Treatment of Vomiting and Nausea: Bibliometrical Analysis from the Years 1946-2024

Nausea is the most common thing in pregnancy that is a symptom of discomfort that occurs in the early stages of pregnancies. This event has a considerable physical, social and psychological impact on women. The emotional and physical impact includes feelings of anxiety about the possibility of affecting the fetus. Research on the implementation of vomiting nausea in pregnancy found as many as 3030 articles, taken from the Pubmed database between 1875 and 2024. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis is to find out the research trends, the most widely used keywords, the journal of the most publishers, the author's instance and the country of collaboration of the author of the article. The keywords most commonly used by the authors are human, female, pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, vomiting, nausea, treatment outcome. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ranks first as the most widely published journal on Treatment vomiting and nausea, with a total of 144 articles. The highest affiliation of authors is from the University of Amsterdam and the Université de Californie, which have a total of 75 authors in common. The University of Toronto is in the next position with 64 authors, followed by the university of Cambridge with 70 authors. Multiple Country Publications (MCP) and Single Country Publication (SCP) collaborations are from the United States, China and Canada.

In-utero and newborn factors and thyroid cancer incidence in adult women in the Sister Study cohort.

10560 Background: Thyroid cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer in women globally, with 90% of cases classified as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Currently, thyroid cancer etiology remains largely unknown, with childhood exposure to ionizing radiation and obesity among the few established modifiable risk factors. Considering that DTC is diagnosed at relatively younger ages compared to many other cancers, with higher incidence in females versus males, the current study aimed to investigate in-utero and newborn exposures in relation to adult female DTC incidence. Methods: From the Sister Study, a cohort of sisters of women with breast cancer living in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico), we included 47810 women who were cancer-free at baseline (2003–2009). At baseline, participants provided information on their birth and newborn characteristics, and characteristics of their parents before and during pregnancy. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we assessed the association between in-utero and newborn factors and self-reported DTC incidence during follow-up. The models were adjusted for attained age (timescale), race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, personal history of benign thyroid disease, educational level, household annual income, and Area Deprivation Index. Results: The median age at baseline of the study population was 55.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 48.9-62.1). During follow-up (median: 13.1 years, IQR: 11.5-15), 233 women were diagnosed with DTC, with medical records available for 72% of cases. Factors associated with a higher incidence of DTC included gestational hypertension or hypertension-related disorders (15 exposed cases, HR= 1.87, 95%CI 1.10-3.16), and higher birth weight (for every additional kilogram HR=1.13, 95%CI 1.00-1.27). The HR for maternal pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes was 2.33 (5 exposed cases, 95%CI 0.96-5.67). Conversely, being born at least two weeks before the due date was associated with a lower incidence (6 exposed cases, HR=0.35, 95%CI 0.15-0.79). These associations remained consistent when restricting to advanced-stage and large-sized DTCs. We observed no associations for participants’ birth order, time since last pregnancy of the participants' mother, multiple versus singleton birth, ever having been breastfed, parental smoking during pregnancy or age at delivery, maternal morning sickness, or paternal diabetes. Conclusions: In this study, maternal diabetes, maternal hypertension, and birth weight were associated with higher female DTC incidence while being born at least two weeks before the due date was associated with lower DTC incidence. These findings provide evidence that in-utero and newborn exposures may have a long-term influence on thyroid cancer development.

Quantification of the emesis scale (puqe-24) through giving ginger wedding to 1st trimester pregnant women

Nausea, vomiting or morning sickness is the most common symptom experienced in early pregnancy due to an imbalance in the hormones estrogen and progesterone. To determine the quantification of the emesis scale (PUQE-24) before being given Wedang Ginger at the Fina Sembing Clinic in Medan in 2023. To determine the quantification of the emesis scale (PUQE-24) after being given Wedang Ginger. To analyze and determine the effect of giving Wedang Ginger to reduce emesis gravidarum in Pregnant Women in the 1st Trimester. Using a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest posttest design that has treatment. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, namely 10 respondents with all respondents given treatment, while the sample was taken from the entire population. The data analysis used in this research is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The research showed that pregnant women in the first trimester who experienced emesis gravidarum before and after giving ginger tea had a p value = 0.003 &lt; 0.05, indicating that Ho would be rejected and Ha would be accepted. Conclusion: there is an effect of giving ginger tea to reduce emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Fina Sembiring Clinic, Medan. It is hoped that health workers can apply ginger tea to pregnant women in the first trimester who experience nausea and vomiting as an additional therapy to accompany conventional medicine for pregnant women.

Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Perinatal Women in Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Introduction The perinatal period is a critical time in a woman's life. The impact of perinatal mental disorders includes new evidence of an increase in their prevalence among young pregnant women. Perinatal mental disorders are one of the most common and undertreated morbidities. Early detection of perinatal mental illness may be supported by evidence on risk factors. Our study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression and to determine the association between them. Materials and Methods A prospective observational questionnaire-based study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital for a duration of 6 months. With random sampling, 741 participants were recruited for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. Results The prevalence of perinatal anxiety and depression was found to be 48.5 and 32.2%, respectively. We discovered a substantial link between perinatal depression and anxiety, with an odds ratio of 3.9. The predictors are gestational age, postpartum age, comorbid conditions, morning sickness, sleep disturbance, sleep duration, loss of appetite, loss of interest in their favorite food, type of family, and presence of risk in their pregnancy. Conclusion Early screening and intervention may drastically and significantly reduce mental disorders existing in the pregnant population. So as health care professionals, we suggest that screening and counseling for depression and anxiety could be included as routine processes in antenatal care.

The clinical effectiveness of ginger compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum: Systematic review

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum refers to an extreme condition of nausea and vomiting that occurs during pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting that harm the mother differ from morning sickness, commonly experienced in early trimester pregnant women. Approximately 14.8% of pregnancies experience symptoms of nausea and vomiting, with occurrence rates ranging from 60-80% among first-time mothers (primigravidas) and 40-60% among women who have had multiple pregnancies (multigravidas). These symptoms become more severe in one in a thousand pregnancies. Purpose: This study aimed to systematically review Ginger's effectiveness compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. Method: This is a systematic review of three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Willey online library). The PRISMA-ScR protocol was employed in this research review, utilizing a Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework. The population is first-trimester pregnant women who experience Hyperemesis gravidarum using a completely original research article comparing Ginger and vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. Results: A significant statistical distinction was observed between the Ginger and the vitamin B6 group concerning the nausea score (mean difference 0.63, CI -0.10-1.35) and vomiting score (mean difference 0.42, CI -0.13, 0.98). Conclusion: Based on the research results, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of giving Ginger compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. However, the analysis showed that the average score of giving Ginger was lower than vitamin B6. The lower the nausea or vomiting score, the better the effect of the intervention. Suggestion: Health workers (doctors and midwives) can use Ginger as an alternative to reduce hyperemesis gravidarum during early pregnancy.

Aromatherapy vs. Acupressure for Pregnancy Nausea Efficacy

Nausea and vomiting afflict many pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester, prompting interest in non-pharmacological remedies like citrus lemon aromatherapy and PC6 acupressure massage. Yet, comparative studies on their effectiveness remain scarce. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of these interventions in reducing nausea and vomiting among first-trimester pregnant women with emesis gravidarum. Using a quasi-experimental design, two groups of participants received either citrus lemon aromatherapy or PC6 acupressure massage. The PUQE-24 scale measured symptoms before and after the interventions. Results indicated significant reductions in symptoms for both groups (p &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference in effectiveness between the interventions (p = 0.465). These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological therapies to alleviate pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, suggesting their integration into prenatal care practices for improved maternal well-being. Highlight: Non-drug Relief: Citrus lemon aromatherapy and PC6 acupressure massage. First-Trimester Aid: Efficacy for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Equal Effectiveness: Aromatherapy versus acupressure for symptom reduction. Keyword: Nausea, vomiting, pregnancy, aromatherapy, acupressure

Perbedaan Inhalasi Essential Oil Lemon dan Oral Lemon terhadap Penurunan Frekuensi Mual Muntah pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Pertama

Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness), experienced by around 70–80% of pregnant women, is a phenomenon that often occurs at 5–12 weeks of gestation. Lemon is one of the herbal oils that is a safe medicine against morning sickness in pregnant women. The population of this study was composed of first-trimester pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Prior to the intervention in the oral lemon control group, there were seven respondents (28.0%) with a frequency of nausea and vomiting &gt; 4, then 12 respondents (48.0%) with a frequency of &lt;4 and no nausea, as well as six respondents (24.0%). After intervention in the oral lemon control group, there were five respondents (20.0%) with a frequency of nausea and vomiting &gt; 4, then 14 respondents (56.0%) with a frequency of &lt;4 and no nausea, and as many as six respondents (24.0%). Before the intervention, a p-value &lt;0.001 was obtained in the control group. In the group, after being given the intervention, the p-value was &lt;0.001. Whereas in the oral lemon control group, the p-value was &lt;0.001 before the intervention, and after being given the oral lemon intervention, the p-value was &lt;0.001. The research was conducted in the Ananda Clinic Work Area, Semarang Regency. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of giving lemon aromatherapy inhalation on morning sickness in pregnant women.

SELF-EFFICACY IN MOTHERS WITH EMESIS GRAVIDARUM

The prevalence of emesis gravidarum cases in the world is estimated to reach 85% while in Indonesia it reaches 50-90% (Prawirohardjo, 2010). The high incidence of emesis gravidarum cases results in discomfort and decreased quality of life. This study aims to determine the self-efficacy of pregnant women in overcoming symptoms of nausea and vomiting before and after being given prenatal education interventions. Research design: quasi experiment with one group pre-posttest design. The sample size in this study amounted to 30 respondents (pregnant women) in the first trimester with emesis gravidarum in the Pulmbon Health Center working area in 2021. The research instrument was a questionnaire to measure the level of self-efficacy. Data analysis using the T test. Research results: the majority of self-efficacy levels before prenatal education were in the low category (86.7%), and after the intervention, the high level dominated (56.7%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that prenatal education intervention has a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of pregnant women in overcoming the symptoms of emesis gravidarum (α=0.001 &lt;0.005). Conclusion: Self-efficacy of mothers with emesis gravidarum has increased after being given prenatal education. More sample size needed in future research.

Correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and body weight of first-trimester pregnant women

Background: Nausea and vomiting early in pregnancy are experienced by around 70-80% of pregnant women. If nausea and vomiting occur too often, it will become a pathological condition called hyperemesis gravidarum. Many factors trigger hyperemesis gravidarum, necessitating more in-depth research regarding the risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum and their impact on the weight of pregnant women in the first trimester. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and the body weight of first-trimester pregnant women in East Jakarta. Methods: A quantitative study employing descriptive analysis and a cross-sectional case-control method was conducted, including 84 first-trimester respondents selected using targeted sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using questionnaires, and data analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: There is a significant relationship between the risk factor variables for severe morning sickness, namely age, occupation, history of vomiting, anemia, and the outcome, which is the measurement of pregnant women’s weight. Conclusions: There is a relationship between age, occupation, pregnancy, history of vomiting, anemia, and mild stress with the results of weight measurement of pregnant women in the first 3 months of pregnancy.