Pregnancy Check-ups Research Articles

Determinants of pregnant women’s knowledge about antenatal care and compliance with pregnancy check-ups at Poasia Health Center

Overview: This study investigates the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about Antenatal Care (ANC) and the completeness of ANC visits among pregnant women in the service area of Poasia Health Center, Kendari City. It aims to identify factors influencing adherence to the recommended ANC schedule, a crucial aspect of maternal and fetal health. Body of Knowledge: Guided by Green and Kreuter’s health behavior theory and Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, this study underscores knowledge and attitudes as key predisposing factors in shaping health behaviors. Knowledge equips individuals with the information necessary for informed decision-making, while attitudes influence the intention to act. Despite their importance, external factors such as perceived barriers, social support, and behavioral control also play a role in determining health behavior outcomes. Methods: The study used a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Fifty respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected and analyzed using the Chi-Square test to explore the relationship between the variables of knowledge, attitudes, and ANC visit completeness. This method facilitated a better understanding of how these factors interact to influence health behaviors. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge and the completeness of ANC visits (p = 0.012), with respondents possessing good knowledge more likely to complete ANC visits. Conversely, no significant relationship was found between attitudes and ANC visits (p = 0.073), suggesting that positive attitudes alone are insufficient to ensure adherence. Recommendation: To improve ANC adherence, interventions should include comprehensive education to enhance knowledge, strengthened family and community support systems, and the use of technology-based reminders. Health centers should conduct regular program evaluations and implement targeted strategies to address barriers, emphasizing the risks of incomplete ANC visits to ensure maternal and fetal health.

Determinants of Preventive Health Behavior for Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Vertical transmission from mother to child during the perinatal period is a key route of hepatitis B infection. The infection rate among children of mothers who are hepatitis B carriers is high. This study was designed to investigate the hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior of pregnant women and related factors. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 pregnant women aged 20 years or above were recruited at obstetrics clinics as participants. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Health Beliefs Questionnaire, and Preventive Health Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect study data between October 2017 and March 2018. Most of the participants had received a hepatitis B test because of either a pregnancy checkup (38.0%) or a health examination (32.1%), and most (77.7%) were not hepatitis B carriers. Using multiple linear regression, four significant determinants of hepatitis B preventive health behavior were identified, including marital status (β = 2.45, p = .008, 95% CI [0.66, 4.25]), test for hepatitis B infection status (β = -2.83, p = .013, 95% CI [-5.06, -0.60]), hepatitis B knowledge (β = 0.21, p = .001, 95% CI [0.09, 0.33]), and hepatitis B health beliefs (β = 0.11, p < .001, 95% CI [0.05, 0.16]). The participants who were not married or had never received a hepatitis B test exhibited better hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior. Moreover, both hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B health belief scores were found to relate positively to preventive health behavior. Healthcare providers should strengthen health education in outpatient clinics and provide post-hepatitis B health-related materials in the community. In particular, internet resources such as hepatitis-B-related health education apps and other channels should be used to increase hepatitis B knowledge in perinatal women and eliminate hepatitis B.

Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Cakupan Kunjungan Nifas (KF3) di Puskesmas Hamparan Perak Kecamatan Hamparan Perak Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2024

Background: Postpartum care is needed in the period after delivery to detect early problems or treat postpartum illnesses. More than 65% of maternal deaths occur during the first 42 days postpartum. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence postpartum visits in Indonesia. Method: The research uses quantitative research in the form of an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. Units. Results: Based on the results of logistic regression, predisposing factors that have the opportunity to influence complete postpartum visits are maternal age 20-35 years (OR 0.885), higher education (OR 1.167), parity ? 2 (OR 1.090), delivery by cesarean/vacuum/ forceps, etc. (OR 1.491), delivery in a health facility (OR 1.489), complete pregnancy check-up (OR 1.613), and regional Sumatra (OR 0.510). Enabling factors that have the opportunity to influence postpartum visits are unemployed status (OR 0.954) and having health insurance (OR 1.141). The need factor that has the opportunity to influence postpartum visits is having a history of pregnancy complications (OR 0.948). Conclusion: Factors that influence postpartum visits are maternal age, education, parity, method of delivery, place of delivery, prenatal check-up, regional residence, employment status, ownership of health insurance, and history of pregnancy complications.

Relationship Between Sodium Intake, Physical Activity and Stress with the Incidence of Hypertension in Pregnant Women at the Gununghalu Health Center 2023

Hypertension or high blood pressure refers to a condition where blood pressure in the blood vessel system continues to increase (World Health Organization, 2018). Gestational hypertension can have detrimental effects on the mother and fetus, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Women who have experienced preeclampsia or hypertension have higher health risks, including a 7- to 8-fold increased risk of death from coronary artery disease (Subki &amp; et al, 2018). This study aims to investigate the correlation between factors that influence the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women in the area served by the Gununghalu Community Health Center. The research design used was case control, with a population of 1,473 people, where the sample consisted of pregnant women, including 63 of whom had hypertension. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square method and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors that influence the incidence of hypertension. The research results show that there is a relationship between sodium consumption and hypertension in pregnant women showing a significance value of 0.007, indicating that there is a significant correlation between stress and the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a p value of 0.028. However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women, with a p value of 0.084. Multivariate analysis shows that sodium consumption is a risk factor for hypertension in pregnant women (p=0.004). It is hoped that all pregnant women will always have a pregnancy check-up with a health worker to avoid risks during pregnancy.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kunjungan Antenatal Care (K4) pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarus Kupang

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an important measure of a country's health sector progress. Governments aim to lower MMR through initiatives like safe motherhood programs, which include antenatal care (ANC) services. ANC consists of regular pregnancy check-ups to prevent maternal fatalities, with six visits being the minimum recommended number. Although Tarus Community Health Center has reached the K4 service goal, it has not yet met the necessary standards.Based on the data from the Tarus Community Health Center PWS report over the past three years, the National Health Sector SPM target of 100% has not been met. The average K4 coverage was 73.10% in 2020, 70.48% in 2021, and 74.9% in 2022. The underutilization of ANC services by pregnant women at Tarus Health Center is the primary factor contributing to this low performance.This research aims to identify factors related to ANC visits in pregnant women at Tarus Community Health Center in Kupang Regency. The study utilized a quantitative descriptive research method with an analytical survey and cross-sectional approach, analyzing data from 43 individuals using the chi-square test. The findings suggest a correlation between maternal knowledge (p=0.030), parity (p=0.014), culture (p=0.000), and accessibility (p=0.014) with ANC visits. However, the study did not find a significant relationship between mother's attitude (p=0.551) and ANC visits in the research area.The community health center should improve maternal and child health education through electronic and print media. Regular visits and counseling for pregnant women can motivate them to attend antenatal care appointments.

Pengaruh Ekonomi, Pengetahuan, Dan Pelayanan Petugas Kesehatan Terhadap Kunjungan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cilebut

Introduction: A pregnancy check-up visit is a visit by a pregnant woman to a midwife or doctor as early as possible since she feels she is pregnant to get pregnancy services/care. Nationally in 2010, the K1 coverage was 95,26% and the K4 coverage was 85,56%. The economy, knowledge, and services of health workers are factors that influence prenatal care visits. This study aims to determine the effect of health workers' economy, knowledge, and services on antenatal care visits in the working area of ​​the Cilebut Health Center in 2022. Methods: The research method is a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 150 pregnant women who were in the working area of ​​the Cilebut Health Center. The research sample was determined based on the simple random sampling technique with the calculation of the Slovin formula so that a sample of 60 respondents was obtained. Results: The results showed that there was an influence of economics (p-value 0,035); knowledge (p-value 0,000); and health worker services (p-value 0.000) on antenatal care visits. Discussion: The study concludes that there is an economic influence, knowledge, and services of health workers on antenatal care visits in the working area of ​​the Cilebut Health Center in 2022. Suggestions for pregnant women are expected to increase knowledge and understanding for pregnant women so that they are more disciplined in conducting prenatal check-ups.

Pregnancy Examination with Postpartum Hemorrhage: SDKI Data Analysis 2017

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. Adequate pregnancy screening (Antenatal Care/ANC) plays a vital role in preventing and managing pregnancy complications, including postpartum bleeding. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnancy examination (ANC) and the incidence of postpartum bleeding based on data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) 2017. Methods: This research method is quantitative observational analytic through cross-sectional techniques with research. Result: shows a relationship between quantity or frequency and the incidence of bleeding with a p-value of 0.05. However, there is no relationship with the quality of the pregnancy checkup (p-value 0.548). Even though it is not related, the quality of the pregnancy checkup has a risk of bleeding incidents with POR: 0.872 (CI 95%: 0.558-1.363), which means that mothers who do not receive services according to the 10T standard have a 1.3 times risk of bleeding during childbirth. Conclusion: Adequate pregnancy screening (ANC), both in terms of frequency and quality, plays a vital role in reducing the risk of postpartum bleeding. Efforts to improve access and quality of ANC should be a priority in maternal health programs in Indonesia.

Assessment of the Level of Awareness among Pregnant Women Regarding Antenatal Care Services at the Selected Upazila Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical component of maternal and child health care, focusing on the medical and psychological well-being of pregnant women from conception to the onset of labor. Therefore, awareness among pregnant women regarding antenatal care services is crucial. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness among pregnant women regarding Antenatal Care Services. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at 3 upazillas of Kishorganj district to assess the level of satisfaction of pregnant women regarding antenatal care at selected upazilla health complex during covid-19 pandemic. A total of 163 pregnant women were interviewed from 3 upazilla health complex, Kishorganj were included in this study. Result: Most pregnant women visiting the upazilla health complex were aged 18-23 (54.6%), with a mean age of 23.38 years (SD ±3.659). Information about the complex's services was primarily received from healthcare personnel (70.6%). The majority found the complex consistently open (97.5%), providing satisfactory care (89%). Most respondents (81%) received all necessary medicines, and 77.3% confirmed the availability of medical instruments. Awareness of antenatal care services was high, majority knew about pregnancy registration and check-ups. Among the respondents 51.5% were good aware and nearly half of respondents (48.5%) were poor aware about ANC related services provided from upazilla health complex. Conclusion: The findings of the current study indicate a strong awareness of antenatal care services among the majority of respondents.

Understanding health education needs of pregnant women in China during public health emergencies: a qualitative study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health emergencies impose unique challenges on pregnant women, affecting their physiological, psychological, and social wellbeing. This study, focusing on the context of the corona virus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China, aims to comprehensively explore the experiences of pregnant women amidst diverse public health crises. Herein, we investigate the health education needs of pregnant Chinese women in regard to public health emergencies to provide a scientific foundation for the development of targeted health education strategies. The study described in this article aims to explore the health education needs of pregnant Chinese women in the context of public health emergencies specifying the types of emergencies of pandemics and to provide a scientific basis for targeted health education interventions. Thirteen pregnant women were purposively selected, and the rationale for this sample size lies in the qualitative nature of the study, seeking in-depth insights rather than generalizability. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, and the Colaizzi, which is a structured qualitative technique used to extract, interpret, and organize significant statements from participant descriptions into themes, providing a comprehensive understanding of their lived experiences. The analysis yielded six prominent themes encompassing the following areas: I. Personal protection and vaccine safety; II. Knowledge of maternal health; III. Knowledge of fetal health; IV. Knowledge of childbirth; V. Knowledge of postpartum recovery; and VI. Knowledge sources of health education for pregnant women and their expectations of healthcare providers. Theme I was analyzed with two sub-themes (needs for personal protection knowledge, vaccine safety knowledge needs); Theme II was analyzed with three sub-themes (nutrition and diet, exercise and rest, sexual life); Theme III was analyzed with three sub-themes (medications and hazardous substances, pregnancy check-ups, and fetal movement monitoring); Theme IV was analyzed with three sub-themes (family accompaniment, analgesia in childbirth, and choice of mode of delivery); Theme V was analyzed with one sub-theme (knowledge of postnatal recovery); Theme VI was analyzed with one sub-theme (expectations of Healthcare providers). Sub-themes within each main theme were identified, offering a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted challenges faced by pregnant women during public health emergencies. The interrelation between sub-themes and main themes contributes to a holistic portrayal of their experiences. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to tailor health education for pregnant women during emergencies, highlighting the role of the Internet in improving information dissemination. It recommends actionable strategies for effective health communication, ensuring these women receive comprehensive support through digital platforms for better health outcomes during public health crises.

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SAWERIGADING PALOPO

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the health problems experienced by the community, which is marked with a birth weight less than 2500 grams. Low Birth Weight are basically related to the lack of nutrition during pregnancy, but there are still some nutritional factors, in this case the mother's age, parity, and education, and not only that, there are many more factors that can cause the LBW. Design research study is a descriptive cross sectional study with a sample of 22 people, who use the test perarson chi - square in SPSS 23. The purpose of this study is to know and identify factors associated with Low Birth Weight at Hospital General Sawerigading Palopo.based on stastiscal test found no association between Low Birth Weight with maternal age, parity, and education Where to maternal age obtained p-value = 0.003 with Low Birth Weight, for parity obtained p value = 0.001 with significance level α = 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between parity with Low Birth Weight, while the value obtained for educational p = 0.000 with significance level α = 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between education and Infant Birth Weight low. Conclusion there is a relationship between low birth weight infant(LBW) with maternal age, parity. Sebmitted suggestions notice and researchers in order to improve health care, especially during pregnancy and frequent checkups on the health of health care workers so that the baby can be improved. Keywords : Low birth Weight, Maternal Age, Parity

Examining Fetal Growth Biometrics and Last Menstrual Period Correlation in Minangkabau Ethnicity during Third Trimester Ultrasound

Background Fetal growth significantly impacts well-being and health outcomes at birth, exerting a profound influence on the occurrence of perinatal complications and mortality rates. Aim This study aims to establish normal fetal growth data based on biometric variations in the Minangkabau ethnic group. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study focusing on pregnant women who underwent pregnancy check-ups was conducted in December 2020. Results A total of 520 pregnant women had third trimester ultrasounds. Most were aged 21-39 with one parity, had a senior high school education, and were unemployed. The strongest correlation (R=0.86) was between the last menstrual period (LMP) and biparietal diameter (BPD), while the weakest (R=0.79) was between LMP and head length (HL). All variables were highly significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Fetal growth biometrics (BPD, FL, HC, AC, and HL) were associated with LMP of third trimester ultrasound pregnancy on Minangkabau ethnic.

Trend of Anemia Prevalence in Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Sukosari Health Center, Madiun City, 2018-2022

Pregnancy anemia poses a significant national challenge due to its adverse impact on human resource (HR) quality. Without proper management, it can lead to maternal and fetal complications, even death. This study aimed to determine the trend of anemia prevalence of pregnant women from 2018-2022 in the working area of Sukosari Health Center, Madiun City. Conducted as descriptive quantitative research with predictive elements, it encompassed 2157 pregnant women in the center's jurisdiction. Utilizing the total population as the sample, data was collected from maternal LB3 documents. Trendline analysis in MS Office Excel revealed the trend and prediction of the anemia prevalence in the following year by displaying the equation display on chart. The results showed a trend and prediction of the anemia prevalence for pregnant women at the end of 2023, the total Sukosari Health Center increased. The trend and prediction of the prevalence of pregnant women in each village and each trimester of pregnancy also increased. The highest increase in the anemia prevalence for pregnant women occurred in Klegen Village and in the first trimester of pregnancy. From these results, it can be concluded that the trend of anemia prevalence of pregnant women at the health center has increased and exceeds the target set by the Madiun City Health Office, which is &lt;15%. This condition needs to be monitoring and paid special attention to by increasing education on the prevention and treatment of anemia among adolescent girls and pregnant women, monitoring and evaluating the program of giving blood-added tablets, and maximizing local area monitoring of pregnant women. Innovative efforts can also be made in the form of taking blood tablets together on the opening day of pregnancy check-up services and during the implementation of classes for pregnant women and organizing classes for brides-to-be at health centers.

Edukasi Tanda Dan Gejala Preeklampsia Serta Pencegahannya Pada Ibu Hamil

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. This situation can be pregnancy emergency if this don’t received proper treatment, which is bring a risk for the mother and her fetus. This risk can be continue in birthing period and the postpartum period. The preeclampsia’s signs likes hypertension and proteinuria is a frequently encountered. Other signs of symptoms include edema (especially on the face and around the eyes and hands), weight gain, nauseous and vomiting, stomach pain spreads to the upper limbs, headaches and visual disturbances (blurred vision), tachypnea and anxiety. In community, Edema in pregnant usually considered common and commonplace, however this is sign of preeclampsia. Health education about getting a pregnancy check-up at the health service needs. This community dedication service aims to increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about the signs, symptoms and prevention of preeclampsia and it is hoped that they can prevent this at the start of pregnancy, so the mother and baby are healthy. The counseling method have be used, the sub topic are the signs, symptoms and prevention of preeclampsia. Counseling participants were pregnant women in the Lebaksiu Kidul area, Tegal Regency.

Simulation Of Orange Fruit Use And Small Group Discussions In A Village With Extreme Poverty To Mitigate Anemia In Pregnant Women: A Community Program Report In Indonesia

Introduction: Haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. One significant factor contributing to bleeding is the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women. Early detection of anemia is crucial in preventing this condition, but the limited knowledge among pregnant women can impede successful treatment of anemia in Indonesia. Objective: The purpose of this community service project is to enhance pregnant women’s understanding of anemia during pregnancy and enhance their mindset so that they recognize the significance of avoiding and treating anemia during pregnancy. Research Method: The study involved conducting a simulation that utilized citrus fruit and organizing small group discussions about anemia. The participants were 30 pregnant women residing in impoverished areas in the Karawang district. Results: The minimal knowledge score showed a significant rise between before and after the activity, rising from a minimum score of 7 to a minimum score of 13. Similarly, the maximum knowledge score climbed from 80 to 100. The majority of respondents expressed a strong consensus that anemia poses a significant risk to pregnancy. Consequently, respondents also strongly concurred on the need for concerted measures to address this issue. To prevent anemia, it is important to take iron supplement tablets and maintain a diet that is rich in nutritious food. Conclusion: Engaging in positive activities outside of pregnancy check-ups with healthcare professionals can serve as a platform for receiving support and fostering mutual sharing among pregnant women. This has the potential to enhance the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards preventing anemia throughout pregnancy.

Does the birth plan match what is relevant to women? Preferences of Spanish women when giving birth

BackgroundTo support women in making shared decisions, it is important to know what is relevant to them. The aim is to explore which of the options included in birth plans (BP) are of most interest to women, and which are more controversial. In addition, the possible association of this variability with personal characteristics.MethodsThe data are part of a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in xxx, on the clinimetric characteristics of two instruments to measure women’s needs in labour and postpartum. Women were recruited consecutively by their midwives during pregnancy check-ups, receive a link to a digital questionnaire and were allowed to provide links to the questionnaires to other pregnant women. Women were asked to determine their level of agreement with statements about the birth environment, accompaniment, pain relief, medical intervention and neonatal care. The relationship between agreement with each statement, socio-demographic variables and fear of childbirth (W-DEQ-A) was analysed using a combination of descriptive statistics to analyse frequencies, and regression models to test the effect of socio-demographic variables and fear of childbirth on those items with the greatest variability.ResultsTwo hundred forty-seven women responded. More than 90% preferred a hospital delivery, with information about and control over medical intervention, accompanied by their partner and continuous skin-to-skin contact with the newborn. There are other questions to which women attach less importance or which show greater variability, related to more clinical aspects, like foetal monitoring, placenta delivery, or cord clamping… Various factors are related to this variability; parity, nationality, educational level, risk factor or fear of childbirth are the most important.ConclusionsSome items referring to the need for information and participation are practically unanimous among women, while other items on technical interventions generate greater variability. That should make us think about which ones require a decision after information and which ones should be included directly. The choice of more interventional deliveries is strongly associated with fear of childbirth.

Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus among Pregnant Women and Maternal-Fetal Pregnancy Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Beijing, China.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the primary reason for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in females. Specific immune alterations in pregnancy led to greater HR-HPV replication and reduced clearance of HR-HPV infection. This study retrospectively obtained and analyzed data from a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. We aimed to ascertain both the genotype distribution and prevalence of HR-HPV in pregnant females. Moreover, we sought to analyze the association of HR-HPV with maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes. The retrospective observational cohort study was divided into two parts. Part I evaluated the genotype distribution and prevalence of HR-HPV. It encompassed 6285 pregnant women who underwent a routine pregnancy check-up, Thin Prep cytology test (TCT), and HR-HPV diagnosis during weeks 12-14 of gestation between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021. Part II analyzed the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome. Through a nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), we matched HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative pregnant women using caliper width equal to 0.02. After PSM, 171 HR-HPV-positive and 171 HR-HPV-negative pregnant women were included to analyze the association between HR-HPV infection and maternal-fetal pregnancy outcome. In total 737 (11.73%) pregnant women were HR-HPV positive. The five most common genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV-52 (2.90%), HPV-58 (2%), HPV-16 (1.94%), HPV-51 (1.38%), and HPV-39 (1.29%). As for age-specific HPV prevalence, a "U-shaped" pattern was observed. The first and second peaks were detected in pregnant females aged <25 years and those aged ≥35 years, respectively. Our study found no significant difference between the HR-HPV-positive and the HR-HPV-negative pregnant females in the following maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous abortion (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.478), preterm delivery (4.7% for HR-HPV positive, 5.3% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.804), premature rupture of membrane (28.8% for HR-HPV positive, 22.8% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.216), preeclampsia (7.6% for HR-HPV positive, 7.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), oligohydramnios (8.2% for HR-HPV positive, 7% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.683), fetal growth restriction (1.8% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HPV negative, p = 0.615), placenta previa (1.2% for HR-HPV positive, 0.6% for HR-HPV negative, p = 1), postpartum hemorrhage (8.9% for HR-HPV positive, 11.2% for HR-HPV negative, p = 0.47). There was also no significant difference in delivery mode or birth weight between the two groups. HPV-16, 52, and 58 were the most prevalent infection genotypes in pregnant females. The study showed no significant differences between HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative groups in the maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes.

The Effect of Peppermint Aromatherapy on the Degree of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester at the Independent Practice of Midwife (TPMB) Yusnita Purwasari, Karawang Regency, Indonesia

Pregnancy is a physiological condition that can be followed by pathological processes that will threaten the condition of the mother and fetus. During pregnancy, problems can occur that a mother does not want. Nausea and vomiting are complaints that are often experienced by pregnant women in the first trimester due to an increase in HCG in the pregnant woman's body. If this situation continues, it will have an impact on the pregnancy and fetal growth process. This study aimed to identify the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The design of this research is experimental research pre-test and post-test one group. Sampling technique with purposive sampling where every first trimester pregnant woman who underwent a pregnancy check-up who met the inclusion criteria was included in this study. The results showed that there was a decrease in the degree of nausea and vomiting in research subjects before and after being given the intervention (2.12 ± 0.11 Vs 1.11 ± 0.13), p &lt; 0.05. In conclusion, there is influence giving aromatherapy peppermint in reducing the degree of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant patients at TPMB Yusnita Purwasari, Karawang Regency, Indonesia.

The Relationship Between Maternal Knowledge Level and the Number of Pregnancy Check-Up Visits at the Grogol Petamburan Community Health Center

Antenatal care is the health service carried out by health workers to the mother during her pregnancy antenatal service standard compliance. When examined more deeply that the process of maternal death has a long journey so that prevention can be done since the antenatal care through education related to maternal health. Therefore, knowledge of pregnant women about antenatal care is very important because it will help reduce maternal and infant mortality .The purpose of this research is to know the relation of knowledge of mother with antenatal care number of visit of the Puskesmas Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat. This research conducted by method of cross sectional, the selection of samples with a consecutive sampling with 52 sample respondents. Data collection is carried out by filling a questionnaire made by researchers and is completed by respondents. Collected data is analyzed by chisquare test with significance level (⍺) 0.05. Stastical analysis.showed significant relationship between knowledge of antenatal care and the number of antenatal care visits (p=0,001)

PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS AND WHERE TO SEEK HELP: DO PREGNANT WOMEN CHOOSE PRECISELY?

Background: Untreated pregnancy complication can be at risk of maternal and fetal death.&#x0D; Objective: This study identifies types of pregnancy complication and health seeking behavior of pregnant women when experienced pregnancy complication, as well as the compliance of health facilities with ANC Minimum Service Standards (ANC-MSS).&#x0D; Method: Used cross-sectional design following the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The unit of analysis was female household members aged 10-54 years with married/divorced/widow status, had been pregnant, and had a pregnancy check-up, as many as 75,155 people. Caused a pregnant woman can choose more than one type of pregnancy complication experienced, so that the data are analyzed descriptively. &#x0D; Result: Abnormal bleeding, preterm premature rupture of membranes, decreased fetal movement, and hypertension are the pregnant women determined to seek help from health worker. Swollen legs, anemia, palpitations, and chest pain are not important indicators to seek help. The private practice of health workers and ”Puskesmas and its network” are type of health facility mostly used, although experienced serious complication. Generally, pregnant women are under proper treatment whose compliance with the implementation of most aspects of ANC-MSS.&#x0D; Conclusion: Recommended to develop the health workers competence, supported by complete facilities at The Primary Health Care (PHC) whose easily accessible.

Knowledge about Nutrition and Testing Gestational Hypertension in Multiple Pregnancies

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are a leading contributor to maternal, fetal, and newborn death all over the world, including in Indonesia. Routine pregnancy check-ups and nutritional status can prevent pregnancy complications due to HDP.Objective: To increase health workers’ knowledge about the importance of blood pressure check-ups and adequate nutrition during multiple pregnancies.Methods: The PKM material was delivered through online seminars with 20 employees and their families at Asri Medical Center Hospital. The material provided included knowledge about women's health, multiple pregnancies, nutrition for pregnant women, as well as hypertension in pregnancy, and their management. Pretest and posttest was conducted. The analysis method used Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.Results: The analysis showed a 25% increase in knowledge from the results of the pretest of 75% to a total of 100% at the time of the posttest (p &lt; 0.05), which suggests that there is a difference in the respondents’ knowledge levels about the importance of nutrition and examination of hypertension in multiple pregnancies.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in knowledge about the importance of nutrition and examination of hypertension in multiple pregnancies before and after the seminar at AMC Muhammadiyah Hospital.