Preferred Tablets Research Articles

초등영어 보기(viewing) 학습에 대한 학습자 인식 및 실태 연구

Objectives This study aims to investigate the learners' perceptions and practices of English viewing in elementary school, and find educational implications on teaching viewing. Methods For this, a survey was conducted from Nov. 13 to Nov. 16, 2023 to 531 elementary English learners. They were asked 17 questions about perceptions and practices of viewing, as well as their perceptions and practices with English digital textbooks(EDT) in learning viewing. Results The analysis results are as follows. First, most of the students were positive about their viewing ability and attitudes and reported that digital devices helped their viewing. The students used and preferred tablet PC the most, and they used EDT, AI digital learning materials, Youtube for English viewing. More than half of the students engaged in self-directed viewing within 30 minutes or an hour, but teacher-centered viewing lessons were conducted in most classes. Second, the experiences of students in using EDT were limited at home, also student-centered learning using EDT was not conducted in school. Third, Most of students were positive about viewing using EDT, and had high interests and motivation in viewing using EDT. Conclusions For the successful implementation of the 2022 revised national English curriculum, digital devices need to be supplied to every student for learning viewing, and digital device usage training courses will be helpful for their learning. Furthermore, teachers should make an effort to participate in training to teach viewing effectively. In addition, AI EDT should be developed to promote students' self-directed viewing and student-centered viewing lessons.

Patients' Preference for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Does It Affect Medication Adherence? A Cross-Sectional Study in Community Pharmacies.

Dosage forms (DF), which are primarily divided into solid, semisolid, liquid, and gaseous, are amongthe different factors that influence drug adherence. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how patients' preferences for pharmaceutical DF affected their adherence to medication in community pharmacies in Gondar town. A cross-sectional study on community pharmacies was carried out from June 25 to July 27, 2023. The statistical package for social sciences, version 26, was used for data analysis. Factors associated with patient medication discontinuation were found using both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. According to our study, the majority of respondents (42.4%) preferred tablet DF. Most respondents (63.9%) DF preference was affected by the size of the medication, in which small-sized were most preferable (59.6%). The oral route of administration was the most preferable (71.2%). The majority of the respondents (59.9%) had a history of discontinuation of medicines. Being male (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.79), living in rural areas (AOR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.83), types of DF (AOR=4.59, 95% CI: 1.28, 16.52), high frequency of administration (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.57), high cost of medication (AOR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.69, 5.68), getting some improvement from illness (AOR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.10, 9.87), and high number of drugs (AOR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.67, 13.85) were significantly associated with medication discontinuation. Our findings showed that tablet dosage forms, oral routes of administration, and once-daily taking of medicines were the most preferred by our respondents. Being male, living in rural areas, types of DF, high frequency of administration, high cost of medication, getting some improvement from illness, and high number of drugs were significantly associated with medication discontinuation. This provides an insight into what to consider when prescribing medicine to enhance patients' adherence and overall therapeutic outcomes.

Adolescent and caregiver preferences for juvenile idiopathic arthritis treatment: a discrete-choice experiment

BackgroundThis study aimed to elicit and quantify preferences for treatments for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWe conducted a discrete-choice experiment among adolescents with JIA in the United States (US) (n = 197) and United Kingdom (UK) (n = 100) and caregivers of children with JIA in the US (n = 207) and UK (n = 200). In a series of questions, respondents chose between experimentally designed profiles for hypothetical JIA treatments that varied in efficacy (symptom control; time until next flare-up), side effects (stomachache, nausea, and vomiting; headaches), mode and frequency of administration, and the need for combination therapy. Using a random-parameters logit model, we estimated preference weights for these attributes, from which we derived their conditional relative importance.ResultsOn average, respondents preferred greater symptom control; greater time until the next flare-up; less stomachache, nausea, and vomiting; and fewer headaches. However, adolescents and caregivers in the US were generally indifferent across varying modes and frequencies of administration. UK adolescents and caregivers preferred tablets, syrup, or injections to intravenous infusions. US and UK adolescents were indifferent between treatment with monotherapy or combination therapy; caregivers in the UK preferred treatment with combination therapy to monotherapy. Subgroup analysis showed preference heterogeneity across characteristics including gender, treatment experience, and symptom experience in both adolescents and caregivers.ConclusionsImproved symptom control, prolonged time to next flare-up, and avoidance of adverse events such as headache, stomachache, nausea, and vomiting are desirable characteristics of treatment regimens for adolescents with JIA and their caregivers.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: a 2022 THESIS questionnaire survey of members of the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS)

PurposeInconsistencies in the medical management of hypothyroidism have been reported between endocrinologists in different countries. This study aimed to identify the attitudes of Latin America thyroid specialists towards the use of thyroid hormones.MethodsOnline survey of members of the Latin America Thyroid Society.Results81/446 (18.2%) completed the questionnaire. Levothyroxine (LT4) was the initial treatment of choice for all respondents. 56.8% would consider LT4 use in biochemically euthyroid patients: infertile women with elevated anti-thyroid antibodies (46.9%), resistant depression (17.3%) and growing goiter (12%). Most respondents preferred tablets (39.5%) over liquid formulations (21.0%) or soft gel capsules (22.2%) and would not consider switching formulations in patients with persistent symptoms. 39.5% would never use LT4 + liothyronine (LT3) combination therapy in symptomatic euthyroid patients, due to low quality evidence for benefit. 60.5% reported that persistence of symptoms despite normal TSH is rare (below 5% of patients) and its prevalence has been stable over the last five years. Psychosocial factors (84.0%), comorbidities (86.4%) and the patient unrealistic expectation (72.8%) were considered the top three explanations for this phenomenon.ConclusionLT4 tablets is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. A significant proportion of respondents would use LT4 in some groups of euthyroid individuals, contrasting the recommendations of the major clinical practice guideline indications. LT4 + LT3 combination treatment in euthyroid symptomatic patients was considered by nearly 50%. Practices based on weak or absent evidence included use of thyroid hormones for euthyroid subjects by 56.8% of respondents and use of LT4 + LT3 treatment by 60.5% of respondents for patients with persistent symptoms. In contrast to many European countries, LATS respondents report a low and unchanged proportion of dissatisfied patients over the last five years.

Why Only Impedances? Match the Magazine to Any Device! [Editor’s Comments

You have just opened the first magazine issue of the year, and I am sure you are thrilled to know what this new season has in store for you. A few easy steps for discovering: 1) take your mobile or your preferred tablet, 2) download the IEEE app if you have not done it already (QR code given here), 3) open from there your <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine</i> issues of choice, and 4) enjoy a new and responsive reading experience that will comfortably be matched and adapt to any device. The new electronic format will also look great when opened on a computer browser. Check it out!

Enhancing Outcomes: Acceptability of Medication Formulations for the Treatment of Acute Agitation in a Psychiatric Population.

BACKGROUND: There is limited research evaluating patient acceptability of medication formulations in the treatment of acute agitation. This study assessed patient acceptability of medication formulations (tablet, orally-dissolving-tablet [ODT], liquid, intramuscular injection [IM], inhaled device [INH]) for the treatment of acute agitation and examined correlating factors. METHODS: Adults with psychotic illness or bipolar disorder receiving emergency or inpatient services at an inpatient psychiatric facility in Kansas City, Missouri were included. Participants viewed a presentation on medication formulations for acute agitation and were surveyed on acceptability (measured on a five-point Likert scale). The primary outcome variable was the attitudinal measurement of acceptability of each formulation in correlation with the severity of agitation for use in themselves and other patients. RESULTS: One hundred participants completed the survey. Participants rated the following: (1) This medication formulation would be acceptable to treat mild agitation in themselves and others (oral tablet 85% and 48%; ODT 82% and 55%; liquid 74% and 51%; IM 53% and 74%; INH 78% and 72%); and (2) This medication formulation would be acceptable to treat severe agitation in themselves and others (oral tablet 75% and 52%; ODT 74% and 53%; liquid 66% and 53%; IM 61% and 67%; INH 77% and 72%). For treating mild agitation, participants preferred tablets and ODTs to the IM (p < 0.05) and the INH to liquid or IM (p < 0.05), for themselves; and oral formulations were preferred to the IM (p < 0.05) for other patients. For severe agitation in themselves and others, preference for the INH and IM versus oral formulations (p < 0.05) was significant, with no difference between the INH and IM (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of responses preferring oral formulations was higher than IM and INH. Dosage formulation acceptability differed depending on the severity of agitation and intended recipient of the medication.

Digital Platform Skills for Teachers in Public Primary Schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the readiness of headteachers and teachers in integrating Digital Literacy Programme (DLP) in teaching and learning in public primary schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya. Digital Literacy Programme was a project that was introduced and funded by the Government of Kenya for all public primary schools in Kenya.&#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative survey research designs. A population of 845 head teachers and 6529 teachers were involved in the study. Some 85 head teachers and 362 teachers were sampled for the study. Questionnaires and interviews were the main research instruments used for the study. The reliability coefficient for the piloted teachers stood at 0.96 while that of the head teachers’ coefficient was reported at 0.95. The quantitative research data was analyzed using SPSS and presented in tables, frequencies and percentages. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, organized into main themes and reported.&#x0D; Findings: Majority of the respondents who were teachers, (41.6%), could only write using a digital device. Most head teachers, (34.2%), preferred tablets contrary to the preference of the majority of teachers, 31.4%, who cited desktop computers for online teaching and learning. The study also revealed that the majority of teachers and head teachers felt insecure with the digital devices in schools.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Introduction of digital learning in the Kenyan education sector did not meet the required threshold but was timely. Challenges were met here and there. Both teachers and headteachers were struggling to cope with the modern teaching and methods that required the integration of technology in the teaching and learning process. However, with continuous practice, the digital gaps were set to close in Kenyan schools. In line with the Kenyan ICT Policy of 2006 on electronic learning, the promotion and development of content to address the educational needs of primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in Kenya needed to be emphasized.

Patient Preferences in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (APProach‐HS): a discrete choice experiment

Treatment options for moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) comprise antibiotics, biologics, and different surgical methods. These approaches differ substantially regarding the treatment process, success rates, and adverse events. However, information on patient preferences for HS therapies is hitherto scarce. Our aim was to assess patient preferences for medicamentous and surgical treatment of HS with conjoint analysis. In this cross-section study, computerized discrete choice experiments were used to quantify patient preferences for HS therapies decomposed into treatment modality (tablets, subcutaneous injections, surgery with secondary-intention healing or primary closure), probability of sustained therapeutic success, probability of mild or severe adverse events, and duration of treatment or wound healing. Averaged over the cohort (n = 216 patients with HS), sustained therapeutic success was considered as most important (Relative Importance Score [RIS]: 36.2), followed by the treatment modality (RIS: 24.0), and duration of treatment/wound healing (RIS: 19.9), whereas mild or severe adverse events (RIS: 10.7 or 9.3) were regarded as less relevant. Patients preferred tablets, followed by subcutaneous injections, and disliked surgery with primary closure. Preferences differed significantly dependent on age and affected body regions. Awareness of patient preferences is essential for patient-centered care in HS.

Emerging Demands of Nutraceuticals (Functional Foods) Among the Women During Pandemic: An Intensive Exploratory Study

Corona pandemic resulted in huge burden on health care service sectors. Although pharmaceutical is the one of the largest industry in the world and predominant in health care services yet sudden outbreak of disease has questioned our ability of fighting back. The people across the globe have become more aware regarding health and wellness, hence they looking for other natural, reliable, affordable and available options. The nutraceuticals or functional foods are expected to have various health benefits and people are looking for more advance nutraceuticals for better immunity. An intensive exploratory study was conducted in one of the most reputed Banerjee’s Clinic located at Khamtarai region, Raipur, Chhattisgarh where 237 female participated in the questionnaire survey. The study result revealed that majority of women (52%) age 34-41 years use neutraceuticals for better health and to boost their immunity. Furthermore, the females who are working both public and private sectors and are financially independent are aware of health benefits of nutraceuticals/functional foods and spend on nutraceuticals for overall wellness. Moreover, the women preferred tablets form of nutraceuticals rather than powder or liquid form as mode of consumption.The study further shows that women who are professionals prefer to take daily functional foods or nutraceuticals for good health, immunity and beauty.

Long-Term Adherence to Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy in Thyroidectomized Patients.

(1) Background: We evaluated the long term adherence to two distinct formulations of levothyroxine (L-T4), liquid or solid, which are differently influenced by concomitant food ingestion. (2) Methods: A total of 106 thyroidectomized patients (82 female, mean age 58.2 ± 13.3 years) on L-T4 replacement therapy in either liquid (n = 52) or solid formulation (n = 54) were administered the four-item Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ). (3) Results: The study population had 59.4% adherers and 40.6% non-adherers. The global MAQ score was significantly better in patients under liquid L-T4 in comparison to those under solid L-T4 (0.42 ± 0.82 vs. 0.83 ± 0.95, respectively, p = 0.0085). The patients on tablet L-T4 forgot to take their medication more frequently than those on liquid LT4 treatment (p = 0.0159) and were more often careless at times about taking their medication (p = 0.007), whilst about one in two thyroidectomized patients preferred tablets for lifetime medication therapy. The global MAQ score was directly correlated with the circulating TSH levels in the whole study population (0.700, p < 0.0001) and inversely correlated with both the FT3 (−0.220, p = 0.0232) and FT4 (−0.327, p = 0.0006) serum concentrations. (4) Conclusions: Long-term adherence to L-T4 treatment was globally satisfactory although it was better for the liquid formulation, which appears to represent an easier-to-manage L-T4 replacement therapy for most thyroidectomized patients, particularly for those with difficulties in taking L-T4 while fasting.

ANALYSIS OF PREFERENCE ON STORAGE METHODS AMONG COWPEA FARMERS IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the preference of storage methods among cowpea farmers in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select 202 farmers for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results revealed that a substantial proportion (47.0%) of farmers preferred phostoxin tablet, 32.7% preferred plastic jerrican, 7.9% preferred PICS bags, 5.0% preferred mental drum, 3.9% preferred actellic 25EC, 2.5% preferred rhumbus and 1.0% preferred actelllic 2% dust. The result of the logistic regression showed pseudo R2 which was 0.847. The results identified among others that quantity stored (P&lt;0.01), effectiveness (P&lt;0.01), durability (P&lt;0.05), availability (P&lt;0.05) and simplicity (P&lt;0.10) significantly affect the choice decision for PICS bags method of cowpea storage. Also, farming experience and simplicity significantly affect the choice decision of jerrican method of storage at (P&lt;0.05) each, educational level, availability, simplicity and effectiveness significantly affect the choice decision of actellic 25EC at (P&lt;0.10) each while educational level (P&lt;0.05) is the only variable that affect the choice decision of actellic 2% dust. Capital intensiveness, time consuming, poison nature and odour were the major constraints to cowpea storage methods. The study recommended that farmers should be encouraged by extension agents to attend trainings and workshops on cowpea storage method as this will go a long way in improving their knowledge and experience on the use of cowpea storage methods.

Patient preferences in retinal drug delivery

Retinal vascular diseases (RVDs) are often treated with intravitreally (IVT) injected drugs, with relatively low patient compliance and potential risks. Ongoing research explores alternative RVD treatments, including eye drops and oral tablets. This study surveyed RVD patients treated with IVT injections to establish factors influencing low compliance rates while gauging treatment delivery method preferences. Demographics, perspectives, and treatment preferences were collected via IRB-approved, self-administered survey sent to Glick Eye Institute patients treated via IVT injections. Demographics, diagnoses, and treatments were ascertained from respondents’ medical records. Gender, age, and number of IVT injections received were used as stratifications. Five-level Likert-style scales and t-tests evaluated responses and stratification comparisons. The most common diagnoses in the respondent population (n = 54; response rate = 5%) were age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. Respondents had varying levels of education, income, and age. Most (83%) admitted feeling anxious prior to their first IVT injection, but 80% reported willingness to receive IVT injections indefinitely, with a preference for ophthalmologist visits every 1–3 months. Eye drops would be preferred over IVT injections by 76% of respondents, while 65% preferred oral tablets, due to several perceived negative factors of IVT injections and positive factors for eye drops. Stratified groups did not differ in responses to survey questions. RVD patients will accept IVT injections for vision preservation, but alternative delivery methods like eye drops or oral tablets would be preferred. Thus, development of eye drop and oral therapeutics for RVD treatment is further emphasized by these findings.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: a THESIS* questionnaire survey of Polish physicians. *THESIS: Treatment of hypothyroidism in Europe by specialists: an international survey.

Over the past several years new evidence on the management of hypothyroidism has emerged, which has influenced recommendations from professional bodies. The presentation of hypothyroid patients has also changed, and new cases are increasingly diagnosed by indiscriminate screening, often identifying cases with minor biochemical disturbances. Little is known about the physician responses and attitudes to this changing landscape. THESIS (Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Europe by Specialists: an International Survey) is a large-scale survey of European physicians who treat patients with hypothyroidism. Here we document current practices of Polish physicians relating to the use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients. Members of the Polish Society of Endocrinology were invited to participate in the web-based THESIS survey. In total 423 (54.6% of the 774 invited) physicians completed the survey. The majority of respondents (74.2%) would prescribe thyroid hormones foreuthyroid patients for certain indications, such as female infertility with elevated thyroid antibodies (63.4%), simple goitre (40.9%), unexplained fatigue (12.1%), obesity (9.7%), hypercholesterolaemia (9.0%), and depression (9.2%). Nearly all physicians (96.0%) declared that the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine (LT4). However, around one-third (30.3%) were also using LT4 and liothyronine (LT3) combination treatment; LT3 alone was rarely prescribed (1.7%), and none prescribed desiccated thyroid extract. The majority of respondents preferred LT4 tablets. Among alternative formulations, liquid LT4 was most commonly recommended for patients unable to take LT4 in the fasting state (26.0%) and patients with malabsorption (19.9%). Respondents considered prescribing dietary supplements (such as selenium and iodine) in hypothyroid patients with coexisting autoimmune thyroiditis (29.6%) or at the patients' request (32.2%). LT4 + LT3 combination therapy was used by 32.2% when symptoms persisted notwithstanding normal serum TSH concentration. Psychosocial factors, comorbidities, and the burden of chronic disease were considered as the most likely causes of persistent symptoms. Apart from clinical practice recommendations, other factors influence the thyroid hormone therapy patterns. Moreover, certain areas of clinical practice were identified (the use of thyroid hormones in euthyroid subjects and the use of dietary supplements), which are not in accordance with the current evidence.

Liqui-Tablet: the Innovative Oral Dosage Form Using the Newly Developed Liqui-Mass Technology

In this study, an attempt was made to produce Liqui-Tablets for the first time. This was carried out through the compaction of naproxen Liqui-Pellets. The incentive to convert the novel Liqui-Pellet into Liqui-Tablet was due to the array of inherent advantages of the popular and preferred tablet dosage form. The study showed that naproxen Liqui-Tablet could be successfully produced and the rapid drug release rate (100% drug release ~ 20 min) could be achieved under pH 1.2, where naproxen is insoluble. It was observed that the different pH of the dissolution medium affected the trend of drug release from formulations with varying amounts of liquid vehicle. The order of the fastest drug-releasing formulations was different depending on the pH used. The presence of Neusilin US2 showed considerable enhancement in the drug release rate as well as improving Liqui-Tablet robustness and hardness. Furthermore, images from X-ray micro-tomography displayed a uniform distribution of components in the Liqui-Tablet. The accelerated stability studies showed acceptable stability in terms of dissolution profile.

Web-Based Data Collection for Older Adults Living With HIV in a Clinical Research Setting: Pilot Observational Study.

BackgroundLongitudinal follow-up of older persons living with HIV is essential for the ascertainment of aging-related clinical and behavioral outcomes, and self-administered questionnaires are necessary for collecting behavioral information in research involving persons living with HIV. Web-based self-reported data collection results in higher data quality than paper-and-pencil questionnaires in a wide range of populations. The option of remote web-based surveys may also increase retention in long-term research studies. However, the acceptability and feasibility of web-based data collection in clinical research involving older persons living with HIV have never been studied.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a web-based survey to collect information on sexual, substance use, and physical activity behaviors; compare the data quality of the web-based survey with that of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire; and summarize web-based survey metrics.MethodsThis pilot study took place within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 study, a longitudinal cohort of men and women living with HIV (aged ≥40 years), followed at 32 clinical sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. A total of 4 sites participated in this study. A web-based survey was created using self-administered questionnaires typically completed in A5322 via paper and pencil. Pilot study participants completed these questionnaires via web-based survey at one research visit in lieu of paper-and-pencil administration. Two questions were added to assess feasibility, defined as participants’ perception of the ease of web-based survey completion (very hard, hard, easy, very easy), and their preferred format (computer or tablet, paper and pencil, no preference) for completing the questions in the future (acceptability). Feasibility and acceptability were summarized overall and by demographic and clinical characteristics; the proportion of evaluable data by web-based survey versus previously administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires (data quality) was compared for each question.ResultsAcceptability and feasibility were high overall: 50.0% (79/158) preferred computer or tablet, 38.0% (60/158) reported no preference, and 12.0% (19/158) preferred paper and pencil; 93.0% (147/158) reported survey completion easy or very easy. Older age was associated with lower odds of preferring computer or tablet to paper and pencil (odds ratio per 1-year increase in age: 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98). Individuals who found the survey hard or very hard had a lower median neurocognitive test score than those who found it easy or very easy. Data quality with web-based survey administration was similar to or higher than that with paper-and-pencil administration for most questions.ConclusionsWeb-based survey administration was acceptable and feasible in this cohort of older adults living with HIV, and data quality was high. Web-based surveys can be a useful tool for valid data collection and can potentially improve retention in long-term follow-up studies.

Impact of Age on Patients' Communication and Technology Preferences in the Era of Meaningful Use: Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundIdentifying effective means of communication between patients and their health care providers has a positive impact on patients’ satisfaction, adherence, and health-related outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the impact of patients’ age on their communication and technology preferences when managing their health. We hypothesize that a patient’s age affects their communication and technology preferences when interacting with clinicians and managing their health.MethodsA mixed methods study was conducted to identify the preferences of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results were analyzed based on the patients’ age. Grounded theory was used to analyze the qualitative data. Patients were recruited based on age, gender, ethnicity, and zip code.ResultsA total of 104 patients were recruited: 34 young adults (19-39 years), 33 middle aged (40-64), and 37 senior citizens (>65). Young adults (mean 8.29, SD 1.66) reported higher computer self-efficacy than middle-aged participants (mean 5.56, SD 3.43; P<.05) and senior citizens (mean 47.55, SD 31.23; P<.05). Qualitative analysis identified the following three themes: (1) patient engagement (young adults favored mobile technologies and text messaging, middle-aged patients preferred phone calls, and senior citizens preferred direct interactions with the health care provider); (2) patient safety (young adults preferred electronic after-visit summaries [AVS] and medication reconciliation over the internet; middle-aged patients preferred paper-based or emailed AVS and medication reconciliation in person; senior citizens preferred paper-based summaries and in-person medication reconciliation); (3) technology (young adults preferred smartphones and middle-aged patients and senior citizens preferred tablets or PCs). Middle-aged patients were more concerned about computer security than any other group. A unique finding among senior citizens was the desire for caregivers to have access to their personal health record (PHR).ConclusionsPatients of different ages have different communication and technology preferences and different preferences with respect to how they would like information presented to them and how they wish to interact with their provider. The PHR is one approach to improving patient engagement, but nontechnological options need to be sustained to support all patients.

2511. Characterization of Patient Pill Preferences from a Prospective Placebo vs. Placebo Ease of Swallowability Study

BackgroundHIV therapy has been moving toward smaller size, once a day regimens in hopes of improved adherence. Surprisingly, few publications characterize HIV patient’s pill preferences. To evaluate HIV-negative or treatment-naïve pill preference, we conducted a prospective randomized study at the Infectious Diseases Clinic at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI.MethodsFifty patients were recruited, receiving questionnaires regarding factors influencing the ease of swallowability, medication habits, pill preferences and adherence while being randomized to receive placebo pills representing currently FDA approved combination antiretrovirals DTG/ABC/3TC and BIC/FTC/TAF. Statistical analyses presented are descriptive.ResultsPatients preferred pills or tablets (84%) as their preferred form of medication. Patient’s ideal pill length size was reported between 4–9 millimeters (96%), with no responses > 13 mm. The most important factors for ease of swallowability were stated as size (40%) and smoothness (38%). Interestingly, 80% of participants then reported that size and shape of the pills was only “some or less” important to them for their pills; however, 32% of participants stated that size, and shape (16%), could make them not want to take a pill daily. When offered the choice of regimens, patients preferred taking more, smaller pills (42%) vs. fewer larger pills (36%) or liquids (14%). Three most common factors indicated as making medication adherence difficult included taking multiple doses daily (38%), large pills (16%), and multiple pills per dose (14%). When given free response, pills having a smooth coating was reinforced by 10 of the 25 (40%) participants who commented.ConclusionPatient preferences for medications are varied and nuanced, but carry implications on patients self-reported likelihood to remain adherent to a regimen. Care should be taken in a clinical setting, such as HIV, to take pill characteristics into account when selecting antiretroviral regimens for patients.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Understanding patients\u2019 preferences for osteoporosis treatment: the impact of patients\u2019 characteristics on subgroups and latent classes

SummaryThis study revealed patterns in osteoporosis patients’ treatment preferences, which cannot be related to socio-demographic or clinical characteristics, implicating unknown underlying reasons. Therefore, to improve quality of care and treatment, patients should have an active role in treatment choice, irrespective of their characteristics.IntroductionPatient centeredness is important to improve the quality of care. Accounting for patient preferences is a key element of patient centeredness, and understanding preferences are important for successful and adherent treatment. This study was designed to identify different preferences profiles and to investigate how patient characteristics influence treatment preferences of patients for anti-osteoporosis drugs.MethodsData from a discrete choice experiment among 188 osteoporotic patients were used. The hypothetical treatment options were characterized by three attributes: treatment efficacy, side effects, and mode/frequency of administration. A mixed logit model was used to measure heterogeneity across the sample. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect of patient characteristics. Latent class modeling (LCM) was applied. Associations between patients’ characteristics and the identified latent classes were explored with chi-square.ResultsAll treatment options were important for patients’ decision regarding osteoporotic treatment. Significant heterogeneity was observed for most attributes. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with a previous fracture valued efficacy most, and patients with a fear of needles or aged > 65 years preferred oral tablets. Elderly patients disliked intravenous medication. Three latent classes were identified, in which 6-month subcutaneous injection was preferred in two classes (86%), while oral tablets were preferred in the third class (14%). No statistically significant associations between the profiles regarding socio-demographic or clinical characteristics could be found.ConclusionsThis study revealed patterns in patients’ preferences for osteoporosis treatment, which cannot be related to specific socio-demographic or clinical characteristics. Therefore, patients should be involved in clinical decision-making to reveal their preferences.

Self-microemulsifying tablets prepared by direct compression for improved resveratrol delivery

The purpose of this study was to develop self-microemulsifying (SME-) tablets to improve resveratrol solubility whilst delivering resveratrol in a preferred tablet dosage form. Resveratrol was dissolved in liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) (10% w/w) and solidified through adsorption on several different solid carriers. Two ranges of synthetic amorphous silica (Sylysia® 290, 350, 470, 580; Syloid® 244FP, AL-1FP) as well as granulated magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin® US2) were screened for their SMEDDS adsorbent capacity. The most efficient carrier from every range was chosen for further SME-tablet development. To counteract the high ratio of liquid in SME-tablets, additional dry binders (microcrystalline cellulose, copovidone) were added to the tableting mixture, as well as superdisintegrant (croscarmellose sodium) and lubricant (magnesium stearate). Finally, approx. 600 mg tablets were directly pressed using 12 mm flat face punch, containing 41.75% SMEDDS. Overall, all tablets exhibited sufficient hardness (>50 N), although it was negatively affected by higher compression force. Tablets with Neusilin® US2 proved to have highest hardness, as granulated structure of Neusilin® US2 provided best compaction properties needed for successful direct compression of tablets. All prepared SME tablet formulations disintegrated in under 10 min and formed microemulsions (droplet size < 100 nm) upon dilution with water, with Neusilin® US2 tablets exhibiting the lowest droplet size (<30 nm). While conventional dissolution test indicated incomplete resveratrol release from solid carriers in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 media, no difference fatty acid amount titrated during fasted state in vitro lipolysis between liquid and solid SMEDDS was observed. Moreover, accelerated stability tests confirmed over 90% of trans-resveratrol remained in solid SMEDDS following 90 days at 40 °C, with no crystallization of resveratrol observed during that time. To sum up, through adsorption on solid carriers, in particular Neusilin® US2, SMEDDS was successfully transformed into a directly compressible mixture and tableted without the loss of its self-microemulsifying ability.

Development of EirV3: A Computer-Based Tool for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Cancer.

Immediate transfer of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for use in medical consultations is facilitated by electronic assessments. We aimed to describe the rationale and development of Eir version 3 (EirV3), a computer-based symptom assessment tool for cancer, with emphasis on content and user-friendliness. EirV3's specifications and content were developed through multiprofessional, stepwise, and iterative processes (from 2013 to 2016), with literature reviews on traditional and electronic assessment and classification methods, formative iterative usability tests with end-users, and assessment of patient preferences for paper versus electronic assessments. EirV3 has the following two modules: Eir-Patient for PROMs registration on tablets and Eir-Doctor for presentation of PROMs in a user-friendly interface on computers. Eir-Patient starts with 19 common cancer symptoms followed by specific, in-depth questions for endorsed symptoms. The pain section includes a body map for pain location and intensity, whereas physical functioning, nutritional intake, and well-being are standard questions for all. Data are wirelessly transferred to Eir-Doctor. Symptoms with intensity scores ≥ 3 (on a 0 to 10 scale) are marked in red, with brighter colors corresponding to higher intensity, and supplemented with graphs displaying symptom development over time. Usability results showed that patients and health care providers found EirV3 to be intuitive, easy to use, and relevant. When comparing PROM assessments on paper versus tablets (n = 114), 19% of patients preferred paper, 41% preferred tablets, and 40% had no preference. Median intraclass correlation coefficient between paper and tablets (0.815) was excellent. Iterative test rounds followed by continuous improvements led to a user-friendly, applicable symptom assessment tool, EirV3, developed for and by end-users. EirV3 is undergoing international testing of clinical and cross-cultural adaptability.