Pregnancy Outcomes In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Are anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, and pregnancy outcome associated with pica behavior?

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between pica and anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. This study was a prospective study carried out between January 2016 and June 2017 and was performed on 226 pregnant women who attended four different health care centers to receive routine prenatal care. Sampling was done considering the inclusion criteria, in two steps: cluster sampling and random sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made checklist. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. The average age of the participants was 26.10±6.27. The prevalence of pica in pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters was 9.3, 8, and 2.1%, respectively. The most common pica craving among pregnant women was for ice and frozen materials (68.2%). There was a statistically significant relationship between gastrointestinal disorders and anemia with pica (p < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between birth weights of babies born to mothers with pica and those without pica (p = 0.005). Pica in pregnant women had a significant relationship with gastrointestinal disorders and anemia during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Thus, in addition to providing healthcare services, health care professionals should consider patients' pica practices and make the necessary interventions.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 and perinatal outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND AIM:Given the prevalence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the lack of information on coronavirus and pregnancy, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In the present review article, the search process was conducted on English and Persian scientific databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedx, and SID as well as the websites of international organizations of World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the main keywords of “Pregnancy,” “Perinatal outcomes,” “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” “MERS-CoV,” “MERS,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “SARS-CoV-1” and their Persian-equivalent keywords from inception until March 16 2020.RESULTS:The findings of studies on mothers with COVID-19 were limited, and insufficient information is available on the adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. In cases of infection with other coronaviruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome during pregnancy, there have been reports on adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, low birth weight, and congenital malformations following high fever in the first trimester.CONCLUSION:Pregnant women may be more susceptible to viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, due to immunological and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women should take routine preventive measures, such as washing their hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected people, to prevent infection.

Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women Referred to Kosar Hospital.

The hypothesis of a protective effect of fish oil supplementation in preventing some consequences of pregnancy such as gestational hypertension is put forward which has attracted increasing attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil supplementation on outcomes of pregnancy. This study was a clinical trial performed on 339 women with singleton pregnancy aged 18-35 and gestational age of 20 weeks who visited prenatal clinic at Kosar Hospital in Qazvin during 2015-2016. Patients were randomly divided into two groups marked as intervention group which received soft gelatin capsules (each containing 1000 mg fish oil including 120 mg DHA and 180 mg EPA) on a daily basis from the 20th week to the end of pregnancy, and the women in the control group with no fish oil intake. The outcomes of pregnancy including preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm labor, gestational diabetes, weight, height, head circumference at birth and the gestational age at delivery were evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Mann-Whitney U test and t-test. There was significant difference in gestational age between the two study groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of preterm birth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, IUGR, and GDM between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of this study showed that consumption of fish oil supplements from 20th week of gestation by 18-35 year-old pregnant women increased pregnancy age but failed to decrease the percentage of preterm birth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, IUGR, and GDM.

干预治疗对妊娠期亚临床甲减妊娠结局的影响

干预治疗对妊娠期亚临床甲减妊娠结局的影响

17: Determinants of pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with a short cervix

Short cervical length in mid-gestation is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). We sought to determine whether measurement of compounds in vaginal secretions, coupled with composition of the vaginal microbiome, would improve the ability to predict which women are most at risk for SPTB. Cervical length was measured by ultrasonography in 568 women at 18-24 weeks gestation at three hospitals in Brazil. Vaginal microbiome composition was determined by analysis of the V1-V3 region of the gene coding for bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Quantification of the D- and L-lactic acid isomers, TIMP-1 and MMP-8 in vaginal secretions were by ELISA. Differences between women with a short or normal cervix were evaluated by mean ± SD, median (p25-p75), Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Eighty-one (14.3%) women with a cervical length ≤25 mm were compared with 487 women whose cervix was >25 mm. L. crispatus was the numerically dominant bacterium in 33.3% and 43.1% of women with a short or normal cervix, respectively. Conversely, L. iners and Gardnerella vaginalis were dominant in 38.3% and 18.5% of women with a short cervix vs. 31.0% and 10.9% of those with a cervix >25mm. The difference in G. vaginalis dominance was significant (p=0.050). Vaginal levels of TIMP-1 were highest (p=0.018) and D-lactic acid levels were lowest (p< 0.001) in women with a short cervix. In women with a short cervix, levels of TIMP-1, MMP-8 and D- and L-lactic acid differed depending on whether L. crispatus, L. iners or G. vaginalis was dominant (p< 0.007). The concentrations of TIMP-1 and MMP-8 were lowest, and D-lactic acid was highest when L. crispatus was the dominant bacterium. The mean gestational age at birth was lower in women with a short cervix compared to women with a cervical length >25mm (p=0.033) and the rate of SPTB was higher (p=0.086). The combination of low D-lactic acid and high TIMP-1 concentrations in vaginal secretions identify women with a cervix ≤25mm whose vaginal microbiome is not dominated by L. crispatus and who are at increased risk for SPTB.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Analysis of adverse pregnancy outcomes and related factors in pregnant women with syphilis infection in Guangxi of China, 2014-2018

Objective: To analyze the status and related factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with syphilis infection in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods: A total of 9378 pregnant women with syphilis infection who were diagnosed by Guangxi medical and health care institutions at all levels and were registered in the national "Management information system for mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B" . The delivery date of these pregnant women were from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018, and their demographic characteristics, treatment, non-treponema pallidum titer, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. Results: The age of the pregnant women with syphilitic infection was (30.05±6.07) years old. There were 1 184 cases with an adverse pregnancy outcome. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 12.63%, and 83.30% (7 812 cases) of patients received syphilis treatment, of which 50.32% (3 931 cases) were treated with standard treatment. The results of multivariate analysis showed that, the probability of an adverse pregnancy outcome for a 35-year-old was higher than those of the <25 year old [OR (95%CI)=1.37(1.13-1.67)]. The possibility of the occurrence of an adverse pregnancy outcome in 1-2 times of delivery was lower than that of 0 times of delivery in the past, with the OR (95%CI) value was 0.81 (0.70-0.94). Compared with those who tested for syphilis in the early stages of pregnancy, patients with gestational weeks ≥ 28 weeks of initial examination were more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the OR (95%CI) value was 1.54 (1.26-1.88). Compared with the first test titer level was <1:8, the probability of an adverse pregnancy outcome was higher in the titer of ≥1:8, with the OR (95%CI) value was 1.33 (1.12-1.57). There was a higher probability of an adverse pregnancy outcome in the untreated patients compared to the treatment of the syphilitic, with the OR (95%CI) value was 1.41(1.19-1.68). Patients with unregulated treatment were more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes than those with standardized treatment, with the OR (95%CI) value was 1.27 (1.09-1.47). Conclusion: Gestational weeks of first examination in pregnant women with syphilis infection, the first test titer, and the treatment condition were closely related to the occurrence of the adverse pregnancy outcome. Pregnant women with syphilis infection without treatment and unstandardized treatment were more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes than those of treatment and standardized treatment.

Pregnancy Outcomes among Obese Pregnant Women with Varying Levels of Vitamin D in King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A Single-center Retrospective Study.

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a global issue. Despite its high prevalence, the optimal level of vitamin D among pregnant women is not well established. On the other hand, multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes have been strongly associated with vitamin D deficiency.ObjectivesTo identify the potential effect varying levels of vitamin D have on maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis is a non-intervention retrospective record review conducted on pregnant women who delivered in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018. Data were collected from their hospital electronic files and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) version 24. A p-value of <0.05 is used to calculate statistical significance.ResultsA total of 9095 pregnant women had delivered in the last five years, 137 of these pregnant women had vitamin D measurement during their pregnancy. Out of 137, 99 were deficient, 20 optimal, 11 therapeutic, and two excess. A total of 97 (70.8%) were Saudis and 40 (29.2%) were non-Saudis. The majority of pregnant women in obese class 1 and 2 were deficient with 99 cases, while obese class 3 was mostly those with optimal levels. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, those with vitamin D deficiency had the majority of undesired antepartum, neonatal, and postpartum outcomes. Placenta previa, endometritis, poor APGAR scores, birth defects, intrauterine fetal demise, low birthweight, and macrosomia were significantly associated with abnormal vitamin D levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough vitamin D optimum level during pregnancy is not known, pregnant women with deficient levels appeared to have more serious risks to develop adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, early screening during prenatal visit or antenatal for vitamin D level with vitamin D supplementations is important to reduce these negative pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women with deficient levels.

Role of cell free microRNA-19a and microRNA-19b in gestational diabetes mellitus patients.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women and it's prevalence is increasing worldwide. A total 100 cases of GDM and 100 healthy controls were included in a study and blood samples were collected in plain vials from all study participant. Difference among several variables which included BMI, glycemia, insulinaemia, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urinary albumin were compared between GDM cases and controls and were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Additionally, GDM cases showed 4.0 fold increase in miRNA-19a and 4.7 mean increase in miRNA-19b expression compared to healthy control individuals. A positive correlation was observed between miRNA-19a and miRNA-19b among GDM cases. However the correlation coefficient was 0.13 between miRNA-19a and miRNA-19b. This suggested that with the increase in miRNA-19a, miRNA-19b also increased. The findings of this study concludes that an increase in microRNA-19a and microRNA-19b is observed in GDM cases and could be linked with increased risk factor for worsening of the disease. MicroRNA-19a and 19b have been linked to alcoholism and smoking and could also be the factors in GDM.

Use of labor induction with dinoprostone vaginal suppositories in pregnant women with gestational hypertension

Gestational hypertension is a common disorder of pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of labor induction with dinoprostone vaginal suppositories (Propess) on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. The retrospective study included 375 patients with gestational hypertension. All patients were included into three groups according to the characteristics at admission. Women who had initiated labor spontaneously at admission were enrolled in Spontaneous labor group. According to Bishop score, other patients underwent labor induction with Propess or oxytocin were enrolled in Propess group or Oxytocin group. Demographic information and perinatal outcome data were collected. The vaginal delivery rate of the women with gestational hypertension was respectively 93.5% (Spontaneous labor group), 77.0% (Propess group), and 52.5% (Oxytocin group) in three groups with significant difference (P < 0.001). The duration of labor was 8.29 ± 3.70 h (Spontaneous labor group), 8.45 ± 5.21 h (Propess group) and 12.37 ± 11.47 h (Oxytocin group) in three groups, respectively. No differences were found in the intrapartum fever (P = 0.588), intrapartum hemorrhage (P = 0.953), intrapartum maximum blood pressure (P = 0.301 and P = 0.535) and post-partum hemorrhage (P = 0.075) among three groups. Neonatal outcomes were similar among three groups (Neonatal hospitalization rate, P = 0.437; 1-min Apgar score, P = 0.304; 5-min Apgar score, P = 0.340; Birth weight, P = 0.089). No poor maternal and neonatal outcomes occurred. Pregnant women with gestational hypertension could have favorable pregnancy outcomes. Using Propess as a mode of labor induction in gestational hypertension is safe and effective, without increasing intrapartum blood pressure and inducing poor pregnancy outcomes.

Levothyroxine treatment and pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the benefits of LT4 treatment on pregnancy outcomes in SCH women. PubMed [including Medline], Web of Science, Wiley, Google Scholar, Science direct and Scopus were searched for identifying and retrieving all English articles published up to May 2018 on the effects of levothyroxine treatment on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with SCH compared to untreated or healthy controls. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, both fixed and random effect models were applied to estimate the pooled effect size. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using the I-squared (I2) and Begg's statistics, respectively. We also explored heterogeneity sources using meta-regression models and sensitivity analysis. Data of 13 cohort studies and randomized controlled trials with a total of 11,503 participants were analyzed. This meta-analysis showed that pregnant women with SCH treated with levothyroxine had lower chances of pregnancy loss (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.94; I2 = 0%) and higher chances for live birth rates (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.44-5.11; I2 = 25%) than the placebo group. Compared to euthyroid women, SCH patients treated with levothyroxine had higher odds ratio for preterm labor (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14-2.91; I2 = 0%). Results of this study showed that the effects of treatment with levothyroxine in SCH pregnant women are not the same for all pregnancy outcomes. Levothyroxine treatment in these patients can reduce pregnancy loss. Considering the limited number of studies available, further studies are warranted to document more precise data on other consequences.

Pregnancy outcomes in Pregnant Women for the First Time after the Age of Thirty Five Years

Background: The elderly primigravida is defined as a woman who delivered fetus for the first time at the age of 35 years or older. Progressively, this has become more common in our contemporary society and traditionally such pregnancy is regarded as high risk. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes in elderly primigravidae aged 35 years and above with young primigravidae aged < 35 years at time of delivery. Patients & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at Zagazig University, maternity Hospital between 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. The sample size was 250 women; they were 120 primigravida women aged 35years and above at time of delivery (Elderly porimigravidae group) and 130 young primigravidae (control group) aged < 35 years at time of delivery who delivered during the same period in the same hospital. Results: women aged 35 years and over had a higher prevalence of associated medical disorders as diabetes mellitus, hypertension. The indication for ceasarean section was preeclampsia, followed by malpresentation and fetal distress. The most frequent pregnancy complications were preeclampsia, gestational DM and preterm labor. The incidence of low birth weight was higher among neonate borne to older mother. NICU admission increase with elderly primigravida. Conclusions: Elderly Primigravida are at an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension/Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, malpresentaion, multiple pregnancy and ceasarean section than the younger primigravida, it suugested that the early booking and extra obstetric alterneess shall improve the pregnancy outcomes in this category .

Current status of uterine rupture: a multi-center survey in China

Objective: To investigate the current status of uterine rupture in pregnant women in China and analyze the impacts of different surgical histories on the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with uterine rupture. Methods: The clinical records and pregnancy outcomes of 84 uterine rupture cases were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All cases came from 21 hospitals of 13 provinces (or municipality) in China, dated from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015. The total deliveries were 283 614 during the period. For 84 pregnant women with symptomatic uterine rupture, the impacts of different surgical histories on pregnancy outcomes were compared and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) Totally, 84 cases of uterine rupture were with symptoms and diagnosed. The median age, median gestational age were 32.5 years old (23.0-44.0 years old) and 35.7 weeks (9.3-41.0 weeks), respectively. The incidence of uterine rupture was 0.03% (84/283 614). The proportion of patients with cesarean section history was 66.7% (56/84). The proportion of patients with other gynecological surgery history was 20.2% (17/84). (2)Compared with the group of cesarean section history, the group with other gynecological surgery history had a significant increase in complete uterine rupture (16/17 vs 66.1%, P<0.05). Meanwhile, regarding the massive blood transfusion (red blood cell transfusion≥1 000 ml) in the treatment of uterine rupture, patients with other gynecological surgery history had significant more cases than the group with cesarean section history (9/17 vs 23.2%, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference for the other outcomes. Compared with the patients with cesarean section history, the rate of hysterectomy was higher in the group without major surgery history when uterine rupture happened (4/11 vs 7.1%, P<0.05). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage significantly increased in patients without major surgery history, compared with those with cesarean section (8/11 vs 28.6%, P<0.05). There were no statistic difference for other outcomes. (3) Patients with uterine rupture in the non-abdominal pain group had a significantly increased risk of massive blood transfusion (5/8 vs 27.6%, P<0.05),and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (4/7 vs 22.2%, P<0.05) were significantly increased. There were no significant difference between two groups regarding the other outcomes, such as preoperative diagnosis, complete rupture of uterus, hysterectomy, postpartum hemorrhage, shock, intrauterine fetal death or neonatal death, admission to neonatal ICU. Conclusions: In addition to considering cesarean section history as one of the known risk factors, patients with non-cesarean section uterine surgery history should also be considered. The management of these patients should be strengthened during their pregnancy and delivery. There might be much more dangerous maternal and neonatal outcomes for the patients with uterine rupture who does not have any abdominal pain during pregnancy and delivery. To reduce the incidence of severe complications, uterine rupture should be diagnosed earlier. The early recognition and diagnosis of uterine rupture helps to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The effect of oral micronized progesterone on first trimester screening test markers and neonatal outcome

Objective: It was aimed to investigate whether or not nuchal translucency(NT) thickness, maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A(PAPP-A) levels may affected by the use of oral micronized progesterone(OMP) in first trimester pregnancies. Also we aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcome in pregnant women using OMP. Method: This study was performed retrospectively including 1192 pregnant women, between January 2015 and August 2017. Body mass index(BMI), maternal and gestational age, levels of maternal serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG, NT measurement and the crown–rump length(CRL), fetal sex, fetal birth weight, Apgar score 5thminute<7 and admission to neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) were evaluated. Results: Maternal characteristics, ultrasound and biochemical parameters, fetal characteristics and neonatal outcome were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference for maternal age, BMI, gestational age, PAPP-A, β-hCG, CRL, NT thickness, fetal sex, fetal birth weight, Apgar score 5th minute <7 and the number of admission to NICU during the first 28 days. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in clinical practice, 1) it seems that using OMP cannot affect on NT, CRL and birth weight. 2) OMP cannot adversely affect on production of PAPP-A and β-hCG in vivo. 3) NT, serum PAPP-A and β-hCG levels and MoM values, which are markers of the first trimester screening test, do not change by using OMP. Therefore using OMP cannot affect reliability of the first trimester screening test in pregnancy with threatened abortion. 4) OMP does not look like adversely affect on poor neonatal outcome.

Treatment with the long-acting insulin analog degludec during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: An observational study of 22 cases

AimTo report glycemic control and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes on insulin degludec. MethodsTwenty-two women with type 1 diabetes on degludec from conception to delivery between 2014 and 2018 were compared with 51 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes on glargine. ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable, however HbA1c was higher at median 9 (range 5–19) weeks in women on degludec compared to women on glargine (6.9% (5.7–8.7); (52 (39–72) mmol/mol) versus 6.4% (5.1–10.1); (46 (32–87) mmol/mol), p = 0.04). HbA1c was similar in late pregnancy (6.3% (5.6–7.1); (45 (38–54) mmol/mol) versus 6.1% (5.2–9.0); (43 (33–75) mmol/mol), p = 0.28). The prevalence of severe hypoglycemia was 3 (14%) versus 6 (12%), p = 1.00 during pregnancy and 0 versus 1, p = 1.00 during hospital admittance after delivery. Most women on degludec used one daily injection in early (20 (91%) versus 25 (49%), p = 0.001) and late pregnancy (21 (96%) versus 19 (37%), p < 0.001). No significant differences in obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were found between the groups. Maternal hospital admittance after delivery was 2 (1–5) versus 3 (2–11) days (p = 0.004). ConclusionsGlycemic control in late pregnancy, severe hypoglycemia during and immediately after pregnancy as well as pregnancy outcome were comparable in women on degludec or glargine. Degludec initiated preconceptionally may be continued in pregnancy.

Relationships between Pregnancy Stress, Depression, and Pregnancy Outcome in Pregnant Women

Relationships between Pregnancy Stress, Depression, and Pregnancy Outcome in Pregnant Women

Effect of L-thyroxine on pregnancy outcome, fetal and serum levels of hCG and SOD in pregnant women with hypothyroidism

Objective To investigate the effect of L-thyroid hormone on pregnancy outcome, fetal and serum human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Methods From December 2015 to October 2016, 86 pregnant women with hypothyroidism in the Women's and Children's Hospital of Dongyang were divided into observation group(n=41)and control group(n=45)according to the treatment method.The control group was treated routinely.The observation group was treated with L-thyroxine sodium tablets on the basis of the control group.The levels of serum thyrotropin(TSH), thyroxine demand, serum hCG, SOD level, pregnancy outcome, neonatal growth, complications and clinical efficacy were observed and compared. Results The levels of TSH in pregnant women at the second trimester of pregnancy, the end of pregnancy and 1 week after birth were(1.85±0.64)mU/L, (1.32±0.36)mU/L, (0.41±0.33)mU/L, respectively, which was lower than that in the early pregnancy[(2.47±0.58)mU/L](t=3.210, 8.154, 14.479, all P 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hCG and SOD in the control group were(34 587.81±8 301.72)mU/L, (151.46±24.58)U/mL, respectively, which in the observation group were(43 014.37±7 879.43)mU/L, (174.53±31.66)U/mL, respectively, the differences were statistically significant(t=4.816, 3.792, all P<0.05). The rate of spontaneous delivery in the observation group(80.49%)was higher than that in the control group(22.22%), and the incidence rates of cesarean section, early spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and stillbirth were lower than those in the control group, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2=29.132, 4.051, 4.398, 5.386, 4.836, all P<0.05). The scores of BSID, MDI and PDI of the observation group were(121.15±8.55)points, (120.89±11.68)points and(118.57±6.52)points, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group[(103.76±7.49)points, (106.15±9.73)points, (104.14±5.27)points](t=10.052, 6.378, 11.331, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of complication in the observation group was 4.88%, which was lower than 57.78% in the control group, the effective rate in the observation group was 95.12%, which was significantly higher than that 57.78%in the control group, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2=27.341, 16.210, all P<0.05). Conclusion L-thyroid hormone can effectively improve the serum hCG and SOD levels in pregnant women, improve the pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with hypothyroidism, reduce the incidence rate of complications and promote the healthy growth of newborns. Key words: Hypothyroidism; Pregnancy complications; Pregnancy outcome; Chorionic gonadotropin; Superoxide dismutase; Levothyroxine sodium

Does severe vitamin D deficiency impact obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with thyroid autoimmunity?

Purpose: Vitamin D plays an important role in the modulation of the immune system and anti-autoimmune activities. Autoimmune thyroid diseases related to endocrine disorders are associated with poor obstetric outcomes in pregnancy. Herein, we aimed to investigate the contribution of vitamin D hypovitaminosis to poor pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with the positive autoimmune antibody.Materials and methods: This was a prospective case–control study that enrolled pregnant women at their first trimester. The pregnant women were divided based on thyroid antibody (TA) status (TA-positive pregnant group (TAs (+)) and negative group (TAs (−)). Vitamin D status was categorized as sufficient, insufficient, and deficient (severe and moderate).Results: A total of 283 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. A total of 219 pregnant women were assigned to the TAs (−) group and 64 to the TAs (+) group. The rate of vitamin D insufficiency was 8.7, and 7.8% in the pregnant with TAs (−), and the pregnant with TAs (+) groups, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in all groups. Specifically, the prevalence rate was 91 and 92% in the pregnant with TAs (−) and the pregnant with TAs (+) groups, respectively. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was more prevalent in the pregnant with TAs (+) group than in the pregnant with TAs (−) group (40.6 versus 25%; p = .0187; effect size (ES) = 0.134). The rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was significantly higher in the pregnant women with TAs (+) group than that in the pregnant women with TAs (−) group (12.5 versus 4.1%; p = .03; ES =0.13). The rate of NICU admission and GDM was significantly higher in the severe vitamin D-deficient pregnant group with TAs (+) than that in the severe vitamin D-deficient pregnant group with TAs (−) (47 versus 23%; p = .007; ES =0.207 and 19.4% versus 4.1%; p = .006; ES =0.214, respectively).Conclusions: Severe vitamin D deficiency may contribute to increase the prevalence of GDM and need for NICU admission in pregnant women with positive TA.

Correlation between pregnancy-induced hypertension and age in pregnant women from Hebei province, 2016

Objective: To analyze the correlation between age and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in pregnant women from Hebei province in 2016. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by using the clinical data of 64 909 pregnant women, delivering in 22 hospitals in Hebei in 2016. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the general data and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women, and χ(2) test was used to compare the incidence of PIH in different age groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for PIH. Results: The incidence of PIH was lowest in 20-29 year old women, and increased obviously in those aged<20 and>35 years (P<0.05), and the incidence was positively correlated with age. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, times of pregnancy, number of previous cesarean section and fetus number of current pregnancy were the risk factors for PIH (OR=1.293, 1.153, 1.307, 3.607), while times of deliver and times of prenatal examination were the protective factors (OR=0.655, 0.951). Conclusion: Advanced age pregnancy and young age pregnancy would significantly increase the incidence of PIH. Prenatal care should be strengthened for pregnant women at risk for PIH.

Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in different age groups in Beijing

Objective: To investigate the influence of maternal age on the health status of pregnant women and the pregnant outcomes. Methods: Data obtained from "Beijing perinatal health management registration system" was analyzed, 263 157 pregnant women with age information were included from October 1st, 2015 to September 30th, 2016, in which 43 594 women delivered at the age of 35 or above (advanced age) . According to the age of maternal age, there were 5 groups. (1) Proper age: 219 563 (83.43%, 219 563/263 157) cases of the age of 18-34 years, including 122 735 cases (46.64%, 122 735/263 157) in the ≤29 years old group and 96 828 cases (36.79%, 96 828/263 157) in 30-34 years old group. (2) Advanced age: there were 43 594 cases (16.57%, 43 594/263 157) ≥35 years old, including 37 395 cases (14.21%, 37 395/263 157) in the 35-39 years old group, 5 790 cases (2.20%, 5 790/263 157) in the 40-44 years old group and 409 cases (0.16%, 409/263 157) in the ≥45 years old group. The trend-based chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the effects of different age groups on maternal complications and pregnant outcomes. Results: (1) The total incidence of high risk pregnancy (HRP) : in advanced age women, the incidence of HRP was 67.83% (29 571/43 594) which was 56.73% (124 550/219 563) in proper age women, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=1 848.91, P<0.000) . In advanced age women, the incidence of severe HRP was 7.64% (3 329/43 594) which was 6.18% (13 571/219 563) in proper age women, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=128.211, P<0.000) . In advanced age women, the incidence of very severe HRP was 1.76% (769/43 594) which was 0.84% (1 838/219 563) in proper age women, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=318.58, P<0.000) . (2) Comparison of the incidence of HRP in 5 groups:the total incidence of HRP increased through the following age group ≤29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, ≥45 years (53.28%, 61.09%, 67.41%、70.09%, 74.57% respectively) , the difference was statistically significant (linear by linear χ(2)=3 165.72, P<0.000) . The incidence of very severe HPR increased (0.66%, 1.06%, 1.66%, 2.35%, 2.93% respectively) , the difference was statistically significant (linear by linear χ(2)=218.31, P<0.000) . The incidence of severe HPR increased (5.77%, 6.70%, 7.48%, 8.34%, 11.49% respectively) , the difference was statistically significant (linear by linear χ(2)=422.20, P<0.000) . The incidence of general HPR increased (46.84%, 53.34%, 58.26%, 59.40%, 60.15% respectively) , the difference was statistically significant (linear by linear χ(2)=1 947.51, P<0.000) . (3) As the maternal age group increased, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes increased (5.54%, 6.85%, 8.77%, 9.90%, 18.09%, linear by linear χ(2)=674.57, P<0.000) . The incidence of perinatal death, premature birth and low birth weight also presented the above trends (perinatal death: linear by linear χ(2)=34.79, P<0.000; premature birth: linear by linear χ(2)=692.87, P<0.000; low birth weight: linear by linear χ(2)=379.20, P<0.000) . (4) Logistic regression analysis with the assisted reproductive technology and multiple pregnancy considered showed the same trend (P<0.000) . Conclusion: The maternal age has an impact on the maternal health status and pregnancy outcomes, and the risk of various types of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes increase with the maternal age group, antenatal care and management should be emphasized in women with advanced maternal age, especially for women ≥40 years old.

Prevalencia de Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional por curva de tolerancia a la glucosa en semanas 24 a 28. Cohorte prospectiva en Armenia Colombia, 2015-2016

Objetivo: determinar, por curva de tolerancia a la glucosa (CTG), la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) que se inicia en el segundo o tercer trimestre del embarazo, y explorar la relación con resultados del embarazo en gestantes de Armenia.Materiales y métodos: estudio prospectivo en cohorte de gestantes que consultaron a un centro de atención de primer nivel en Armenia, para control prenatal antes de la semana 14 y firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se excluyeron gestantes con hipertensión o diabetes previa al embarazo, o condiciones que pudieran alterar la HbA1c. Se midieron glicemia y HbA1c al ingreso, y curva de tolerancia a la glucosa (CTG) con 75 g semanas 24-28, y resultados perinatales y maternos al parto. Se hace análisis descriptivo y se presenta la prevalencia de DMG.Resultados: de un total de 372 gestantes candidatas a ingresar al estudio se detectaron dos casos (0,5 %) de diabetes mellitus previa al embarazo. De las 370 que cumplieron los criterios de selección, un total de 43 (11,6 %) presentaron aborto, otras 36 (9,7 %) se retiraron antes de la semana 24; de las 291 restantes, 35 (12 %) no se realizaron la CTG, por lo que se tomó la CTG en 256 gestantes, de las cuales se encontró CTG anormal en 12 casos, para una incidencia de DMG de 4,7 % (12/256).Conclusiones: la prevalencia de DMG fue del 4,7 % en la población estudiada, podría haber subestimación de la frecuencia por pérdidas antes de la semana 24. No se encontraron resultados perinatales adversos en este grupo de gestantes.