Preferred Areas Research Articles

Seasonal distribution of ringed seal in the White Sea monitored by satellite tagging

Data on the seasonal distribution and ecology of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) were obtained from the results of seal tagging with satellite telemetry transmitters (STT) in the White Sea. STT "Pulsar" worked in the Argos system. Catching and tagging of ringed seals were carried out in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea in autumn 2008 and 2016 and in the summer of 2020. 5 tags were installed on seals of different ages. It was shown in the summer the ringed seals did not make long movements and remained on the littoral. The seals moved long distances in autumn, the average daily distance between observation points was 43 km per day. The ringed seal preferred areas with open water and the sea edge of landfast ice in winter. The ringed seal could stay for more than two months in the pelagic zone above the depth of 20 m. Priority directions of movement haven’t been identified. We suggest this feature of the seals' behavior in the White Sea is associated with the seasonal distribution of food.

Seasonal variation of microbial community and methane metabolism in coalbed water in the Erlian Basin, China.

Coalbed water is a semi-open system connecting underground coalbeds with the external environment. Microorganisms in coalbed water play an important role in coal biogasification and the carbon cycle. The community assemblages of microorganisms in such a dynamic system are not well understood. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis to investigate microbial community structure and identify the potential functional microorganisms involved in methane metabolism in coalbed water in the Erlian Basin, a preferred low-rank coal bed methane (CBM) exploration and research area in China. The results showed that there were differences in the responses of bacteria and archaea to seasonal variation. Bacterial community structure was affected by seasonal variation but archaea was not. Methane oxidation metabolism dominated by Methylomonas and methanogenesis metabolism dominated by Methanobacterium may exist simultaneously in coalbed water.

Medical student interest and participation in research at one rural clinical school: Insights from the last six years.

Limited evidence is currently available relating to research acitivity of medical students training in regional or rural areas. To describe medical student interest and participation in research at The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School (UQRCS). Annual student expression of interest surveys were collated with records of student research participation maintained at UQRCS from 2017-2022. Additionally, a systematic search was conducted to identify student outputs not captured in internal records. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for all descriptive data along with proportions of students who engaged with a project, and projects that led to a peer-reviewed publication. At UQRCS commencement, 55% of research-interested students reported having basic research skills. Thirty-nine percent of research-interested students engaged with a project, most commonly literature reviews (47%) or audits (29%). Thirty-three percent of completed projects led to a peer-reviewed manuscript. Students who engage with a project are unlikely to receive a project in their preferred clinical area and should be informed about the transferrability of research skills. Most students have basic research skills when commencing a project and therefore require ongoing support and mentorship from staff/supervisors. Publication rates of medical students in regional/rural areas are comparable to those reported by metropolitan medical schools (~30%).

Mandibular İnterforaminal Bölgede İmplant Cerrahisinde Karşılaşılabilecek Vasküler Komplikasyonlar ve Yönetimi

Mandibular interforaminal bölge, birçok ağız ,diş ve çene cerrahisi protokolünde özellikle de dental implant uygulamalarında tercih edilen bir alandır. Son yıllardaki vaka raporları, mandibular interforaminal bölgede birçok komplikasyonla karşılaşılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bunlardan en tehlikeli ve yaşamı tehdit edeni de üst solunum yolu obstrüksüyonuna kadar varabilen lingual arter yaralanmalarıdır. Tecrübeye bağlı olmaksızın karşılaşılabilecek bu komplikasyondan kaçınmak ancak mandibular interforaminal bölgenin vasküler anatomisine hakim olmak, işlem öncesi gerekli radyografik tetkik ve incelemeleri yapmış olmaktan geçmektedir. Hastayla ilgili yetersiz radyografik tetkik bulunması ya da anatomik varyasyon varlığı gibi durumlarda bu şekilde bir kanama komplikasyonuyla karşı karşıya kalındığındaysa, hekimin süreci ve komplikasyonu yönetebilecek bilgi ve donanımda olması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada mandibular interforaminal bölgesinin anatomik vasküler anatomisi, lingual foramenler ve bulunma sıklıklarıyla birlikte komplikasyondan kaçınma ve başa çıkma yöntemleriyle ilgili literatür özetlenmiştir. Böylece diş hekimlerinin bu ciddi komplikasyonla ilgili bilgilerini tazelemek amaçlanmaktadır.

Effect of Landform on the Distribution of Metroxylon sagu Habitat in Yapen Islands, Papua Province, Indonesia

Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) plays a vital role in the Papuan indigenous community’s social, economic, and cultural life. It is a source of staple food, household income, and embedded cultural values. This research aimed to determine the extent of sago palm habitat spread using spatial data. The classification method and multispectral imaging were used by employing satellite imagery (Landsat 8 and Quick Bird) and field surveys. The sago forest coverage in Yapen islands was 87.73%, located between 9–50 masl, covering 9,456.26 ha. The results revealed that 43.53% of the habitat lies in the inclination of 2–8% (extreme gentle slope), covering 4,692.45 ha. Sago forest was found in a gleysol soil type with precipitation of 3,000-3,100 mm. The sago forest distances of 0–250 m and 251–500 m to the coastline showed that the habitat covers an area of 153.87 ha and 368.19 ha. The preferable area in this category is Raimbawi Subdistrict, followed by Kosiwo, and the less suitable area, or the marginal land, is in Windesi Subdistrict. Keywords: Alternative crop, Metroxylon sagu, sago, spatial distribution, Yapen Islands

A profile of modern hunters in Antalya province, Türkiye

The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of modern hunters in Antalya province based on the data of the Game Management Information System (AVBIS) being overseen by and under control of the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Türkiye. According to the study results, the educational status of hunters was the following: the group with the primary school level made 7.8%, with the secondary school level made 4.5%, with the high school level made 9.9%, with the associate level made 0.6%, with the undergraduate level made 3.9%, with the master level made 2.7%, and with the unknown educational status were determined to be 70.06%. Considering the professional status, it was determined that 79,3% were of unknown status, 1.6% were retired persons, 3.4% were tradesmen, 1.6% were workers, 2.9% were public sector employees, 0.8% were students, 2.0% were employees from the private sector and 8.4% were self-employed persons. It was revealed that for gaming the hunters visited Aksu State Hunt, Serik State Hunt, and Gebiz State Hunt (3.29%) most frequently. The least preferred gaming areas were Gazipaşa Sıvastı Çığlık State Hunt and Kaş Asas Hunt (1.41%). Usually, hunters prefer to gun for common blackbird (Turdus merula L.) foremost (9.69%) and coot (Fulica atra L.) least of all (1.07%). As is evident from this study, socio-demographic profiles of hunters in Antalya province, Türkiye, and in Europe appears to be similar. However, a significant difference was observed in the number of women hunters registered. While the average number of women hunters in some European countries reached 10.5%, no women hunters were registered in Türkiye. Keywords: game management, information system, hunter, game animals, wildlife, profile

Dead Sea level decline pushed a sensitive ecosystem out of equilibrium, causing the relocation of a colonial bird breeding site

ABSTRACT Capsule Dead Sea Sparrows Passer moabiticus transferred their historical breeding colony location, following geo-ecological and hydrological changes, to a new, less arid zone within a nature reserve. Aims To find biotic and abiotic factors affecting the choice of nest sites by Dead Sea Sparrows, in order to locate potential breeding areas and plan in advance for their protection. Methods Mapping old and new nest sites of Dead Sea Sparrows within Einot Tzukim nature reserve, Dead Sea Valley, and using anthropogenic and geo-ecological GIS layers, we created a map of the potential preferred breeding colony area. Results We found the biotic and abiotic factors affecting nest site preference of Dead Sea Sparrows, which included areas far from human activity, areas close to historic springs, and areas affected by a major fire. New areas in the reserve exposed by the retreating Dead Sea were inhabited by the birds, which gradually transferred their breeding centre to a less arid zone within the reserve. Conclusion When managing colonial breeding sites, it is crucial to understand the role of both natural and anthropogenic influences in order to prioritize sites for conservation and management. Producing a preference map, based on such data, can help managers locate potential breeding areas and plan in advance for their protection.

Chaotic-Map Based Encryption for 3D Point and 3D Mesh Fog Data in Edge Computing

Recent decades have seen dramatic development and adoption of digital technology. This technological advancement generates a large amount of critical data that must be safeguarded. The security of confidential data is one of the primary concerns in fog computing. As a result, achieving a reliable level of security in the fog computing environment is crucial. In this context, 3D point and mesh fog data are becoming increasingly popular among the various types of data stored in the fog. Data encryption using chaotic behavior is one of the preferred research areas due to its unique properties, such as randomness, determinism, sensitivity to initial conditions, and ergodicity. In this paper, we have taken advantage of this chaotic behavior to achieve higher security. This study presents a novel approach for protecting the privacy of 3D point and mesh fog data. Initially, the fog data coordinates are transformed using the sequence generated by the chaotic behavior. Then, bifurcation analysis is used to depict the enhanced scope of the proposed map. The quality of the proposed chaotic system is assessed using metrics such as the Lyapunov exponent and approximate entropy. Results show that the proposed encryption framework performs superior when subjected to brute-force and statistical attacks. Further, the designed framework produces better results than the prior literature.

A SURVEY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SYNANTHROPIC COCKROACHES IN ANIMAL FARMS AND FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS IN BULGARIA

Cockroaches are pests of veterinary and public health importance with their role as pathogen spreaders. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of synanthropic species of cockroaches in animal farms (AFs) and food processing plants (FPPs). The survey was carried out in 52 sites (42 AFs and 10 FPPs), by questionnaire-visual survey and monitoring catch method. The presence of cockroaches was found in 78.57% of AFs and 0% of FPPs. The industrial pig farms are the most frequently and highly affected – all of them were infested in high density. The oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) was the dominant species. An inhomogeneous distribution was found in invased pig farms with preferred areas of localization in the new-born sectors and sanitary filters. The obtained results are proof of the need to strengthen insect monitoring and pest control in animal farming, especially in pig farms.

Remote sensing shows south-east Queensland koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) prefer areas of higher tree canopy height within their home ranges

Context Home range studies allow investigation of faunal habitat use within a well-defined area, and for some species, the concept of ‘core’ and ‘non-core’ home ranges provides the means to examine how resource use varies within home ranges. Taking this approach, we investigated whether koalas preferentially used areas of taller forest canopy within home ranges. After an extensive examination of data quality and home range estimation methods, we used remote sensing techniques to provide canopy height information at high resolution. Aims In many areas, koalas prefer taller individual trees at the plot scale; our aim was to investigate whether koalas prefer forest areas with higher canopy height within their home ranges. Methods In our southeast Queensland study area, we developed a canopy height model (CHM) from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. Existing radio telemetry and GPS data from 135 koalas were used to generate home ranges using 95% kernel density estimators, and 50% kernels represented core home ranges. Some home ranges occupied more than one forest type (Regional Ecosystem – RE); we treated each RE as an individual patch, and used 225 patches in our analysis. We intersected the 95% kernels with the CHM, and used hierarchical spatial clustering to derive four categorical canopy height classes within each patch. We then compared differences in height class area proportions between core and non-core areas for each patch. Key results The highest of the four canopy height classes comprised a significantly higher proportion of core areas (42.3%) than non-core areas (30.7%). Classes 2 and 3 were evenly distributed, and the proportion of Class 4 (lowest canopy height) was 20.3% of non-core areas and 11.0% in core areas. Results were similar for REs grouped by Land Zone and individual REs. Conclusions and implications We conclude that areas of higher canopy are an important habitat resource for koalas. We have, for the first time, examined resource variability within entire koala home ranges using remote sensing, and our methods demonstrate an avenue for further research using other forms of remote sensing. Classified canopy height models could also be used for strategic conservation planning, and at population-level koala habitat management when combined with other relevant habitat factors.

Value Orientations and Practices of Social Activity of Nonresident Students in Kazan and St. Petersburg

The structure of value orientations and the specifics of the implementation social activity practices of nonresident students studying in the leading universities of the two largest cities in Russia - Kazan Federal University (Kazan) and the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) are analyzed. Based on the results of mass representative surveys, a comparative analysis of the studied parameters was made, a correlation was revealed between different types of values in the system of value orientations of students of two universities. A factor analysis has been carried out and factors characterizing the structure of social activity of nonresident students in the cities under consideration have been identified. Factor analysis by preferred areas of activity made it possible to identify three specific groups of respondents among Kazan Federal University students and four groups at the Higher School of Economics-St. Petersburg.

Effect of Different Types of Floors on Beetal Goats’ Preference, Lying, Standing, and Elimination Behavior

Production and performance of small ruminants is affected by the fluctuation of the housing system. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the behavior of Beetal goats on different types of floors including soil, sand, sawdust, and concrete. Twenty-eight (n=28) female Beetal goats having age of 3±0.5 years and weight 40±5kg were selected randomly and behavioral observations were recorded from 20 March to 3 May 2019 (spring season). All animals were individually weighed and randomly divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4) have seven animals each. Each group was restricted (remain on the one floor) for 10 days to each of the four treatments i.e., T1 (soil), T2 (sand), T3 (sawdust), and T4 (concrete). After the restriction phase, free access was given to all four groups for all the four treatments i.e., T1 (soil), T2 (sand), T3 (sawdust), and T4 (concrete) for 2 days, so that animal can spend time at any floor willingly and no of animals spending time between treatments was recorded. The data for the selected parameters (Lying time, lying bouts, standing time & other, Preference lying time, Preference Standing time & other, Defecation frequency, Urination frequency) were collected for one hour at 12:00, 16:00, 20:00, 24:00, 04:00, and 08:00 hours in the last two days of each treatment period. The method of behavioral observation was based on the method of “Time sampling and “Point sampling. The maximum average lying time observed on soil was 37.00min/hr, urination frequency was observed more on sand (1.10/hr) and defecation frequency was found more on soil (1.33/hr.) Average lying time during the free access period was also higher on soil 30.53min/hr as compared to other flooring types. Finally, it is found that lying time was higher on the soil floor, although the result was not significantly more urination frequency was noticed on the sand floor. Multiple floors in the far may provide the preferred area for goats lying and elimination and consequently help in managing the animal health security. The purpose of this study is to provide awareness about the effect of floor on the production and performance of Beetal goats.

PRIMERA CITA DEL PARÁSITO EXÓTICO Lernaea cyprinacea LINNAEUS, 1758 (CRUSTACEA, COPEPODA, LERNAEIDAE) AFECTANDO Cnesterodon decemmaculatus JENYNS, 1842 (OSTEICHTYES, CIPRINODONTIFORMES, POECILIDAE)

Lernaea cyprinacea is an extremely invasive exotic parasitic copepod that was introduced into the Neotropical region in the 1980s. It affects both farmed and wild native fish. In Uruguay it has been recorded in eight non-native species of ornamental fish and in five native species. In spring 2018 fish were sampled in a dugout pond in the Montevideo Department, where 20 specimens of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus were captured, some of which visibly parasitized by the copepod. This is the first report of this parasite affecting C. decemmaculatus. The prevalence of the parasitosis was 75% (15/20), while the average intensity of infestation was 2.73 parasites per fish(41/15). There is a positive correlation between the intensity of the parasitosis and the size of the fish. The preferred area for fixation of parasites is the ventral part of the body, followed by the caudal peduncle.

APPLICATION OF AHP AND GIS FOR OPTIMAL SOLAR SITE IDENTIFICATION IN MADHESH PROVINCE, NEPAL

Solar-based renewable energy adoption is in its early stage in the power system of Nepal complying with its commitment to carbon neutrality. The government of Nepal has declared a goal of setting up solar power plants of at least 200 MW in Madhesh Province, but the selection of optimal sites will be the decisive factor in achieving this goal. Therefore, rigorous investigation is necessary for optimal site selection. A three-step framework combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographical Information System (GIS) has been adopted to identify the optimal location for solar power plant installation in Madhesh Province. The framework includes the creation of weighted individual raster images for the different criteria, images of restricted areas for solar installation, and a combination of all the rasters into a single raster using GIS-based software. The weights of the criteria and sub-criteria have been evaluated using the AHP model, which is an expert judgments-based model. The criteria considered were solar irradiance, annual mean temperature, distance from the road, distance from the substation, distance from the urban area, elevation, aspect, and land use. The results were graded from the least preferred area to the most highly suitable area. The most highly suitable areas were in the Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusa, and Mahottari districts, while the districts in the western region of the province had less suitable areas. Thus, the province’s eastern region is most suitable for installing solar power plants.

In-situ growth of silver complex on ZIF-8 towards mixed matrix membranes for propylene/propane separation

Propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) separation is a typical energy-intensive industrial processes and the membrane-based separation technology is promising as its low-energy separation effectiveness. Hence, we developed a new ZIF-8 composite material as nanofillers that functionalized by a silver complex (Ag3pz3) via in-situ growth method. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation result shown that the Ag3pz3 exhibits much stronger interaction with C3H6 than that of C3H8, and this diversity can effectively facilitate C3H6 transport through membrane. Furthermore, this composite material reveals a preferable surface area and unique sieve pore structure that same as ZIF-8. Besides, the Ag complex have no destroy on ZIF-8 inner cage framework, which may confirm its potential for C3H6/C3H8 separation. Accordantly, such composite material was incorporated in polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) to fabricate mixed-matrix membrane for C3H6/C3H8 separation. The optimum MMM possess a higher ideal selectivity (11.7) and propylene permeability (3767 Barrer), and exhibits a selectivity of 9.5 with propylene permeance of 3708 Barrer for a C3H6/C3H8 (50:50) mixture. Such high permeability with excellent selectivity surpasses the Trade-off line of polymer membrane and such MMMs may have significant potential for separation applications. Besides, this ZIF-8 composite material can provide inspirations for exploring and designing ZIFs materials in membrane-based gas separation.

AN EVALUATION OF ARİF V 216 FILM IN THE CONTEXT OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT APPLICATIONS IN CINEMA

Ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları medya üretimlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan reklam stratejilerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları ile firmalar; kendi markalarına, ürünlerine veya hizmetlerine ait tanıtım ve reklam yapmak veya hedef kitlelerine bu marka veya hizmete yönelik farkındalık kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları için sıklıkla tercih edilen alanlardan biri de sinema filmleridir. Sinema filmlerinde en çok uygulanan sponsorluk türlerinden biri olan içerik entegrasyonu Türkiye’de 1980’li yıllardan itibaren uygulama alanı bulmuş, teknolojinin gelişimine paralel olarak bütün medya içeriklerinde görülmeye başlanmıştır. Sinema filmleriyle başlayan serüven günümüzde televizyon programları ve dijital platformlarla devam etmektedir. Sinema sektöründe ürün yerleştirme yaygın olarak kullanılan bir reklam tekniğidir. Arif V 216 filmi söz konusu tekniğin kullanıldığı filmlerden oluşan geniş evrenin temel karakteristiklerini yansıtması nedeniyle örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Filmde ürün yerleştirme tekniğinin kullanım yerleri ve biçimi içerik analizi tekniğiyle tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları ve türleri ele alındıktan sonra filmde yer alan Arçelik marka ürünlerin ve hizmetlerin analizi yapılmış, sinema filmleri ve sponsorluk ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

Seasonal home range and habitat selection patterns of sika deer Cervus nippon in southern Hokkaido, Japan

In 1980 and 1981, eight and nine individual sika deer Cervus nippon were reintroduced in southern Hokkaido, Japan, respectively, to address population declines in this species during 1900s. As recent population growth has led to human–wildlife conflicts, this study investigated the responses of sika deer to resource availability and geomorphic factors during the summer and winter seasons in southern Hokkaido. Global positioning system‐collared data collected from 2016 to 2018 were used to assess the home range patterns and habitat selection of 14 female sika deer located in Mount Esan and Shiriuchi. The core home range size was defined using a 50% kernel density estimation that indicated a larger home range in winter than summer for all deer. Habitat selection was assessed using generalized linear mixed models. The results showed variation in habitat selection between resident deer of Mount Esan and Shiriuchi, as well as migratory deer in Shiriuchi during summer. Resident deer in Mount Esan and Shriuchi preferred areas closer to crops during summer. Interaction effects revealed that migratory deer utilized natural grassland close to forest edge habitat in Shiriuchi. By contrast, resident deer in Shiriuchi selected forest edge habitat and natural grasslands close to crops. In winter, low elevation was the most important habitat factor for all deer across the study area. Thus, sika deer habitat selection depends on resource availability in summer and topographic factors in the winter.

Investors’ Preference for Creating Impact: (A study to understand impact investors’ preference while making investment in India)

Purpose: The main aim of this article is to analyse the preference of impact investors when it comes to the selection of ventures for investment. The study has been conducted with the sole objective of trying to evaluate the choices of impact investors in the Indian market. In addition to this, the present study strives to find out how a certain venture turns out to be the most preferred area of investment and what instrument is preferred to invest in for impact investments, and the criteria that guide investors to arrive at their choice of investment portfolios in Indian impact investment market. Design/Methodology/Approach: A choice-based conjoint experiment has been done in which respondents have to rank the different options which were generated by orthogonal arrays based on their preference. The preference function was computed by using OLS regression. Findings: It has been revealed through this study that while deciding to invest for impact, first preference is accorded to stage of investment in terms of highest importance value which was ensued by their behavioural penchant to do impact investment. Impact investors are inclined to invest in social ventures having the most innovative ideas in response to addressing social problems. The most preferred area of investment is the healthcare sector which is ensued by agriculture and education. Research Limitations: The real behaviour of an individual cannot be predicted through an online survey, which restricts the generalization of the study. Practical Implications: This study presents a simple yet empirical tool that will undoubtedly aid social entrepreneurs, impact investors and other investors to understand the leanings of impact investors and allows them to understand in a better way, how investors’ behaviour differs while making investment decisions in India. The findings will also help policymakers to create a more conducive environment for impact investing in India. Originality/Value: The article is unique in the sense that it endeavours to analyse the impact investors’ preferences and choices with the application of conjoint analysis in the Indian perspective.

Grizzly bear habitat selection across the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem

Understanding habitat selection is challenging but key for species of conservation concern, including grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). Here we demonstrate an approach for understanding and predicting habitat use over multiple stages that test hypotheses of animal behavior, use newly gained knowledge to mechanistically simulate individual movements, translate results to predictive habitat maps, and test their predictive power across a large spatiotemporal scale. Grizzly bears in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem of northwest Montana served as our study system. Mechanistically modeling grizzly bear movements demonstrated that grizzly bears have highly individualistic spatial behaviors. Some individuals avoided whereas others preferred areas of vegetation green-up, terrain ruggedness, forest edge, riparian areas, building densities, and secure habitat. Such individualism supported the need for an individual-based modeling approach to understand and predict grizzly bear behavior. External validation using >375,000 GPS locations for 261 individuals over nearly 2 decades demonstrated mean Spearman rank scores of >0.90 across seasons and years, and overall scores of 1.0. The top 5 classes of our predictive habitat maps contained 73.5 % of female fixes and 83.6 % of male fixes, and the top class (comprising 10 % of mapped area) contained 25.6 % and 41.7 % of female and male fixes, respectively. Results of this research provide tools for conservation planning and serve as the basis for future grizzly bear research within our study system and beyond. Our multi-stage approach for understanding and predicting habitat use has high utility for conservation of myriad threatened species around the globe.

Rift-uplift-depression accumulation-controlling models of the large gas province in Cambrian pre-salt, Tarim Basin, China

The Cambrian pre-salt has the accumulation conditions for forming a compound large gas province and was the strategic replacement area with the lowest exploration level and the largest exploration potential in the Tarim Basin. However, no significant discoveries have been found in the exploration for many years. The key problem is that the unclear controlling factors and spatial distribution of the hydrocarbon generation center and scale beach reservoir result in the ambiguity of favorable exploration directions and zones. Given this, a comprehensive application of seismic, drilling, well-logging, mud-logging, and geochemical data has been carried out to study the source-controlling, reservoir-controlling, caprock-controlling, and accumulation-controlling of the Cambrian pre-salt area, constructing the accumulation-controlling model and defining the favorable zones and exploration breakthrough direction. The following points have been gained: (1) Paleo-rifts controlled hydrocarbon generation center. The rift-depression structure formed in the Nanhua System to Sinian System provided the structural background for the development of the Lower Cambrian and controlled the deposition of the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation. In the negative tectonic area controlled by rifting, the thickness of the Yuertusi Formation was large and formed the hydrocarbon generation center. (2) The paleo-uplifts controlled the development of beach facies dolomite reservoir. The paleo-uplifts formed simultaneously with the Nanhua System paleo-rifts controlled the development and distribution of high-energy beaches in the Xiaerbulake Formation, and large-scale dolomitic beach facies reservoirs were formed on both sides of the Tanan paleo-uplift. (3) The paleo-depression controlled the development of gypsum-salt caprock. In the Middle and Late Cambrian, the Taxi platform has closed and formed a strong evaporation environment, while a wide-covering gypsum-salt caprock was deposited in the unified depression within the platform due to the development of the Luntai-Gucheng near the north-south rimmed platform margin. (4) The time-space matching of rift-uplift-depression controlled the formation and distribution of oil and gas. Three types of accumulation-controlling models, the stable rift-uplift-depression, the active rift-uplift-depression, and the transitional rift-uplift-depression, were established, indicating the stable and transitional areas as the main exploration directions, and the Aman low uplift between Awati Sag and Manxi Sag as the preferred target area for the large gas province in Cambrian pre-salt.