Preferred Name Research Articles

Topical classification of domain names based on subword embeddings

Abstract A good domain name can help a company rapidly increase their brand awareness, attract more visitors, and therefore obtain more customers. Due to the exponential increase in the number of domain names, registrants are often frustrated because their preferred domain names are already taken. In order to enhance registrants’ satisfaction and efficiency, as well as to increase the revenue of registrars (e.g. GoDaddy, Yahoo, Squarespace), it is important to suggest alternative domain names that are available. The first step is to detect registrants’ needs by classifying the attempted domain name to one of the categories. This study is the first that defines the problem of domain name classification, which classifies a registrant’s preferred domain name into pre-defined categories. The paper proposes deep neural networks with subword embeddings that are built in multiple strategies. We build embeddings for character n-grams of a domain name by learning from training data, learning from external corpus, or learning from external corpus and adjusting based on training data. The experiments show that the proposed methods significantly outperform the baselines.

Science Teachers’ and Their Students’ Perceptions of Science and Scientists

The purpose of this study was to explore school science teachers’ and their students’ perceptions of science and scientists. The participants included 116 in-service middle school chemistry teachers who attended a training program at the Faculty of Education, Lebanese University, and 250 of their students, randomly selected from a larger sample of 2345, enrolled in Grades 7-9 at Lebanese public schools all over Lebanon. Using the Draw-a-scientist-test (DAST), qualitative and quantitative data was collected from the participating teachers and their students. The teachers themselves administered the test to their students. Results showed that the stereotypical image of a scientist being a Caucasian, male, working in a lab, and conducting experiments mainly in chemistry were prevalent. There was absence of contemporary scientists and female scientists among the preferred names of scientists delivered by the students. The participants held positive attitudes towards scientists and many students were usually positive about pursuing careers in science and technology. Compared to their teachers, more students thought that scientists make inventions in the field of technology. Students in lower grades had more diverse images of scientists. The stereotypical images increased among students of higher grades and became more similar to those of their teachers and the authors of the textbooks that they use.

Understanding the transgender patient

Understanding the transgender patient

Pessoas trans no ensino superior: lutas por acesso e permanência, a exemplo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2012-2015)

As resoluções normativas das universidades brasileiras que garantem o nome social de alunos e alunas trans foram passo importante na luta por reconhecimento desse segmento populacional. Políticas institucionais como essa podem compor um projeto mais abrangente, a democratização do ensino superior no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se ocupa de um comentário sobre essa problemática e da análise da experiência da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), resultado das lutas por reconhecimento efetivadas em um conjunto de resoluções. Ainda que insuficientes, os avanços têm sido importantes, entre os quais se destaca o direito ao nome social. Esse processo diz das possibilidades de a Universidade brasileira ampliar direitos, contribuindo com o avanço democrático. No entanto, as disputas políticas atuais não dão margem para otimismo no que tange à garantia de direitos e acesso à cidadania, colocando sob ameaça a democratização de espaços como a Universidade.

Botanical Product Use Among Multiple Myeloma Patients in Commercial Drug Trials

Botanical medication use is frequently reported among patients with cancer, including those undergoing treatment. The use of botanical medicines among patients with solid tumors has been frequently studied and concerns raised about the potential for botanical-drug interactions. To date, limited information exists about botanical medicine use for multiple myeloma patients. Furthermore, relatively few studies of botanical medicine use among cancer patients enrolled in commercial clinical trials have been undertaken, despite the importance of these trials for establishing the safety and efficacy of new drugs. We sought to describe botanical concomitant medication use among patients with multiple myeloma enrolled on commercial trials of anti-myeloma investigational products, the content of trial protocols regarding concomitant botanical medications, and the potential for botanical-drug interactions. Using internal FDA databases, we identified eight randomized, multi-arm trials of products submitted to FDA for regular approval from 2015 to 2018 with concomitant medication datasets that used the standard World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (WHO ATC) classification. Botanical products were identified by reviewing concomitant medications from the ATC classes of unassigned/blank, all other therapeutic products, all other non-therapeutic products, and unspecified botanical and traditional medications. Frequently prescribed botanical laxatives such as senna were excluded. We pooled data across the eight trials and compared botanical use by region, disease characteristics, and sociodemographic characteristics. We also assessed the types of botanical products used. Products were categorized into types using the plant name identified from the dictionary or preferred name, where available. We also evaluated whether trial protocols provided guidelines regarding botanical medication use. Finally, we assessed if any of the products could affect CYP3A4 by reviewing information from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's online database for integrative medicine and the Natural Medicines online database for integrative therapies. We evaluated data from 4,712 patients recruited from 40 countries in the pooled intention-to-treat (ITT) populations, of whom 303 (6.4%) used botanical products at any time (on/off trial) and 257 (5.5%) used botanical products while on trial. Nearly all patients (91%) who used botanical products used just a single type of botanical product. The maximum number of products used per patient was three. Patients who used botanical products and those who did not were similar in terms of age, sex, and prior lines of therapy. However, use varied by region. In Asia, 27% of patients used botanicals, compared to 10% in North America and Oceania and 3% in Western Europe. Many botanical medications (49% of all products) could not be classified by plant name. Frequently used medications included ginkgo biloba (6% of all products), milk thistle (5% of all products), and saw palmetto (4% of all products). All trial protocols provided guidelines regarding the use of concomitant medications. Specifically, the protocols included the need to record any concomitant medications and discussed which medications and/or medication classes were required, allowed, and prohibited/restricted. In all protocols we examined, botanical products were not explicitly mentioned in the discussion of concomitant medications. Of the 55 botanical products that could be classified by plant names, preliminary review identified 15 products (27%) that had possible interactions with CYP3A4, although for many of these the evidence was based on in vitro or animal studies. One product, camellia sinensis, was noted to inhibit bortezomib, which was an active agent used in several of the included trials. In conclusion, multiple myeloma patients enrolled in commercial drug trials rarely use botanical medications, although use is more common in some regions. Although use is infrequent, sponsors may wish to consider inclusion of guidance regarding botanical medications in their protocol section relating to concomitant medications, particularly because of the potential for botanical-drug interaction. Of concern is the inability to group many products by plant name, which may obscure the identification of any potential interactions with drugs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Stroke knowledge in underserved Spanish speakers in central California

Race-ethnic disparities in acute stroke care are a major public health problem in the U.S.A. Latinos/Hispanics have higher incidence of stroke, worse outcomes after stroke, and receive less stroke treatment than non-Latino/Hispanic whites. A major barrier to receiving acute stroke treatments is poor stroke knowledge. This study aimed to determine baseline stroke knowledge in Spanish speakers within Central California. 167 Spanish speakers attending health education sessions aimed at underserved Latino/Hispanic Communities completed an 11-question stroke knowledge survey. Approximately 45% reported having middle school education or lower. Most participants (84%) did not recognize the English stroke recognition acronym F.A.S.T. (Face, Arm, Speech, Time). There was a significant relationship between level of education and likelihood of choosing the correct meaning of F.A.S.T. (r = −0.6, p = 0.001). The preferred names for stroke were derrame cerebral (46%) and ataque cerebral (23%). Only 7% chose all five correct stroke signs and symptoms out of eight signs and symptoms of illness. In conclusion, knowledge of common stroke signs and symptoms and of the F.A.S.T. acronym was very low in this population. Future stroke education tools for this population should be simple to understand and should use names for stroke including derrame or ataque cerebral, as the prevailing practice in stroke campaigns of simply using English-Spanish translation of the acronym F.A.S.T. may not be an effective strategy. Culturally-targeted educational tools for increasing stroke knowledge among Spanish-speaking Latinos/Hispanics are urgently needed and will likely improve acute stroke care for this population in the U.S.A. and other Spanish-speaking countries.

Widening the Historic Circle: The Contribution of Women Religious to the Development of Social Work

ABSTRACTThe long-taught history of social work may be missing an important part of its root system. Groups of religious sisters were doing work similar to early English settlement houses years before Toynbee Hall, yet were left out of the history possibly due to their gender, religion, and ethnicity. Using original historic writings and illustrations, this article looks at the early work of women religious – the preferred name for vowed religious women of various faiths – and how they may have had a direct influence on the work of early settlements, an influence not included in social welfare history. The authors call for a social justice response by adding the work of women religious to social welfare history.

The electoral implications of politically irrelevant cues under demanding electoral systems

AbstractCognitively demanding electoral systems increase the chance that voters make their choices based on politically irrelevant cues. To illustrate this argument, I analyze the effect of candidate name complexity—a visual cue that contains no politically meaningful information—in Japan, where voters need to write their preferred candidate's name on a blank ballot paper. I find that when electoral systems require voters to weigh a large number of candidates and simultaneously reduce the usefulness of partisan cues, candidates with more complex names tend to receive lower vote shares. By contrast, under less cognitively demanding systems, candidate name complexity has no effect on election outcomes. These findings have important implications for the debate on the “best” electoral system design.

Document/query expansion based on selecting significant concepts for context based retrieval of medical images.

In the medical image retrieval literature, there are two main approaches: content-based retrieval using the visual information contained in the image itself and context-based retrieval using the metadata and the labels associated with the images. We present a work that fits in the context-based category, where queries are composed of medical keywords and the documents are metadata that succinctly describe the medical images. A main difference between the context-based image retrieval approach and the textual document retrieval is that in image retrieval the narrative description is very brief and typically cannot describe the entire image content, thereby negatively affecting the retrieval quality. One of the solutions offered in the literature is to add new relevant terms to both the query and the documents using expansion techniques. Nevertheless, the use of native terms to retrieve images has several disadvantages such as term-ambiguities. In fact, several studies have proved that mapping text to concepts can improve the semantic representation of the textual information. However, the use of concepts in the retrieval process has its own problems such as erroneous semantic relations between concepts in the semantic resource. In this paper, we propose a new expansion method for medical text (query/document) based on retro-semantic mapping between textual terms and UMLS concepts that are relevant in medical image retrieval. More precisely, we propose mapping the medical text of queries and documents into concepts and then applying a concept-selection method to keep only the most significant concepts. In this way, the most representative term (preferred name) identified in the UMLS for each selected concept is added to the initial text. Experiments carried out with ImageCLEF 2009 and 2010 datasets showed that the proposed approach significantly improves the retrieval accuracy and outperforms the approaches offered in the literature.

Breast Cancer in the Transgender Population.

ES is a 41-year-old transgender male who presented to medical oncology as a referral from surgical oncology for T2N0M0 right breast cancer. At that time, he was receiving weekly testosterone injections intramuscularly at 0.25 mg, and had been on this regimen for 7 months. He was planning bilateral mastectomies in the spring. That winter, he palpated a mass in his right breast, and imaging revealed a 2.5-cm hypoechoic mass. A biopsy of the mass revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, with a nuclear grade of 3. His tumor was estrogen receptor positive (H-score of 180), progesterone receptor positive (H-score of 90), androgen receptor positive (H-score of 220), and HER-2/neu positive by FISH, with a Ki-67 of 90%.The clinical experience of ES illustrates challenges common to the sexual and gender minority population. ES presented to the clinic with a female friend. At that time, his name and gender in the electronic medical record (EMR) matched his driver’s license, and not his preferred name or gender. Consequently, when he was called from the waiting room, he was called by his former name.The staff had not been notified of the appropriate name or pronoun to use prior to ES’s arrival, and consequently was associating ES with a female gender, as indicated in the EMR. When the question about menstrual status was addressed, he stated that he had not had a period in 7 months since beginning testosterone treatment. The medical assistant questioned the use of testosterone, and ES had to explain his gender reassignment journey.By the time the physician assistant (PA) entered the room to perform the first part of the shared visit, ES was visibly upset, expressing anger with nonverbal cues. During the conversation, the PA did not acknowledge or establish the relationship of ES’s female friend. The PA did not address the issue of gender identity, the use of testosterone, or plans for reassignment surgery. The physician also deferred discussion of gender reassignment during his portion of the visit and, without asking about gender reassignment, recommended cessation of testosterone therapy. Neoadjuvant docetaxel/cyclophosphamide/trastuzumab/pertuzumab was ordered, and ES agreed to treatment, but declined following the suggestion to stop testosterone.At each treatment visit, ES had to check in at the desk with his former name, resulting in confusion from the staff. With each lab draw, his name and birthdate were confirmed using the former name. With every administration of chemotherapy, double-nurse verification at the chairside was performed by reading his arm band and comparing it to the drug label. For each visit, ES had to use his old name six times. With new staff assigned to him each week, he felt pressured to explain his gender identity to several new people at each visit. At one particular visit, a patient’s family in the next cubicle overheard this conversation, and ES overheard them discussing and laughing about his gender identity. ES dreaded his chemotherapy appointments not just due to the expected toxicity, but also because of the insensitivity toward his chosen gender.ES tolerated chemotherapy and proceeded to surgery. He underwent bilateral mastectomies by the surgical oncologist, who had discussed his gender reassignment with him and had referred him to plastic surgery for co-management of the surgical intervention. The plastic surgery team planned for reconstruction to include skin and soft-tissue rearrangement to give an incision line along the lower border of the pectoralis for better male cosmetic outcomes. Together, they performed bilateral mastectomies with right sentinel lymph node biopsy, horizontal mastopexy, and nipple-areolar grafting. Ultimately, the pathology revealed a complete response, and ES was pleased with the cosmetic outcome.ES was then started on tamoxifen. Again it was suggested that he discontinue testosterone therapy. He determined that he was more comfortable with an increased risk of recurrence than he was with feminine physical characteristics and chose to continue testosterone. After 6 weeks of tamoxifen, his menses resumed. He elected to discontinue tamoxifen. He had no more vaginal bleeding after that episode. He was referred for bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy (BSO), with the intent to treat with an aromatase inhibitor. He proceeded with BSO and opted against the aromatase inhibitor, citing concerns about unknown interactions with gender-affirming medication. He completed 1 year of trastuzumab (Herceptin) and continued surveillance visits.

Addendum

EPPO BulletinVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 167-167 AddendumFree Access Addendum This article corrects the following: PM 7/117 (1) Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus Volume 43Issue 3EPPO Bulletin pages: 449-461 First Published online: November 19, 2013 First published: 24 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12570AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Addendum PM 7/117 (1) Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus For the Diagnostic Standard PM 7/117(1) Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (preferred name now Hymenoscyphus fraxineus), the Panel on Diagnostics in Mycology and the EPPO Secretariat would like inform the users of the protocol that there are now isolates of the pest from Asia which might not be detected by the real-time PCR tests described in the protocol. Further information on these new isolates are available in Drenkhan et al. (2017). Experts in the EPPO region plan to evaluate the 2 real-time tests as soon as they receive the relevant Asian strains and the EPPO Secretariat plan to revise the protocol in due course, taking into account the results of these evaluations, but preferred to make this warning available first. References EPPO (2013) PM 7/117(1) Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 43, 449– 461. Drenkhan R, Solheim H, Bogacheva A, Riit T, Adamson K, Drenkhan T, et al. (2017) Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is a leaf pathogen of local Fraxinus species in the Russian Far East. Plant Pathology 66, 490- 500. Volume49, Issue1April 2019Pages 167-167 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Integrating Wikipedia Articles and Images into an Information Resource for Radiology Patients.

Wikipedia-an open-access online encyclopedia-contains a large number of medically relevant articles and images that may help supplement glossaries of radiology terms. We sought to determine the extent to which concepts from a large online radiology glossary developed as part of the Patient-Oriented Radiology Reporter (PORTER) initiative could be mapped to relevant Wikipedia web pages and images using automated or semi-automated approaches. The glossary included 4090 concepts with their definitions; the concept's preferred name and lexical variants, such as plurals, adjectival forms, synonyms, and abbreviations, yielded a total of 13,030 terms. Of the 4090 concepts, 3063 (74.9%) had a corresponding English-language Wikipedia page identified by automated search with subsequent manual review. We applied the MediaWiki application programming interface (API) to generate web-service calls to identify the images from each concept's corresponding Wikipedia page; three reviewers selected relevant images to associate with the glossary's concepts. Licensing terms for the images were reviewed. For 800 randomly sampled concepts that had associated Wikipedia pages, 362 distinct images were identified from the MediaWiki library and matched to 404 concepts (51%). Three images (1%) had unspecified licensing terms; the rest were in the public domain or available via a Creative Commons license. Wikipedia and the MediaWiki library offer a large collection of medical articles and images that can be incorporated into an online lay-language glossary of radiology terms though a semi-automated approach.

Exploring the everyday life information needs and the socio-cultural adaptation barriers of Syrian refugees in Scotland

PurposeThis paper presents the research findings of the “Syrian New Scots’ Information Literacy Way-finding practices” research project, funded by the Information Literacy Group of the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the information needs of “Syrian New Scots” (the preferred name for refugees in Scotland), their habitual and adaptive information literacy practices and the barriers and enablers they encounter within their new socio-cultural setting via their interactions with people, tools and processes.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected via interviews with three Local Authority Leads for Syrian Resettlement and focus groups with Syrian New Scots in three geographical locations in Scotland: two rural areas and one urban. Syrian research subjects were also involved in a drawing exercise that helped to contextualise the findings.FindingsThe main information needs expressed by participants revolved around the learning of English language which was linked to addressing health-related information needs, well-being and community engagement. All participants also highlighted the issue of socio-cultural differences in fulfilling everyday life information needs (such as health and housing). Information provision to Syrian New Scots requires a more structured process that acknowledges personalised information needs and it is tailored to the different stages of the adaptation process. The findings suggest that the “ways of knowing” that Syrian refugees bring with them are converging information experiences of past and new knowledge structures gained via different socio-cultural and migration experiences.Originality/valueThe research findings of this project will be of interest to local and regional support organisations and community volunteer groups who contribute to the social well-being and social integration of Syrian refugees. In addition, they may be of interest to public libraries due to their role as centres for educational and cultural orientation sessions, and as places of support for newly settled Syrian refugees and the communities that embrace them.

Assessing Transgender Patient Care and Gender Inclusivity of Breast Imaging Facilities Across the United States

PurposeTo evaluate transgender patient care, gender inclusivity, and transgender health-related policies at breast imaging facilities across the United States. MethodsA survey on breast imaging facilities’ policies and practices regarding transgender care was distributed to the membership of the Society of Breast Imaging, consisting of approximately 2,500 breast radiologists across the United States. The survey was conducted by e-mail in January 2018. ResultsThere were 144 survey respondents. Responses showed that 78.5% of facilities have gender-neutral patient bathrooms, 9.0% have a separate waiting area for transgender patients, and 76.4% do not have dominant pink hues in their facilities, although 54.2% have displays with female gender content. Also, 58.0% of intake forms do not ask patients to provide their gender identity, although 25.9% automatically populate with female phrases. Within the electronic health record, 32.9% lack a distinct place to record patients’ preferred names and 54.9% lack a distinct place to record patients’ gender pronouns. The majority (73.4%) do not have explicit policies related to the care of transgender patients. Only 14.7% of facilities offer lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender training. ConclusionOur national survey demonstrates that many breast imaging facilities do not have structures in place to consistently use patients’ preferred names and pronouns, nor provide inclusive environments for transgender patients. All breast imaging facilities should recognize the ways in which their practices may intensify discrimination, exclusivity, and stigma for transgender patients and should seek to improve their transgender health competencies and foster more inclusive environments.

An updated checklist of the Tenebrionidae sec. Bousquet et al. 2018 of the Algodones Dunes of California, with comments on checklist data practices.

Generating regional checklists for insects is frequently based on combining data sources ranging from literature and expert assertions that merely imply the existence of an occurrence to aggregated, standard-compliant data of uniquely identified specimens. The increasing diversity of data sources also means that checklist authors are faced with new responsibilities, effectively acting as filterers to select and utilize an expert-validated subset of all available data. Authors are also faced with the technical obstacle to bring more occurrences into Darwin Core-based data aggregation, even if the corresponding specimens belong to external institutions. We illustrate these issues based on a partial update of the Kimsey et al. 2017 checklist of darkling beetles - Tenebrionidae sec. Bousquet et al. 2018 - inhabiting the Algodones Dunes of California. Our update entails 54 species-level concepts for this group and region, of which 31 concepts were found to be represented in three specimen-data aggregator portals, based on our interpretations of the aggregators' data. We reassess the distributions and biogeographic affinities of these species, focusing on taxa that are precinctive (highly geographically restricted) to the Lower Colorado River Valley in the context of recent dune formation from the Colorado River. Throughout, we apply taxonomic concept labels (taxonomic name according to source) to contextualize preferred name usages, but also show that the identification data of aggregated occurrences are very rarely well-contextualized or annotated. Doing so is a pre-requisite for publishing open, dynamic checklist versions that finely accredit incremental expert efforts spent to improve the quality of checklists and aggregated occurrence data.

CLINICIAN KNOWLEDGE, COMFORT, AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS IN TREATING TRANS PATIENTS WITHIN A TERTIARY CARE PEDIATRIC CENTRE

Abstract BACKGROUND Historically, there have been numerous barriers to trans people - including youth - in terms of their access to health care in a variety of settings. Trans-specific care for youth is sparse across the country with long wait lists to access care. Further, there is a known period of vulnerability for trans people who have decided to access transition support and have not yet received it. OBJECTIVES This needs assessment survey was a first step to assess what training clinicians have received regarding working with trans patients, how comfortable they are working with trans patients, and what might be barriers to providing good care to trans patients. Addressing clinician perceived barriers may improve access to care. DESIGN/METHODS A 36-question survey was distributed electronically to faculty within the departments of paediatrics and psychiatry and to paediatric residents. The anonymous survey was designed to take approximately 10 minutes. The questions covered the topics of training, comfort, and practice. Data was analysed descriptively, and will be used to inform future educational sessions. Results are reported in the following areas: Training, Comfort, Practice, Barriers and Facilitators. RESULTS 38 clinicians completed the survey (29 faculty, 7 residents). 16% reported having received training in trans-specific care. 86% indicated interest in training in trans-related care, with the majority favouring grand rounds (74%) and online modules (71%) as learning formats. 22 respondents (58%) felt ‘comfortable’ or ‘very comfortable’ in assessing overall health of trans patients. More than 40% of respondents responded ‘not applicable’ to questions about prescription of puberty blockers/exogenous sex hormones, indicating that they consider this outside of their scope of practice. 82% of respondents agreed that they were aware of colleagues to whom they could refer trans patients. Two respondents (5%) indicated that they regularly provide trans-specific care. One respondent (3%) indicated having a religious and/or cultural objection to providing trans-specific health care. Most respondents reported using patients’ preferred names and gender in verbal communication (89%) and when documenting (78%). 68% of respondents indicated that they would mirror language used by patients or try to use gender-neutral language when discussing anatomy. Ten participants with experience in caring for trans patients identified a variety of facilitating factors. It was noted that this is “rewarding work” and “very much needed”. 76% cited a ‘lack of training in trans-specific care’ as the primary barrier. CONCLUSION Information collected from the survey will assist us in creating appropriate educational sessions for the relevant departments. It is hoped that addressing clinician perceived barriers will facilitate better access to care amongst a group of patients that has historically been marginalized within health care.

Response to Diversity

Response to Diversity

Mary Margo McCaffery

MARY MARGO MCCAFFERY, a pioneer in the care of people with pain, died of pneumonia and myocardial infarction on January 8, 2018 at the age of 79 in Marina Del Rey, California. Margo (her preferred name) was born and raised in Corsicana, Texas. She received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Baylor University and a Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University and spent the first part of her nursing career as a professor of nursing at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). In 1970, Margo became self-employed as a consultant and educator on the nursing care of patients with pain, conducting lectures and consultations throughout the world; she retired in 2011. During her career, Margo authored numerous articles, guidelines, position papers, educational videos, and also five books on pain. She became a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing and received numerous prestigious awards and appointments. Chris Pasero, MS, RN-BC, FAAN, is retired, Placitas, NM.

First impressions online: The inclusion of transgender and gender nonconforming identities and services in mental healthcare providers' online materials in the USA

ABSTRACTBackground: When accessing mental healthcare services, transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face systemic barriers to gender-affirmative care. Initial points of contact, like intake forms, may show limited consideration for the heterogeneity of TGNC identities and can lead to negative consequences prior to face-to-face interaction with providers. Aims: The first aim was to mimic a likely pathway a TGNC individual may follow to seek mental healthcare services in the USA and to describe the extent to which they may encounter enacted stigma or affirmative messages that may impede or facilitate access to care. The second aim was to determine if a positive State legal climate for TGNC people was associated with more affirmative provider materials. Methods: Content analysis was used to examine a national sample of websites and intake forms of mental healthcare providers who advertise online as working with TGNC clients. Intake forms were coded for usage of affirmative language in gender/sex questions and including questions for a client's pronouns and preferred name. Websites were coded for mentioning a variety of services or resources for TGNC clients. Results: While provider websites were found through Google searches for a “gender therapist,” only 56.6% of websites stated a provider specialty to work with TGNC clients and 32.1% of websites had no mention of services or resources for TGNC people. Additionally, a significantly larger proportion of intake forms from States with legal protections for TGNC people used affirmative language in gender/sex questions and asked for a client's pronouns than intake forms from States without legal protections. Discussion: Barriers to affirmative healthcare for TGNC people within patient and provider interactions have been identified in previous research and these data show TGNC individuals may face enacted stigma even in their search for a provider, particularly those TGNC people living in States without legal protections.

Design of Brand Names of Medicines Considering Subjects’ Preferences

Only recently, regulations on the names of medicines were developed. Regulations are mainly focused on avoiding the approval of medicine names that may be confusing to others. Furthermore, legal requirements do not include testing for human factors, such as potential users' preferences. To develop a set of new brand names of medicines, to determine subjects' preferred names, and to evaluate if the linguistic features of these names were related to subjects' preferences. Forty-six new names linguistically equivalent to the Portuguese brand names of medicines were developed. A panel of 13 postgraduates on linguistic studies were purposively enrolled. Participants were required to select and categorize the 6 most preferred names. From the 29 selected names: 62.1% ended in consonants, 65.5% contained at least one syllable of the CVC type, and 62.1% presented final stress. Considering these 3 linguistic features, there were statistically significant differences between the preferred and underpreferred names: χ2 = 4.572, P = .032; χ2 = 5.599, P = .018; and χ2 = 4.572; P = .032, respectively. Some linguistic features of the evaluated names were related to subjects' preferences. Tests on subjects' preferences about the names of medicines may provide additional safety features addressed by the present regulations.