Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Protocols Research Articles

Organizational Climate in Construction Companies: A Systematic Literature Review

The construction industry is fraught with risks due to the use of heavy machinery and work at heights, leading to increased occupational accidents. Understanding how the work environment affects personnel adaptation is crucial, as a negative environment can have detrimental consequences on the physical and mental health of workers. The aim of this study is to identify and examine the significant dimensions, factors, and models related to the organizational climate, with a particular focus on the construction sector. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, utilizing the SCOPUS database, from which 176 studies were obtained through search strings. Of this set, 142 were selected for final analysis. The results reveal that China has the highest number of studies on the organizational climate in construction. Regarding dimensions, emphasis is placed on occupational health and safety. Factors include a classification for dimensions, models, and other general factors. The model identified in studies with the most relevance is the JD-R (job demands–resources) model, which helps us to understand how job characteristics promote employee well-being. The implications of this study underscore the need for further research related to the work environment, implementing changes in occupational safety and health, and highlighting the importance of fostering a positive work environment from the early stages of organizational development. These findings provide valuable insights to refine labor practices, design more effective models, and guide future research in the realm of organizational climate in construction sector companies.

Effectiveness of glutamine and arginine in wound healing of pressure ulcers: A systematic review protocol

IntroductionVarious nutrients play a physiological role in the healing process of pressure ulcers (PUs). Nutritional interventions include the administration of enteral nutritional supplements and formulas containing arginine, glutamine, and micronutrients. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of enteral nutritional supplements and formulas containing arginine and glutamine on wound-related outcomes. These include (1) time to healing, (2) changes in wound size, (3) local wound infection, (4) PU recurrence, and (5) PU-related pain. Materials and methodsThis protocol was developed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). A search will be conducted in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCOhost interface) and Web of Science. In addition, a manual search will be conducted to identify relevant records. Except for systematic reviews, no restrictions will be placed on the study design, the population studied or the setting. Studies that do not address PUs, in vitro studies and studies that do not report wound-related outcomes will be excluded. Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction will be performed independently by three researchers. Depending on the extent of heterogeneity of interventions, follow-up time and populations, results will be summarised either by meta-analysis or narrative synthesis. ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to identify, evaluate and summarise the current evidence for enteral arginine and glutamine supplementation on wound-related outcomes in PUs. The review will provide a solid basis for deriving valid and clinically relevant conclusions in this area.

Contribution of environmental determinants to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in a life-course perspective: a systematic review protocol

BackgroundPrevention policies against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) focus solely on individual healthy lifestyle behaviours, while an increasing body of research recognises the involvement of environmental determinants (ED) (cultural norms of land management and planning, local foodscape, built environment, pollution, and neighbourhood deprivation). Precise knowledge of this relationship is essential to proposing a prevention strategy integrating public health and spatial planning. Unfortunately, issues related to the consistency and synthesis of methods, and results in this field of research limit the development of preventive strategies. This systematic review aims to improve knowledge about the relationship between the risk of developing T2DM in adulthood and long-term exposure to its ED during childhood or teenage years.MethodsThis protocol is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) tools. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, EBSCO, and grey literature from the Laval University Libraries databases will be used for data collection on main concepts such as ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’, ‘zoning’ or ‘regional, urban, or rural areas land uses’, ‘local food landscape’, ‘built environment’, ‘pollution’, and ‘deprivation’. The Covidence application will store the collected data for selection and extraction based on the Population Exposure Comparator Outcome and Study design approach (PECOS). Studies published until December 31, 2023, in English or French, used quantitative data about individuals aged 18 and over that report on T2DM, ED (cultural norms of land management and planning, local foodscape, built environment, and neighbourhood deprivation), and their association (involving only risk estimators) will be included. Then, study quality and risk of bias will be conducted according to the combined criteria and ratings from the ROBINS-E (Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies—of Exposures) tools and the ‘Effective Public Health Practice Project’ (EPHPP). Finally, the analytical synthesis will be produced using the ‘Synthesis Without Meta-analysis’ (SWiM) guidelines.DiscussionThis systematic review will summarise available evidence on ED associated with T2DM. The results will contribute to improving current knowledge and developing more efficient cross-sectoral interventions in land management and public health in this field of research.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42023392073.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Background: The emergence of bacterial pathogens and their associated resistance to antibiotic therapy is one of the most serious public health concerns threatening today’s society, including Saudi Arabia’s intensive care units (ICUs). Aim: This study used a systematic review to explore the antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intensive care units (ICUs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The review adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. The search was limited to studies published within 13 years between 2010 and 2023 through CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results: Fifteen studies were reviewed: 12 were retrospective, 1 was comparative historical, 1 was descriptive epidemiologic and 1 was a surveillance study. Most frequently isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter. These pathogens were found resistant to various antibiotics including methicillin, tazobactam, cilastatin, meropenem, tigecycline, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, colistin, penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, carbapenems, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, clindamycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, and cefotaxime. Conclusion: To eradicate future infection outbreaks of K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens in Saudi Arabia’s ICUs, comprehensive surveillance programs, strict infection control and prevention guidelines, and stringent implementation of proactive antimicrobial stewardship program are warranted. Keywords: antibiotic; antibiotic-resistant bacteria; intensive care unit; Saudi Arabia

Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for a Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the stage between cognitive decline due to physiological aging and the severity of decline seen in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer disease (AD), which is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive impairment. People with MCI are at increased risk of developing AD. Although MCI and AD are incurable, nutritional interventions can potentially delay or prevent their onset. Consequently, effective interventions used to decelerate or alleviate the progress of cognitive impairment in older people are a significant focus in geriatric care. Given the synergistic effects of nutrition on health, assessing the effectiveness of nutritional supplements or dietary composition in preventing MCI or AD is essential for developing interventional strategies. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of various nutritional interventions, including special dietary types, dietary patterns, specific foods, nutritional intake, and nutritional supplements, in preventing cognitive decline among patients diagnosed with MCI or AD. To achieve this, we will use a comprehensive approach, including network meta-analysis, pairwise meta-analysis, and systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The review will follow the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) model and the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. Two investigators will independently search PubMed electronically. Data extraction will follow the inclusion criteria, and data will be assessed for risk of bias using a revised tool. Additionally, evidence quality will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The outcomes of interest are assessing the cognitive outcomes in patients with MCI or AD. A systematic literature search will be conducted, identifying randomized controlled trials that investigate the impact of these nutritional interventions on cognitive function decline in individuals with MCI and AD. Network meta-analyses (random-effects model) and pairwise meta-analyses will then estimate the relative effectiveness of different nutritional interventions. We included 51 studies, published between 1999 and 2023 (27 studies for AD and 24 studies for MCI) and involving 8420 participants. We completed data extraction for all 51 studies by December 2023. Currently, we are actively engaged in data analysis and manuscript preparation. We plan to finalize the manuscript and publish the comprehensive results by the end of 2024. Our study holds significant clinical relevance given the rising prevalence of AD and the potential influence of nutritional interventions on cognitive function in individuals with MCI and AD. By investigating this relationship, our research aims to inform evidence-based decision-making in the development of prevention strategies for MCI and AD. The outcomes are expected to contribute to the establishment of reliable recommendations for MCI or AD management, providing substantial support in the field. PROSPERO CRD42022331173; http://tinyurl.com/3snjp7a4. PRR1-10.2196/47196.

IMPACT OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, affecting approximately 2% of the general population and increasing the risk of stroke, heart failure and mortality. AF is often associated with several clinical conditions, including thyroid dysfunction, which can alter metabolism, function and cardiac structure. Thyroid dysfunction can be classified as hypothyroidism (low production of thyroid hormones) or hyperthyroidism (excess production of thyroid hormones), both of which can cause or worsen AF. The mechanism by which thyroid dysfunction affects AF is complex and involves electrophysiological, hemodynamic, inflammatory and structural changes in the atria. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction can improve AF control and reduce thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. However, the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, prognosis and management of AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction are still controversial topics in the literature. Objective: to evaluate the impact of thyroid dysfunction in patients with AF, addressing the following aspects: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and clinical outcomes. Methodology: This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were searched, using the following descriptors: "atrial fibrillation", "thyroid dysfunction", "hypothyroidism", "hyperthyroidism" and "thyrotoxicosis". Articles published in the last 10 years, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, that addressed the proposed topic were included. Articles that were not original, did not have sufficient data or were not relevant to the research question were excluded. Results: 18 studies were selected. The diagnosis of AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction requires confirmation of the heart rhythm by electrocardiogram (ECG) and assessment of serum thyroid hormone levels (TSH, free T4 and free T3). Treatment of AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction aims to restore and maintain sinus rhythm, control ventricular rate, prevent thromboembolic events, and correct thyroid dysfunction. Therapeutic options include antiarrhythmic drugs, antithyroid drugs, anticoagulant drugs, electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, and surgical thyroid treatment. The clinical outcomes of AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction are influenced by the type, severity and duration of thyroid dysfunction, as well as rhythm, frequency and anticoagulation control. AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of arrhythmia recurrence, heart failure, stroke and mortality. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is a frequent and important clinical condition in patients with AF, as it can cause or worsen arrhythmia, as well as increase the risk of complications. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction can improve AF control and reduce adverse outcomes. However, there are still gaps in knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis and management of AF in patients with thyroid dysfunction, which require further studies of high quality and clinical relevance.

Effect of combined oral contraceptive on cardiorespiratory function and immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise: A systematic review protocol.

The use of combined oral contraceptive (COC) is common among women of reproductive age despite the potential risk of them developing thrombotic events. There is a need to understand how COC affects cardiorespiratory function and markers of immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise. This highlights a need for a systematic review to enhance our understanding of how the use of COC affects cardiovascular health in premenopausal women subjected to exercise. This systematic review protocol was prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. An extensive search of relevant literature by two independent reviewers will be conducted through the EBSCOhost interface to access databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Other health sources, including Cochrane CENTRAL, unpublished studies and grey literature, will also be searched. The search will include all studies that report the effect of COC on essential parameters of cardiorespiratory function and markers of immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise. All included studies will be appraised using appraisal tools, while appropriate extraction tools will be used for data extraction. Where possible, eligible studies will be pooled for meta-analysis. If statistical pooling is not feasible, our findings will be presented in a narrative format. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Assessment (GRADE) tool. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021265257.

Does Sperm SNRPN Methylation Change with Fertility Status and Age? A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis.

Background: The Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene is a paternally expressed imprinted gene, whose abnormal methylation appears to be associated with syndromes associated with the use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), such as Angelman and Prader-Willi. Data present in the literature suggest the association between aberrant sperm SNRPN gene methylation and abnormal sperm parameters. The latest meta-analysis on the methylation pattern of this gene in spermatozoa of infertile patients published in 2017 reported a higher degree of methylation in the spermatozoa of infertile patients compared to fertile controls. Objectives: Here we provide an updated and comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the sperm methylation pattern of the SNRPN gene in patients with abnormal sperm parameters/infertility compared to men with normal sperm parameters/fertile. For the first time in the literature, we performed a meta-regression analysis to evaluate whether age or sperm concentration could influence the methylation status of this gene at the sperm level. Methods: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (n. CRD42023397056). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the MOOSE guidelines for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of observational studies were strictly followed in our meta-analysis. According to our Population Exposure Comparison Outcome (PECO) question, we included data from original articles assessing the levels of SNRPN gene methylation at the sperm level in infertile patients or patients with abnormalities in one or more sperm parameters compared to fertile or normozoospermic men. Results: Only six of 354 screened studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our analysis showed significantly higher levels of SNRPN gene methylation in patients compared to controls. However, significant heterogeneity was found between studies. In sensitivity analysis, no studies were sensitive enough to skew the results. The Egger test showed no publication bias. In the meta-regression analysis, the results were independent of age and sperm concentration in the overall population. The same results were found in the control group. However, when analyzing the patient group, a direct correlation was found between SNRPN methylation and age, indicating that the degree of methylation of the SNRPN gene increases with advancing age. Conclusions: Fertility status or abnormality of sperm parameters is associated with a change in the methylation pattern of the SNRPN gene, with higher levels found in infertile patients or those with abnormal sperm parameters compared to fertile men or men with normal sperm parameters. In the group of infertile patients/patients with abnormal sperm parameters, age was directly correlated to the degree of SNRPN methylation, highlighting the presence of a mechanism that explains the age-related altered sperm quality and the risk of ART. Despite some limitations present in the analyzed studies, our results support the inclusion of SNRPN methylation in the genetic panel of prospective studies aimed at identifying the most representative and cost-effective genes to analyze in couples who want to undergo ART.

The role of resonance frequency in slow-paced breathing: Systematic review

Introduction
 A healthy heart does not beat like a metronome because it shows characteristics of complex non-linear oscillations and mathematical chaos, together with the existence of resonance in the cardiorespiratory system (Shaffer et al., 2014). On one swing, the inhalation causes an increase of the heart rate, while the opposite effect is during exhaling, thus having variability properties in the inter-beat intervals. By utilizing this effect of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, resonance frequency (RF) gives insight into the respiratory rate at which this resonance is amplified in the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration systems (Shaffer & Meehan, 2020). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of resonance frequency in Slow-Paced Breathing (SPB) studies, as well as the relation between RF and anthropological measures of gender, height, and age.
 Methods
 We systematically reviewed the literature regarding the role of resonance frequency in the SPB research using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) evidence-based reporting checklist and a Participants, Index Test, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study Design (PICOS) framework (PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42021253009). We included SPB studies with experimental and quasi-experimental designs, conducted on healthy populations that determined individual RF in the breathing protocols, with no specific criteria on gender, age restrictions, or publication year. Additionally, interventions combining RF SPB with biofeedback monitoring were included. Outcomes of the included studies included any psychological or physiological findings. Altogether, 17 studies (n = 810 participants) were assessed for risk of bias with The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist (Moola et al., 2015).
 Results
 Overall, positive effects on psychological constructs like attention control, executive functioning, sleep quality, psychological relaxation, mindful awareness, self-compassion, vigor, self-efficacy, mood, depression, anxiety, and stress have been reported. Physiologically, RF breathing caused a more coherent heart rhythm pattern with high amplitude oscillation, while lowering systolic pressure, decreasing HF power, HR beats per minute, a-amylase and cortisol stress biomarkers, and increasing the average baroreflex gain, SpO2, and LF power. The scarcity of reported data and analysis concerning the effects of anthropological data do not give a strong claim to the existence of height, gender, and age influences, but there is a notion that height and RF are negatively correlated, while men have lower RF than women.
 Discussion/Conclusion
 We conclude the overall beneficial effects of RF breathing on psychological and physiological systems. Namely, improved attention control, executive functioning, sleep quality with fewer disturbances, and psychological relaxation, increased mindful awareness, self-compassion, vigor, and self-efficacy; less worrying and a decrease in total mood disturbance, depression, anxiety, and stress were observed. On a physiological level, RF breathing caused a lowering of systolic pressure, a decrease of HF power, HR beats per minute, a-amylase, and cortisol stress biomarkers, while increasing the average baroreflex gain, SpO2, and LF power through a more coherent heart rhythm pattern with high amplitude oscillation. In regard to the anthropological measures, scarcely reported data suggests the RF is related to the blood volume and the perfusion of the arterial tree, hence men are supposedly having a lower resonance frequency than women, and RF being negatively correlated with height. While these findings are in overall support for RF breathing, they are not ubiquitous, and thus warrants more experimental evidence to test the aforementioned effects. Besides limitations on technical levels and methodological inconsistencies among reviewed studies (e.g., differences in RF determination protocols, operationalization variables and inhale/exhale ratio), one of the major obstacles in the review process was the insufficient gathering and reporting data on some important RF aspects (i.e. no report on detected RF distribution among participants and their anthropological data, control of transient characteristics and lifestyle choices that influence HRV). Finally, future studies should empirically replicate reviewed studies and test the RF biofeedback model in a laboratory and natural setting.
 References
 Shaffer, F., McCraty, R., & Zerr, C. L. (2014). A healthy heart is not a metronome: An integrative review of the heart’s anatomy and heart rate variability. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01040
 Shaffer, F., & Meehan, Z. M. (2020). A practical guide to resonance frequency assessment for heart rate variability niofeedback. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, Article 570400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.570400
 Moola, S., Munn, Z., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., Currie, M., Lisy, K., Tufanaru, C., Qureshi, R., Mattis, P., & Mu, P. (2015). Conducting systematic reviews of association (etiology): The Joanna Briggs Institute’s approach. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000064

Protocol for spatial prediction of soil transmitted helminth prevalence in the Western Pacific region using a meta-analytical approach

BackgroundSoil transmitted helminth (STH) infections are estimated to impact 24% of the world’s population and are responsible for chronic and debilitating morbidity. Disadvantaged communities are among the worst affected and are further marginalized as infection prevalence fuels the poverty cycle. Ambitious targets have been set to eliminate STH infections, but accurate epidemiological data will be required to inform appropriate interventions. This paper details the protocol for an analysis that aims to produce spatial prediction mapping of STH prevalence in the Western Pacific Region (WPR).MethodsThe protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The study design will combine the principles of systematic review, meta-analysis, and geospatial analysis. Systematic searches will be undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, and Web of Science for studies undertaken post 2000, to identify surveys that enable the prevalence of human STH infection within the WPR to be calculated. Covariate data for multivariable analysis will be obtained from publicly accessible sources. Survey data will be geolocated, and STH prevalence and covariates will be linked to produce a spatially referenced dataset for analysis. Bayesian model-based geostatistics will be used to generate spatially continuous estimates of STH prevalence mapped to a resolution of 1 km2. A separate geospatial model will be constructed for each STH species. Predictions of prevalence will be made for unsampled locations and maps will be overlaid for each STH species to obtain co-endemicity maps.DiscussionThis protocol facilitates study replication and may be applied to other infectious diseases or alternate geographies. Results of the subsequent analysis will identify geographies with high STH prevalence’s and can be used to inform resource allocation in combating this neglected tropical disease.Trial registrationOpen Science Framework: osf.io/qmxcj.

Equipment and advances for measuring fatigue in office settings: systematic review protocol

Fatigue in humans is a state that reduces activity, ability to perform, or cognitive functions due to internal sensations such as tiredness, drowsiness, sleepiness, and burnout. It is directly influenced by mentally demanding or stressful tasks and indirectly by physical activities that reduce alertness, mental focus, motivation, and other psychological factors. While fatigue has been studied extensively in various settings such as transport and emergency responders and environments like hospitals, a clear and unified database of equipment to measure fatigue in office work quantitatively has yet to be presented. Considering the importance of fatigue-induced loss of productivity, the need for understanding fatigue in offices is clear. A database regarding what fatigue will cause, its effects on the human body with more precision, and how it is measured will be a good source for future research. A systematic review for fatigue measurement is proposed to determine the relationship between workers' exposure to sedentary status during their working days and fatigue-induced pains and cognitive function reductions. The objective of this systematic review protocol is to establish the criteria necessary for conducting research eventually aimed at mitigating the negative consequences. By doing so, it would enable the creation of programs and measures to minimize these effects. The protocol is founded on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement and is registered on PROSPERO with ID number CRD42023408696.

Potential role of hybrid weight management intervention: A scoping review.

Digital health has been widely used in delivering healthcare, presenting emerging opportunities to overcome barriers to effective obesity care. One strategy suggested for addressing obesity involves a hybrid weight management intervention that incorporates digital health. This scoping review aimed to map existing evidence regarding hybrid weight management intervention. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2012 and May 16, 2023, with language restricted to English. The focus was on controlled trials in which a hybrid weight management intervention was used in the intervention among overweight or obese adults. The scoping review framework followed Arksey and O'Malley's guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISM-P). Full-text article review in the screening stage resulted in a total of 10 articles being included for narrative synthesis. Almost two-third of the articles originated from the United States (60%), followed by Europe and Australia, each accounting for 20%. The most common hybrid weight management intervention type was the combination of face-to-face and telehealth (i.e. phone call/text messaging) (40%), closely followed by a combination email intervention (30%) and mHealth apps intervention (30%). Most of the face-to-face dietary interventions were delivered as a group counseling (80%), while some were conducted as individual counseling (20%). Most studies observed a positive effect of the hybrid weight management intervention on body weight (weight lost 3.9-8.2 kg), body mass index (decreased 0.58 kg/m2), waist circumference (decreased 2.25 cm), and physical activity level compared to standard care. Findings suggest a direct association between hybrid weight management interventions and weight loss. The weight loss ranged from 3.9 to 8.2 kg, with some evidence indicating a significant weight loss of 5% from baseline. There is a need to explore stakeholders' telehealth perspective to optimize the delivery of hybrid weight management interventions, thereby maximizing greatest benefits for weight management.

THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTS ON HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY AND PREECLAMPSIA

Objective:This article aims to discuss the effects of magnesium supplementation on clinical outcomes of pregnancy and highlights the benefits of magnesium supplementation in reducing the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Method: In this systematic review article, the author conducted a literature search using certain keywords and selected articles that were published from 2013-2023, can be accessed in full-text in pdf format, and are in Indonesian or English. The methods used were in accordance with the reporting guidelines provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Results: After carefully searching the database and eliminating articles that were not related to the topic, 6 articles were obtained for review. Hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia are serious health problems that can harm both mother and baby. Magnesium supplements have been studied as a way to reduce the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Conclusion: Magnesium supplements may help reduce the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia.

THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTS ON HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY AND PREECLAMPSIA

Objective:This article aims to discuss the effects of magnesium supplementation on clinical outcomes of pregnancy and highlights the benefits of magnesium supplementation in reducing the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Method: In this systematic review article, the author conducted a literature search using certain keywords and selected articles that were published from 2013-2023, can be accessed in full-text in pdf format, and are in Indonesian or English. The methods used were in accordance with the reporting guidelines provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Results: After carefully searching the database and eliminating articles that were not related to the topic, 6 articles were obtained for review. Hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia are serious health problems that can harm both mother and baby. Magnesium supplements have been studied as a way to reduce the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Conclusion: Magnesium supplements may help reduce the risk of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia.

Variables Affecting 21st Century K-12 Students’ Mathematics Achievements: A Systematic Review

Purpose: This study aimed to use a systematic review of factors affecting K-12 mathematics achievement in the 21st century using only peer-reviewed articles published from 2012 to 2022.
 Methodology: A systematic literature review of factors affecting K-12 mathematics achievement in the 21st century using only peer-reviewed articles published from 2012 to 2022. The Boolean search approach was employed to gather articles from electronic research databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) were used to select a final of 65 articles for the study. A total of 33 axial codes were identified as specific factors from the systematic review conducted.
 Findings: Analysis of the research questions showed a high percentage of the articles conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia, with fewer publications on other continents. The findings showed low published research articles in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A final review of the 65 articles uncovered a total of 32 axial codes as the specific variables affecting K-12 students’ mathematics achievements. These axial codes include gender, socioeconomic status, teacher qualification, and class size.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: While many of these studies have found students, teachers, and schools-related variables as predicting or affecting students’ mathematics achievement, comprehensive research into the specific factors within the identified variables is less researched. This study will bridge this gap and contribute to the research and academic resources pool. Governments and other education stakeholders worldwide can use the findings from this study as a guide in making decisions and improving learners' academic standards.

Dynamic strength and muscle power in elite and non-elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes: a systemat-ic review with meta-analysis

A systematic review with meta-analysis on the dynamic strength and muscle power in elite and non-elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes is essential to provide a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the physical attributes critical for performance, allowing for a better understanding of the training needs and physical characteristics that distinguish different levels of athletes in this sport. Therefore, this study endeavors to comprehensively synthesize existing literature on muscle strength and power in the context of BJJ, making a comparative analysis between elite and non-elite athletes. The research was conducted up to April 20, 2022, employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol to systematically search electronic databases using the keywords: "Brazilian Jiu-jitsu" or "BJJ" or "Jiu-jitsu" and "power" or "muscle power" or "physical fitness" or "muscle strength" or "strength." Following a rigorous selection process, 26 articles were included in the systematic review. Subsequently, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) tool was employed for evidence assessment. The primary assessments of dynamic strength encompassed protocols involving the Bench press, squat, and pull-up-gi. In the context of muscle power, the meta-analysis considered parameters such as the countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, and variables derived from jump power assessed on the force platform, including Peak velocity, peak power, mean power, and maximum force. The data showed a substantial effect size for strength [1.012 (p≤0.0001)] and a moderate effect size for power [0.619 (p≤0.0001)], indicating superior performance among elite athletes compared to their non-elite counterparts. Although power is predominant in most BJJ actions, strength emerges as a crucial element distinguishing elite from non-elite athletes in this sport. This realization carries significant implications for training and injury prevention, as both strength and power necessitate specialized training to enhance performance in the sport. Keywords: Physical Fitness, Martial Arts, Sport Physiology, Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena, Judo

Evaluating resilience of coastal communities upon integrating PRISMA protocol, composite resilience index and analytical hierarchy process

This research intends to investigate the resilience of coastal communities to natural hazards upon adopting: (i) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol as a novel approach for the selection of resilience indicators and major components; (ii) Analytical Hierarchy Process to generate a weight for each indicator and major component of resilience; and (iii) indexing method to calculate the extent of resilience for each community. The results highlight that 25.81 % of the communities in the study area are registered in the very low to low resilience class, whereas 58.07 % are classified as very high to high. Additionally, this research identifies 11 critical action areas for building resilience in Khulna City, which is crucial for major stakeholders in setting up development strategies and plans for disaster risk reduction and sustainability.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Dementia-Friendly Neighborhoods Using a Walkshed Approach: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

The number of people in society living with dementia is growing. In Canada, most people who live with dementia live at home, often in a neighborhood setting. Neighborhood environments can be a source of independence, social engagement, and well-being. They can also contain barriers that limit physical activity, social engagement, and well-being. A dementia-friendly neighborhood includes assets that support persons living with dementia and their caregivers in multiple life domains, including those that support walking within the neighborhood environment. The objectives for this scoping review are twofold. First, focusing on walkshed analysis, we aim to extend scholarly understandings of methodological practices used in the monitoring and evaluation of dementia-friendly neighborhoods. Second, we aim to provide clear and practical guidance for those working in planning, design, and public health fields to assess the neighborhood context in support of evidence-based action to improve the lives of persons living with dementia. The study design follows Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. We will conduct a search of peer-reviewed studies in 6 electronic databases to identify the use of Geographic Information System analysis to measure the walkshed of persons living with dementia in a community setting. As age is a primary risk factor associated with dementia, we will also include studies that focus more broadly on community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. Data will be extracted, analyzed, and represented according to 3 domains. This includes study details, walkshed analysis methods, and criteria and indicators used to measure dementia-friendly neighborhoods. The results of the study and the submission of a manuscript for peer review are expected in June 2024. The results of the review are expected to contribute to an understanding of methods for monitoring and evaluating dementia-friendly neighborhoods. Expected findings will include a detailed breakdown of current parameters and routines used to conduct walkshed analysis. Findings will also convey criteria that can be operationalized in a Geographic Information System as indicators to assess barriers and facilitators to walking in a neighborhood setting. As far as we are aware, the proposed scoping review will be the first to provide comprehensive methodological or technical guidance for conducting walkshed analysis specific to persons living with dementia. Both the scalability and objective nature of walkshed analysis are likely to be of direct interest to public health practitioners, planners, and allied professionals. Clearly documenting methods used in walkshed analysis can spur increased collaboration across these disciplines to enable an evidence-informed approach to improving neighborhood environments for persons living with dementia. PRR1-10.2196/50548.

The value of nanopore sequencing as a diagnostic tool in tuberculous meningitis: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains very difficult. Nanopore sequencing is gaining ground in the field of rapid tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. The purpose of this study was to complete a protocol to guide the conduct of a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of TBM. In accordance with the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, we completed this protocol, which was also registered on the PROSPERO platform. We will search the EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for literature that evaluated the accuracy of nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnosis of TBM and screen them according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and qualified literature will be extracted with relevant data for further analysis. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) will be used for evaluating the methodological quality of included studies. Stata (V 15.0; Stata Corp., College Station, TX, the USA) with midas module will be used to perform relevant meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by I2 statistics. When significant heterogeneity exists between studies, we will conduct meta-regression analyses, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses to further explore the sources of heterogeneity. We completed this study protocol, and this systematic review and meta-analysis will be the first systematic evaluation of the role of nanopore sequencing in the rapid diagnosis of TBM, which will allow clinicians to have a better understanding of the test. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42024549837.

Association of gut microbiota with depression post-myocardial infarction: A systematic evaluation and meta-analysis protocol.

Depression post-myocardial infarction (MI) is becoming more prevalent. The gut-brain axis (GBA), influenced by the gut microbiota, is a critical component in understanding depression post-MI. Despite the well-established connection between gut microbiota and depression post-MI, this relationship remains incompletely understood. This protocol will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2020 statement. Beginning from inception to October 2023, a systematic search will be conducted across eight electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Trials Database, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biomedical Literature Database. Pre-selected studies will be independently assessed by two researchers following a standard inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment protocol. The primary outcome measures are differences in the profile of gut microbiota and rating scale scores for depression. Fixed-effects models will be used when both clinical heterogeneity and statistical heterogeneity are low, otherwise random-effects models will be used. Furthermore, subgroup analyses will be conducted on the depression severity of the participants using the same psychiatric scales employed, study type and geographic region. Random forest plot runs and research-related statistical analyses will be carried out using Rev Man V.5.3 software. This study will identify the association between the gut microbiota and the onset of depression post-MI, and provide evidence for the use of probiotics as an adjunctive treatment for depression post-MI. Prospero registration number: CRD42023444026.