PRISMA Research Articles

The influence of community-level digital health interventions by peer educators on HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents: A scoping review

Timely identification of HIV is crucial for mitigating transmission and enhancing treatment efficacy. Information and communication technology and digital media advancement have become integral to adolescent's daily lives. Platforms, including social media, instant messaging applications, and websites, offer novel avenues for disseminating health information, particularly on HIV/AIDS prevention. The peer educator model and digital media provide more interactive, personalized, and targeted dissemination of health messages. This study encompasses original research published in English, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines. The search utilized Scopus, Science Direct, Pubmed, Medline, and Google Scholar data, covering selected publications from 2019 to 2024 during the last five years. The most notable rise transpired among the youngest demographic, specifically those aged 13 to 14, with an average knowledge increase of about 18%. Adolescents exposed to sexual and reproductive health education via peer discussion groups possessed superior awareness about HIV compared to those who were not exposed. Enhanced comprehension among students in the intervention group of HIV/AIDS, its transmission, and prevention methods. The control group students' knowledge did not improve during the post-test. The extent of peer educator engagement in HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescents who received digital media intervention showed a significant increase of 1.90 times relative to the group that did not get such intervention (p<0.00001). The digital media intervention markedly enhanced peer educator engagement in HIV/AIDS awareness among adolescents. Digital media-based HIV screening initiatives are essential to improve access to HIV/AIDS information services.

Comparison of treatments for preventing lower urinary tract symptoms after BCG immunotherapy of bladder tumors : a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BackgroundBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, BCG immunotherapy is commonly accompanied by significant lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency, dysuria and pelvic pain. These symptoms can undermine treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. In this study, the treatments for preventing LUTS after BCG instillations were compared through a systemic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodsEligible studies were obtained from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. We also searched the references of the included studies. Our protocol followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. We performed NMA using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA MP 18.0.ResultThe analysis included 6 studies with 556 participants. The results of the NMA revealed that celecoxib and prulifloxacin effectivelty reduce the incidence of LUTS including frequency, urgency and dysuria. Phenazopyridine showed the best performance in improving pelvic pain.ConclusionThe NMA indicated that medications such as celecoxib, prulifloxacin and phenazopyridine are effective in reducing the incidence of LUTS after BCG immunotherapy of bladder tumors.

Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Non-surgical Treatments with or without Exercise for Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Women: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), commonly occurring in postpartum women, is not only an aesthetic issue but is also highly associated with functional impairments. Various conservative treatment modalities have been employed in clinical practice to alleviate DRA. However, the comparative efficacy of these non-surgical treatments for improving the inter-recti distance (IRD) remains to be determined. This current network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compare the efficacy and acceptability of different non-surgical treatments with or without exercise for improving DRA in postpartum women. This NMA adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies up to April 2024. The analysis included studies that met the following criteria: (1) postpartum women diagnosed with DRA defined as an IRD greater than 2cm; (2) intervention: any non-surgical treatments for at least 2weeks; (3) comparator: no-treatment control; and (4) outcome: changes in IRD and acceptability. The relative efficacy between the non-surgical treatments tested and the probability of treatments were evaluated. Twenty-one RCTs comprising 1195 participants aged from 18 to 45years old were included. The forest plot revealed that exercise coupling with neuromuscular electrical stimulation systems (NMES) [mean difference (MD) - 1.12cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.66 to - 0.58], acupuncture (MD - 0.81cm, 95% CI - 1.54 to - 0.08), corset (MD - 0.65cm, 95% CI - 1.24 to - 0.06), and exercise alone (MD - 0.48cm, 95% CI - 0.80 to - 0.16) led to significant reductions in IRD compared with control. Further, the treatment ranking indicated that the combination of NMES with exercise has the highest probability (91.0%) of being the best treatment for reducing IRD, followed by acupuncture with exercise (71.1%). Treatments combined with exercise demonstrated better rankings for reducing IRD than individual treatments without exercise. Acceptability did not significantly differ between the groups. This NMA encountered limitations due to participant variability, differing measurement methods, and sparse data, necessitating careful interpretation of findings regarding postpartum DRA interventions. This NMA suggests NMES combined with exercise as the best treatment tested for DRA in postpartum women. CRD42024541345.

Big data and urban form: a systematic review

The study of urban form as a central interest of architects, planners, and urban designers has faced various challenges over time, affecting the representation of this topic in the research, educational, and practical arenas. Recently, with the actualization of big data, the study of urban form is going under change as well, where these technological advancements present both the great potential for urban form analysis, understanding, modelling, simulation, and even imagination, and a challenge for the profession of architecture and urbanism itself, which must come to grips with the growing field of big data research. This paper delves into the significance of urban form as a composition of the ground plan (streets, blocks, plots, and buildings), building fabric, land and building utilization, and social structure, explicitly emphasizing unfolding the complexities concerning big data. The central method used in the research is the systematic literature review applied to investigate the interrelation between urban form and big data. The research follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol by systematizing recent research from the Web of Science (WOS) database. The paper aims to structure knowledge into a coherent framework, reveal relationships and patterns, create a valuable classification for future research, and identify gaps within the research field. The main results should contribute to painting the overall picture of the research landscape on big data and urban form.

The diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of paediatric visual field tests: A systematic review.

Alternative non-standard paediatric visual field (VF) tests have been developed to address the challenges associated with standard approaches. However, diagnostic accuracy of these new VF tests has not yet been rigorously evaluated. This systematic review aims to explore diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-standard VF tests in paediatric patients. The following databases were searched for English language studies comparing a non-standard paediatric VF test to standard methods, such as standard automated perimetry (SAP), manual kinetic perimetry (MKP) and confrontation testing (CT): EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, VisionCite, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, African Index Medicus, LILACS, Trip and grey literature databases. Studies included were of children ≤18 years old with suspected or known VF defects (n > 3). Case reports, case series, editorials and letters were excluded. This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Thirty studies (n = 2074 children, age range: 2 months to 18 years) published between 1990 and 2023 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty index tests were reported, sorted into four categories of methods: behavioural/observational (5), electrophysiological (2), modifications of standard perimetry (11) and eye tracking (2). Risk of bias, based on the QUADAS-2 results, was unclear or high for most studies. Sensitivities of 10 studies (behavioural/observational [2]; electrophysiological [2]; modifications of standard perimetry [2] and eye tracking [4]) were 60%-100%, 75%, 80%-94% and 70%-100%, and specificities were 98%-100%, 86%-88%, 68%-100% and 50%-100%, respectively. Alternative non-standard paediatric VF tests, and behavioural/observational methods in particular, show potential for adequate diagnostic accuracy and feasibility, although limited to certain conditions and ages. Studies with complete reporting and low risk of bias are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-standard paediatric VF tests.

Facilitators and barriers in the implementation of patient-centred care interventions among general practitioners: a systematic review protocol

BackgroundChallenges in the patient–provider relationship are prevalent, underscoring the importance of patient-centred care, which is respectful and responsive to patients’ needs. General practitioners (GPs), also known as family doctors, serve as gatekeepers in primary care and are well positioned to deliver this type of care. However, effectively implementing patient-centred care remains a challenge. While behaviour change interventions have been developed to enhance patient-centred care in general practices, a comprehensive understanding of the facilitators and barriers to their implementation is lacking. This review aims to examine contextual factors of implementing interventions for patient-centred care by GPs. Implementation research analyses all aspects of application, including factors influencing it, processes involved and outcomes achieved within different contexts. The review will use the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR 2.0) to analyse influential factors and the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to define interventions to promote behaviour change in patient-centred care.MethodsThis systematic literature review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) will be conducted to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing interventions in promoting patient-centred care by GPs. The CFIR 2.0 framework will guide the categorization and synthesis of barriers and facilitators, while the BCW will be employed to define the interventions. Two independent reviewers will conduct study screening, data extraction, quality appraisal and data analysis. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through the involvement of additional reviewers.DiscussionThis protocol outlines a systematic review utilizing an updated framework-based approach to identify and synthesize evidence on barriers and facilitators to implementing behaviour change interventions by GPs. The findings will provide insights into the effectiveness of these interventions in enhancing patient-centred care and will inform future research and clinical practice. This review will identify gaps and challenges in existing studies and propose strategies for the effective implementation of behavior change interventions among GPs. Additionally, it will inform clinical practice by refining behaviour change interventions to enhance the delivery of patient-centred care by GPs.Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023485014.

Explore barriers to using the internet for health information access in African countries: A systematic review.

The Internet is a crucial source of health information, providing access to vast volumes of high-quality, up-to-date, and relevant healthcare information. Its impact extends beyond information access, influencing medical practice through the widespread adoption of telemedicine and evidence-based medicine. Despite the significant global increase in internet usage, Africa lags in internet penetration, particularly in utilizing the internet for health information. This study aims to systematically review the literature to explore barriers to accessing health information on the Internet in African countries. The study was conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2023. It followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline to systematically review published studies investigating the utilization of the Internet for health information in African countries. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Hinari, CINAHL, and Global Health. The inclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of six studies that formed the basis for our analysis. This systematic review identifies eleven barriers to accessing health information on the internet. These include a lack of ownership of smart electronic devices, infrequent internet use, limited internet access, low E-health and computer literacy, slow internet connection, high cost of internet access, insufficient information search skills, residing in rural areas, dealing with diverse fields, and having low perceptions. Improving our understanding of barriers to accessing health information online is essential for policymakers, governments, academics, and healthcare professionals. To enhance the use of the Internet for health information and strengthen the overall health system, policymakers should prioritize increasing Internet accessibility, reducing costs, improving connections, offering basic computer skills training, and ensuring the availability of electronic devices in all institutions.

Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy-Directed Tongue Surgery to Treat Persistent Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To systematically review the literature for articles evaluating outcomes of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) directed tongue surgery in children with prior adenotonsillectomy and persistent or recurrent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to perform a meta-analysis on the polysomnographic (PSG) data. Systematic review and metanalysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Primary, post-operative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT); Secondary, surgical response rate. Seven studies (283 patients) met criteria and reported PSG outcome data for the systematic review. The mean ± standard deviation surgical response rate was 70.0% ± 17.0% [95% CI 67.6, 71.6]. Six of the seven studies (270 patients) reported specific pre- and post-operative PSG data included in our meta-analysis. The pre- and post-operative AHI decreased from 9.5 ± 12.1 to 4.2 ± 6.9 events/h (p < 0.04) with a mean difference (MD) of -5.13 [95% CI -7.13, -3.13], Z-score 5.02 (p < 0.00001). LSAT improved from 87.8 ± 5.7 to 90.1% ± 5.1% (p < 0.02) with a MD of 2.71 [95% CI 1.53, 3.89], Z-score 4.51 (p < 0.0001). Existing literature demonstrates DISE-directed tongue surgery in children with persistent OSA can reduce AHI by approximately 50%, improve LSAT by nearly 3%, and have an overall positive response to surgery rate of 70%. There is collective evidence that DISE-directed tongue surgery is effective; limitations include heterogeneity in reported outcomes influenced by confounding factors.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Corticotomy and Piezocision on Canine Retraction: A Systematic Review

Background: In order to reduce the prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment, several surgical techniques have been proposed over the years. Corticotomy and piezocision are the two most widely used techniques, and, given the lack of consensus in the literature, along with the renewed interest in these approaches in recent years, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate their effectiveness in accelerating canine retraction in patients requiring extraction of the upper first premolar and, as a secondary objective, to assess if there is a worsening of periodontal health and how the surgical approach is perceived by the patient. Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to 30 November 2024. The PRISMA statement was adopted for the realization of the review, and the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2) was used to assess the studies’ quality. Results: After full text assessment, fifteen randomized clinical trials (14 split mouth design, 1 single-blind, single-center design) covering 326 patients (mean age 20, 19 years) were included. The data collected reveal that corticotomy accelerates canine retraction by 1.5 to 4 times, while piezocision achieves retraction 1.5 to 2 times faster, making corticotomy the most effective technique. No statistically significant adverse effects on periodontal ligament, molar anchorage loss, or root resorption were observed following the two surgical techniques. In addition, patients reported experiencing mild to moderate pain. Conclusions: Corticotomy and piezocision are effective techniques for accelerating upper canine retraction in extraction cases, significantly reducing the overall duration of orthodontic treatment.

Surgery for the Treatment of HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with worse survival when compared to HPV-positive OPSCC. Primary surgery is one option to intensify therapy in this high-risk group of patients. Unfortunately, the only randomized trial to explore this approach (RTOG 1221) failed to accrue and the role of primary surgery in the treatment of HPV-negative OPSCC remains unanswered. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to examine the outcomes of surgery in the treatment of HPV-negative OPSCC. We used the PRISMA statement for reporting and queried Pubmed, Web of Science and the Cochrane databases for studies examining the use of primary surgery in the treatment of HPV-negative OPSCC. Excluded from analysis were reviews, commentaries, case series with fewer than 10 patients, and studies that included HPV-negative head and neck cancers of mixed sites. Our primary outcomes were 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). OS and DFS were pooled using meta-analysis of proportions. A total of 15 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. There were 923 patients total included. Eight studies including 483 patients reported staging of HPV negative disease, of which 81.6% had T1/T2 tumors and 41.4% had N0 nodal disease. The average rate of positive margins was 12.6%. The average rate of patients who underwent risk-stratified adjuvant RT was 30.7% and CRT was 29.5%. The average follow-up was 32.7 months (SD = 12.47 months). Only two studies reported survival outcomes for HPV-negative disease based on overall staging: 5-year OS was improved for stage III versus stage IV and early versus late stage disease. The pooled 2- and 5-year OS were 84% (95% CI 77%-91%, I2 = 52.4%; 5 studies) and 72% (95% CI 46%-92%, I2 = 95.5%; 4 studies), respectively. The pooled 2- and 5-year DFS for the entire population were 77% (95% CI 66%-86%, I2 = 55%; 6 studies) and 59% (95% CI 50%-69%, I2 = 0%; 3 studies). Of the subgroup undergoing TOS alone, the pooled 2- and 5-year OS were 87% (95% CI 79%-93%, I2 = 46.8%; 4 studies) and 82% (95% CI 69%-92%, I2 = 74.2%; 3 studies). The pooled 2- and 5-year DFS for the subgroup of patients undergoing TOS alone were 78% (95% CI 63%-90%, I2 = 56%; 4 studies) and 59% (95% CI 47%-71%, I2 = undetermined; 2 studies). The two- and five-year OS for patients with HPV-negative OPSCC treated with any surgical approach and pathology-directed adjuvant therapy is 84% and 72%, respectively. The two- and five-year OS for HPV-negative OPCSCC treated with transoral surgery and pathology-directed adjuvant therapy is 87% and 82%, respectively.

Effectiveness and safety of thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia for breast surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

General anesthesia is the standard approach for thoracic and abdominal procedures; however, it has notable limitations, particularly in high-risk patients. Regional anesthesia techniques, such as thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia, have gained popularity due to their potential to reduce these associated risks. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia in breast cancer surgery using systematic review and meta-analysis. This study adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, conducting a comprehensive literature search across ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases up to July 4, 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies that provided specific information on the effectiveness (postoperative pain reduction) and safety (incidence of adverse events and complications) of thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia, as well as satisfaction among patients and surgeons. Out of 4,060 articles, six studies were included for qualitative assessment, with four further analyzed quantitatively. Meta-analysis findings indicated that thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia provided significantly better pain control at 12 hours postoperatively (SMD: -1.25; 95%CI: -1.54 to -0.96; p&lt;0.0001), although no significant difference was noted at 0 hours (SMD: -1.07; 95%CI: -2.33 to 0.18; p=0.09). Thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative vomiting (RR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.22–0.95; p=0.04), but it presented a higher risk of hypotension (RR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.41–4.71; p=0.002). Importantly, no anesthesia-related mortalities were reported. The technique resulted in higher satisfaction levels among both patients (SMD: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.33–0.92; p&lt;0.0001) and surgeons (SMD: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.51–1.11; p&lt;0.0001) compared to general anesthesia. The study highlights that thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia for breast cancer surgery, offering superior postoperative pain control, enhanced patient and surgeon satisfaction, and a reduced incidence of postoperative vomiting.

The influence of Dexmedetomidine as an additive to local anesthetics in dental procedures: A systematic review.

This review aimed to assess if the use of dexmedetomidine as an additive to local anesthetics promotes greater safety and efficacy than local anesthetics alone in dental procedures. the systematic review was structured according to the PICO strategy and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Studies were included based on the eligibility criteria, and data from the included studies were collected by one author. An additional author reviewed the compilation. Altogether, nine studies were included: eight randomized clinical trials and one controlled clinical trial. Of these, six were related to tooth extraction. Most studies reported the use of lidocaine as the local anesthetic. Levobupivacaine was used in one study. In total, 352 patients were evaluated. Despite the heterogeneity between studies, it can be suggested that when used as an additive to local anesthetics, dexmedetomidine has the potential to decrease postoperative pain and latency period and prolong anesthetic duration. There are scant reviews that summarizes the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. These studies can positively impact the lives of the concerned population.

The Impact of Programs Aimed at Raising Awareness About Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Schools: A Systematic Review

The awareness and inclusion of school children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are garnering growing attention in educational research. Schools are increasingly focused on creating inclusive environments, and programs aimed at improving students’ attitudes toward peers with disabilities are key to this effort. This article reviews studies on the impact of these programs on primary and secondary education. A systematic search of the WOS, Scopus, PubMed, and ERIC databases was conducted using the PRISMA statement. This yielded nine relevant articles published either in Spanish or English. This review found that awareness programs had a generally positive effect on students’ perceptions of their peers with disabilities. However, the awareness of intellectual and developmental disabilities remained lower than that of physical, visual, or hearing disabilities. The most effective strategies involved direct interaction and information sharing, with simulation techniques also having positive outcomes. Despite some successful results, challenges remain, particularly involving the need to engage educational staff and ensure the long-term sustainability of these programs within the curriculum. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of these interventions and their effectiveness across different educational settings.

Flexural Strength, Fatigue Behavior, and Microhardness of Three-Dimensional (3D)-Printed Resin Material for Indirect Restorations: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate three mechanical properties of 3D-printed resins for indirect restorations according to published scientific evidence. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement (preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The search was performed by two investigators, (DD) and (VB), and a third (AC) resolved disagreements. Articles were searched in four digital databases: PubMed, EBSCO, Lilacs, and Science Direct, starting on 18 February 2024. As 3D-printing technology has shown significant advances in the last 5 years, the review was conducted with a publication year range between 2019 and 2024, in English language and included in vitro articles on the mechanical properties of flexural strength, fatigue behavior, and microhardness of 3D-printed materials for temporary or definitive restorations. MeSH terms and free terms were used for the titles and abstracts of each article. Finally, the QUIN tool was used to assess the risk of bias. In the main search, 227 articles were found, of which 20 duplicates were excluded, leaving 207 articles; of these, titles and abstracts were read, and 181 that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated; of the remaining 26 articles, 1 article was eliminated for not presenting quantitative results. Regarding publication bias, 6 of the 25 articles had a low risk of bias, 18 had a medium risk of bias, and 1 had a high risk of bias. It may be concluded that 3D-printed resins have lower flexural strength, fatigue behavior, and microhardness than other resin types used for the fabrication of temporary and permanent restorations. The type of 3D printer and polymerization time could be factors that significantly affect the flexural strength, fatigue behavior and microhardness of 3D-printed resins. Based on existing evidence, it should be considered that additive technology has promising future prospects for temporary and permanent dental restorations.

Unveiling key adaptation strategies: A systematic review of climate variability’s impact on agriculture

This review aims to comprehensively analyze the variability of climate in agriculture and theadaptive behaviour of farmers in response to climate change, synthesizing existing knowledge andexamining measures for mitigate climate fluctuations. To achieve this, a systematic literaturereview (SLR) was conducted using the Scopus database, covering the past eleven years. A total of177 articles were identified through a methodological application of the Preferred Reporting Itemsfor Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. While these studies encompass abroad geographical scope, the selection was deliberately constrained by a small sample size toexclude regions lacking conflicting evidence, ensuring relevance and high-quality information, astandard practice in systematic reviews within this field. This study hypothesizes that adaptivestrategies, such as climate-smart agriculture and early warning systems, significantly reducefarmers’ vulnerability under climate change. Key findings indicates that practices like conservationtillage, agroforestry, and other climate-resilient approaches enhances agricultural sustainability andresilience. The results highlight the urgent need for further investigation and policy incentives toencourage adaptive behaviour and provide food security in the presence of climatic variability.Thus, the conclusion of these findings encourages the widespread uptake of climate-smart practicescoupled with early warning mechanisms to reduce climatic risks effectively.

PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MENTAL MELALUI OLAHRAGA

Mental health is very important in human life to carry out daily activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of exercise in improving mental health based on a systematic literature review. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The database used to search for literature is data found on the Google Scholar website. The results of the study are presented by looking at the quality of the documents in detail and according to the scope of the study. There are 6 relevant articles from 25 related articles. Based on the search results according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) stages, exercise can improve mental health. The types of documents searched for in this study are documents with a time span of the last 10 years published in national journals indexed by Sinta and can be accessed openly. Based on the results and discussion, the conclusion of this study states that exercise can improve mental health.

Challenges and Opportunities of Gamified BCI and BMI on Disabled People Learning: A Systematic Review

This systematic review explores the potential of the gamified brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. These technologies promise to solve complex problems by delivering customized interventions considering individual needs, ethical dilemmas, and practical constraints. This review follows the PRISMA statement. The search process extensively explored multiple registered databases for studies published between 2015 and 2024. Articles were selected based on strict eligibility criteria, focusing on empirical research evaluating gamified BCIs and BMIs in rehabilitation and learning. The final analysis included 56 studies. A thorough examination emphasizes the transformative potential of gamified BCIs and BMIs for people with disabilities, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, user-centered design principles, and ethical consciousness for gamified neurotechnology. These technologies mark a significant change by providing enjoyable and effective treatments for disabled individuals. It also delves into how gamification, neurofeedback, and adaptive learning techniques can enhance motivation, engagement, and overall well-being. This evaluation underscores the efficiency of gamified BCIs and BMIs as potential instruments for improving the quality of life and empowering disabled people. However, despite their apparent potential for rehabilitation and learning, more research is needed to validate their effectiveness, accessibility, and long-term benefits.

Anesthesia Trauma Guidelines: A Systematic Review of Global Accessibility and Quality.

This systematic review describes the available clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the anesthetic management of trauma and appraises the accessibility and quality of these resources. This review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was conducted across 8 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CABI Digital Library, Global Index Medicus, SciELO, Google Scholar, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) for guidelines from 2010 to 2023. Two independent reviewers assessed guideline eligibility and extracted data, which were audited by a third reviewer. Data regarding author demographics, accessibility, clinical topics, and quality were collected. The quality of guidelines was evaluated according to the National Guideline Clearinghouse Extent Adherence to Trustworthy Standards (NEATS) Instrument. A total of 2426 articles were identified, of which 165 met eligibility criteria and were included. Guidelines were developed by 122 professional societies and authors from 51 countries. By region, Europe contributed with the most authors (61%), while Africa had the fewest (4%). Most CPGs were developed by authors from high-income countries (HIC) and only 12% had a first or last author from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The United States was the country with the most guideline authors. While 70% were open access, the average cost for paid access was US$36.61. Among the 8 languages identified, English was the most common. The most common topics were blood and fluid management, shock, and airway management. The overall quality of included guidelines was considered moderately high, with an average NEATS score of 3.13 of 5. Quality scores were lowest for involvement of patient perspectives, plans for updating, and presence of a methodologist. On logistic regression analysis, the involvement of a methodological expert was the only predictor of having a high-quality NEATS score, with no association observed with open accessibility, English language, society endorsement, first author from a HIC, or a multidisciplinary group composition. Though many countries and societies have contributed to the development of anesthesia CPGs for trauma, there has been a disproportionate lack of representation from LMICs, where the burden of trauma mortality is highest. In this study, we identify barriers to accessibility and areas for improving future guideline quality. We recommend ongoing efforts to incorporate perspectives from diverse settings and to increase the availability of high-quality, open-access guidelines to improve worldwide health outcomes in trauma.

Effectiveness of Digital Mental Health Interventions in the Workplace: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

There is potential for digital mental health interventions to provide affordable, efficient, and scalable support to individuals. Digital interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, stress management, and mindfulness programs, have shown promise when applied in workplace settings. The aim of this study is to conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews in order to critically evaluate, synthesize, and summarize evidence of various digital mental health interventions available within a workplace setting. A systematic search was conducted to identify systematic reviews relating to digital interventions for the workplace, using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using a predefined extraction table. To assess the methodological quality of a study, the AMSTAR-2 tool was used to critically appraise systematic reviews of health care interventions. The literature search resulted in 11,875 records, which was reduced to 14 full-text systematic literature reviews with the use of Covidence to remove duplicates and screen titles and abstracts. The 14 included reviews were published between 2014 and 2023, comprising 9 systematic reviews and 5 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. AMSTAR-2 was used to complete a quality assessment of the reviews, and the results were critically low for 7 literature reviews and low for the other 7 literature reviews. The most common types of digital intervention studied were cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness/meditation, and stress management followed by other self-help interventions. Effectiveness of digital interventions was found for many mental health symptoms and conditions in employee populations, such as stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, and psychological well-being. Factors such as type of technology, guidance, recruitment, tailoring, and demographics were found to impact effectiveness. This umbrella review aimed to critically evaluate, synthesize, and summarize evidence of various digital mental health interventions available within a workplace setting. Despite the low quality of the reviews, best practice guidelines can be derived from factors that impact the effectiveness of digital interventions in the workplace. OSF Registries osf.io/rc6ds; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RC6DS.

Advantages of subtotal gastrectomy for upper third gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractDistal gastrectomy with very small remnant stomach (subtotal gastrectomy, STG) is sometimes performed for upper third gastric cancer, instead of total gastrectomy (TG). However, the advantages of STG over TG remain fully unknown, in terms of survival outcomes, complication rates, nutritional status, and quality of life. Therefore, a systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) extension statement for reporting systematic reviews. Meta‐analyses were performed regarding operation time, complication rates, body weight changes, and reflux esophagitis by using R software. Operation time was significantly shorter in STG than in TG (Mean difference: −20.79 [95% CI: −35.59 to −5.99]). We cannot conclude whether STG is better than TG in terms of survival because of inconsistency among reports. The total complication rates (≧ grade2 and 3) are significantly lower in STG than TG. Reflux esophagitis was lower in STG than in TG (0% vs. 7.7%), although the difference was not significant probably because of small sample size. Body weight change compared with preoperative value was significantly lower after STG than TG both at 6 and 12 months after the operation (6 months: mean difference −5.31% [95% CI: −6.95 to −3.67], 12 months: mean difference −6.13 [95% CI: −8.20 to −4.06]). We revealed that STG has its advantage on shorter operation time, less complication rates, and lower body weight loss by meta‐analysis. Although there are some controversies, STG can be an ideal option for patients with gastric cancer of upper third stomach.