Preferential Selection Research Articles

Spatial Regression Models for Field Trials: A Comparative Study and New Ideas.

Naturally occurring variability within a study region harbors valuable information on relationships between biological variables. Yet, spatial patterns within these study areas, e.g., in field trials, violate the assumption of independence of observations, setting particular challenges in terms of hypothesis testing, parameter estimation, feature selection, and model evaluation. We evaluate a number of spatial regression methods in a simulation study, including more realistic spatial effects than employed so far. Based on our results, we recommend generalized least squares (GLS) estimation for experimental as well as for observational setups and demonstrate how it can be incorporated into popular regression models for high-dimensional data such as regularized least squares. This new method is available in the BioConductor R-package pengls. Inclusion of a spatial error structure improves parameter estimation and predictive model performance in low-dimensional settings and also improves feature selection in high-dimensional settings by reducing “red-shift”: the preferential selection of features with spatial structure. In addition, we argue that the absence of spatial autocorrelation (SAC) in the model residuals should not be taken as a sign of a good fit, since it may result from overfitting the spatial trend. Finally, we confirm our findings in a case study on the prediction of winter wheat yield based on multispectral measurements.

CRCM5484: A BET-BDII Selective Compound with Differential Anti-leukemic Drug Modulation.

Differentially screening the Fr-PPIChem chemical library on the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) BRD4-BDII versus -BDI bromodomains led to the discovery of a BDII-selective tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidinone (THPTP)-based compound. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and hit-to-lead approaches allowed us to develop CRCM5484, a potent inhibitor of BET proteins with a preferential and 475-fold selectivity for the second bromodomain of the BRD3 protein (BRD3-BDII) over its first bromodomain (BRD3-BDI). Its very low activity was demonstrated in various cell-based assays, corresponding with recent data describing other selective BDII compounds. However, screening on a drug sensitivity and resistance-profiling platform revealed its ability to modulate the anti-leukemic activity in combination with various FDA-approved and/or in-development drugs in a cell- and context-dependent differential manner. Altogether, the results confirm the originality of the THPTP molecular mode of action in the bromodomain (BD) cavity and its potential as a starting scaffold for the development of potent and selective bromodomain inhibitors.

SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and COVID-19 Clinical Outcome: Mutation Global Frequency Dynamics and Structural Modulation Hold the Key.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had an enormous burden on the healthcare system worldwide as a consequence of its new emerging variants of concern (VOCs) since late 2019. Elucidating viral genome characteristics and its influence on disease severity and clinical outcome has been one of the crucial aspects toward pandemic management. Genomic surveillance holds the key to identify the spectrum of mutations vis-à-vis disease outcome. Here, in our study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the mutation distribution among the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered and mortality patients. In addition to the clinical data analysis, the significant mutations within the two groups were analyzed for their global presence in an effort to understand the temporal dynamics of the mutations globally in comparison with our cohort. Interestingly, we found that all the mutations within the recovered patients showed significantly low global presence, indicating the possibility of regional pool of mutations and the absence of preferential selection by the virus during the course of the pandemic. In addition, we found the mutation S194L to have the most significant occurrence in the mortality group, suggesting its role toward a severe disease progression. Also, we discovered three mutations within the mortality patients with a high cohort and global distribution, which later became a part of variants of interest (VOIs)/VOCs, suggesting its significant role in enhancing viral characteristics. To understand the possible mechanism, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nucleocapsid mutations, S194L and S194*, from the mortality and recovered patients, respectively, to examine its impacts on protein structure and stability. Importantly, we observed the mutation S194* within the recovered to be comparatively unstable, hence showing a low global frequency, as we observed. Thus, our study provides integrative insights about the clinical features, mutations significantly associated with the two different clinical outcomes, its global presence, and its possible effects at the structural level to understand the role of mutations in driving the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heat transfer enhancement of Fe 3 O 4 ‐water nanofluid by the thermo‐magnetic convection and thermophorestic effect

The promotion of the heat transfer by ferro-nanofluid under a magnetic field has caught more extensive attention in the field of nuclear industry and energy engineering. Firstly, a modified model based on the Buongiorno model was proposed to investigate the heat transfer considering the Kelvin force in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field to elevate the heat transfer performance of nanofluid using thermomagnetic convection. Secondly, the influence of Kelvin force, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion of nanoparticles on the heat transfer at a moderate Reynolds number was investigated. The numerical results indicate that the chaotic convection induced by the Kelvin force and the thermophoretic effect are much important factors. Thirdly, the numerical results demonstrate that the NSN and NSN/SNS arrangements of magnets should be the preferential selection. Besides, the more powerful magnetic field and greater volume fraction of nanoparticle can produce better heat transfer performance. Finally, the discussions on the underneath mechanisms for heat transfer augment are conducted, and it can be concluded the thermomagnetic convection induced the combination of the magnetic effect and thermophoretic effect may be the key mechanism.

Mechanistic study of the effect of Endothelin SNPs in microvascular angina - Protocol of the PRIZE Endothelin Sub-Study.

Microvascular angina is a common cause of ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) and limited therapeutic options are available to those affected. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor implicated in the pathophysiology of microvascular angina. A large randomised, double blinded, placebo controlled crossover trial, the PRecIsion medicine with ZibotEntan in microvascular angina (PRIZE) trial is currently underway, investigating an endothelin receptor antagonist - Zibotentan, as a new drug treatment for microvascular angina. The trial uses a 'precision medicine' approach by preferential selection of those with higher ET-1 expression conferred by the PHACTR1 minor G allele single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The incidence of this SNP occurs in approximately one third of the population therefore a considerable number of screened patients will be ineligible for randomisation and the treatment phase of the trial. In the PRIZE Endothelin (ET) Sub-Study, patients screened out of the PRIZE trial will be genotyped for other genetic variants in the ET-1 pathway. These will be correlated with phenotypic characteristics including exercise tolerance, angina severity and quantitative measures of microvascular function on cardiovascular MRI as well as mechanistic data on endothelin pathway signalling. The study will provide a comprehensive genotype and phenotype bio-resource identifying novel ET-1 genotypes to inform the potential wider use of endothelin receptor antagonists for this indication.

Coexisting neuronal coding strategies in the barrel cortex.

During tactile sensation by rodents, whisker movements across surfaces generate complex whisker motions, including discrete, transient stick-slip events, which carry information about surface properties. The characteristics of these events and how the brain encodes this tactile information remain enigmatic. We found that cortical neurons show a mixture of synchronized and nontemporally correlated spikes in their tactile responses. Synchronous spikes convey the magnitude of stick-slip events by numerous aspects of temporal coding. These spikes show preferential selectivity for kinetic and kinematic whisker motion. By contrast, asynchronous spikes in each neuron convey the magnitude of stick-slip events by their discharge rates, response probability, and interspike intervals. We further show that the differentiation between these two types of activity is highly dependent on the magnitude of stick-slip events and stimulus and response history. These results suggest that cortical neurons transmit multiple components of tactile information through numerous coding strategies.

Who settles where? Simulating urban growth and socioeconomic level using cellular automata and random forest regression

Cities in developing countries share a pattern of accelerated and largely unplanned urbanization that results in internal socioeconomic inequalities. The modeling of urban growth with spatial distribution of socioeconomic groups has been studied only to a limited extent. This paper proposes a method to simulate both urban growth and the socioeconomic group that is likely to settle in a particular location as a function of local environmental characteristics. Using a cellular automata model, newly urbanized cells are identified and then, as a post-processing step, distributed among five socioeconomic groups in a preferential settlement selection process. A land value map learned with a random forest regressor is used for this purpose. Our case study is Greater Mexico City during the period 1997–2010. We identified that the main features influencing the location of socioeconomic groups are the closest socioeconomic group, the distance to water bodies, and the distance to the urban center. This suggests that the newly urbanized cells are likely to settle in neighborhoods of similar socioeconomic levels. Moreover, the increasing distance from the urban center results in a generally decreasing land value. However, regions with a high land value were also found in remote areas where environmental features that improve the ecosystem services are present.

Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) brushes-functionalized UiO-66-NH2 metal-organic framework for high and selective adsorption of dyes

Advanced adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity are desirable. Here, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH2 @poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate, Nass), was synthesized using the high surface area of MOFs as a substrate and the high grafting density of surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). UiO-66-NH2 @poly(Nass) was used to adsorb different dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of methylene blue (MB) and basic fuchsine (BF) was 299.8 and 789.2 mg·g−1, respectively, which were higher than those of Sudan I (SD I, 6.340 mg·g−1), neutral red (NR, 188.1 mg·g−1), methyl orange (MO, 199.5 mg·g−1), and acid chrome blue K (AK, 122.3 mg·g−1). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated, and it was confirmed that the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudosecond-order kinetic model fit our adsorbents. In the binary mixed solution, the removal rate (R) of MB reached 64.44%, while that of MO was only 3.340% for MB/MO. R was 64.29% for MB and 21.97% for AK for MB/AK and 97.45% for BF and 30.03% for MO for BF/MO, verifying the preferential selectivity to adsorb basic dyes. The superior adsorption was ascribed to multiple interactions, including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π accumulation. In addition, the effect of grafting poly(Nass) on the pore size of UiO-66-NH2 was studied. The excellent stability showed that the R dropped by less than 15.62% after five consecutive cycles. The UiO-66-NH2 @poly(Nass) was applied in the determination of MB and BF in water, crucian carp, and green shrimp. Good linearity was observed for MB (R2 = 0.9971) and BF (R2 = 0.9993) in the range of 0.2–30 and 0.5–50 μg·mL-1, respectively, with satisfactory recoveries (in the range of 87.45–101.3% for MB and 90.34–98.86% for BF), achieving favorable practicability.

Why trans and not cis? - Molecular dynamics and DFT study on selective separation of dihaloethene isomers using perethylated pillar[5]arene.

The separation of mixtures of isomers is a daunting task. It is found that perethylated pillar[5]arene can separate trans-dichloroethene from its cis isomer. This work deals with the host-guest interactions and the selective separation of trans dihaloethene over cis-dihaloethene using perethylated pillar[5]arene. From this work, one can understand why only trans dihaloethenes are encapsulated while cis-dihaloethenes are not. Initially, molecular dynamics was performed at different picoseconds for the 1 : 1 inclusion complexes. In addition to these, MD simulation on a mixture of cis & trans isomers has also been done to ensure the preferential selectivity of perethylated pillar[5]arene towards the trans isomer. A brief DFT study was carried out to explain the better encapsulation of trans-dihaloethene in perethylated pillar[5]arene. Frontier molecular orbital analysis provides information on the stability and reactivity of the dihaloethene isomers. The non-covalent interactions between the host and the guest are determined using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Energy decomposition analysis indicates that the solvent phase influences the binding energy to a greater extent compared to the gas phase and orbital interaction energies are reduced substantially upon moving from the gas to the solvent phase. The Gibbs free energy indicates that these isomers readily form inclusion complexes with perethylated pillar[5]arene. Overall our results provide valuable information on the non-covalent interactions that drive the inclusion phenomenon in these host-guest systems.

Process Modelling and Experimental Analysis of Optimal Specimen Selection in Organic CMCs

Bone grafting is a surgical restructuring procedure of replacing broken bones and reconstructing missing bone pieces so that complex bone fractures can be repaired to avoid any serious health risk as well as permanent bone disfiguration. Normally, human bones tend to regenerate and heal completely from fracture. But it needs a small scaffold to provide the necessary space to grow. Bone implants allow a broken bone to grow seamlessly. Traditionally, non-corrosive metal alloys are used for fixing broken bones. A metal plate is fastened between two ends of broken bones to join them. However, issues like high weight, high cost, low wear resistance, etc. led to the emergence of ceramics and ceramic-based composites in surgical engineering. Recent trends indicate the usage of organic ceramics and their associated composites as biomimetic materials for prostheses and other biomedical applications. This research paper deals with the fabrication of one such type of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) specimen with sea sponge and cuttlebone using powder metallurgy process by varying composition of cuttlebone, the particle size of the ceramics and sintering temperature of green compacts. Evaluation of thermo-mechanical properties and optimization of process parameters is carried out using the preferential selection index (PSI) method. The results obtained from this technique are further validated using Multi-Level General Factorial Design (MLGFD).

Multi-criteria decision making in electrical discharge machining with nickel coated aluminium electrode for titanium alloy using preferential selection index

In the present scenario, great effort is expended to improve the machining process by adopting multi-criteria decision making in electrical discharge machining (EDM). In this research article, an attempt was made to optimize the process parameters of EDM with Nickel Coated Aluminium Electrode for machining Titanium Alloy using Preference Selection Index (PSI). The experimental work were performed using Taguchi based L16 orthogonal to solve multi-objective optimization problem. The current (I), voltage (U) and pulse on time (Ton) were used as input response variables for investigation process while material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) were selected as performance measures. The experimental results show that set of optimized parameters of the multi-objective optimization problem in EDM with nickel coated aluminium electrode could improve the machining with better surface measures with less deviation from the prediction. The combination between PSI and Taguchi method reduced and saved significantly the experimental time and cost and increased accuracy for optimization process.

Abstract P095: Isogenic CRISPR anchor screens identified actionable nodes to CHK1/2 inhibitor prexasertib in TP53 mutant cancer

Abstract TP53 is the most mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers and is a master regulator of a wide array of cellular processes including but not limited to cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. Due to its diverse functions, therapies specifically exploit the vulnerabilities created by TP53 loss remained elusive. We established a panel of TP53 isogenic pair cell line models by knocking out TP53 from WT cell lines and observed that CHK1/2 inhibitor prexasertib showed preferential selectivity toward TP53 KO cell lines. To thoroughly examine additional nodes which could further exploit this selective sensitivity, we carried out genome-wide prexasertib anchor screen in A549 isogenic lines employing CRISPRn, CRISPRi and CRISPRa platforms. From these functional genomics screens, we identified that targeting the anti-folate pathway genes (TYMS, DHFR) showed selective synergy with prexasertib specifically in TP53 KO cells. Secondly, a panel of iron metabolism genes was identified across different CRISPR platforms as candidate TP53 context specific synthetic lethal hits synergize with prexasertib. And lastly, additional sub-context was identified which may inform patient selection strategy for prexasertib as single agent. Citation Format: Teng Teng, Stephen Paik, Shan-chuan Zhao, Ashley Choi, Steven A. Lombardo, Shangtao Liu, Samuel R. Meier, Yi Yu, Jannik N. Anderson, Alan Huang, Fang Li, Xuewen Pan. Isogenic CRISPR anchor screens identified actionable nodes to CHK1/2 inhibitor prexasertib in TP53 mutant cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P095.

Simulating grazing beef and sheep systems

CONTEXTRuminant livestock make an important contribution to global food security by converting feed that is unsuitable for human consumption into high value food protein, demand for which is currently increasing at an unprecedented rate because of increasing global population and income levels. Factors affecting production efficiency, product quality, and consumer acceptability, such as animal fertility, health and welfare, will ultimately define the sustainability of ruminant production systems. These more complex systems can be developed and analysed by using models that can predict system responses to environment and management. OBJECTIVEWe present a framework that dynamically models, using a process-based and mechanistic approach, animal and grass growth, nutrient cycling and water redistribution in a soil profile taking into account the effects of animal genotype, climate, feed quality and quantity on livestock production, greenhouse gas emissions, water use and quality, and nutrient cycling in a grazing system. METHODSA component to estimate ruminant animal growth was developed and integrated with the existing components of the SPACSYS model. Intake of herbage and/or concentrates and partitioning of the energy and protein contained in consumed herbage and/or concentrates were simulated in the component. Simulated animal growth was validated using liveweight data from over 200 finishing beef cattle and 900 lambs collected from the North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP) in southwest England, UK, between 2011 and 2018. Annual nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide emissions from individual fields were simulated based on previous validated parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSA series of statistical indicators demonstrated that the model could simulate liveweight gain of beef cattle and lamb. Simulated nitrogen (N) cycling estimated N input of 190 to 260 kg ha−1, of which 37–61% was removed from the fields either as silage or animal intake, 15–26% was lost through surface runoff or lateral drainage and 1.14% was emitted to the atmosphere as N2O. About 13% of the manure N applied to the NWFP and excreta N deposited at grazing was lost via ammonia volatilisation. SIGNIFICANCEThe extended model has the potential to investigate the responses of the system on and consequences of a range of agronomic management and grazing strategies. However, modelling of multi-species swards needs to be validated including the dynamics of individual species in the swards, preferential selection by grazing animals and the impact on animal growth and nutrient flows.

Affirmative Action Policies in Academic Job Advertisements: Do They Facilitate or Hinder Gender Discrimination in Hiring Processes for Professorships?

Evidence of female-favoring hiring preferences for assistant professorships suggests that universities can implement affirmative action programs successfully. However, research on the role of applicant gender and the actual use of affirmative action policies in hiring processes for high-level professorships remain scarce. A web-based experiment with 481 economic university members assessed whether evaluators perceived a female applicant as less qualified than a male applicant for an associate professorship position when the job advertisement highlighted the university’s commitment to affirmative action (gender-based preferential selection) but not when it solely highlighted its commitment to excellence (non-gender-based selection). Contrary to previous experimental findings that affirmative action would adversely affect female applicants, evaluators perceived the female applicant as more hirable and ranked her first for the job significantly more often than the male candidate. Furthermore, male evaluators had a stronger preference for the female candidate in the gender-based condition than in the non-gender-based condition and a stronger preference for the male candidate in the non-gender-based condition than in the gender-based condition. Overall, the results provide evidence that gender-based preferential selection policies can evoke their intended effect to bring highly qualified women to high-level professorships, especially when being evaluated by non-beneficiaries of these policies, such as men.

Structure elucidation, in vitro binding studies and ROS-dependent anti-cancer activity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) phthaloylglycinate(phen) complexes against MDA-MB-231 cells.

New mononuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II)-based complexes 1 [Cu(L)2(diimine)HOCH3] and 2 [Zn(L)2(diimine)] have been synthesized as anti-cancer chemotherapeutics targeted to tRNA. The structure elucidation of complexes 1 and 2 was carried out by spectroscopic and single X-ray diffraction studies. In vitro interaction studies of complexes 1 and 2 with ct-DNA/tRNA were performed by employing various biophysical techniques to evaluate and predict their interaction behavior and preferential selectivity at biomolecular therapeutic targets. The corroborative results of the interaction studies demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 exhibited avid binding propensity via intercalative mode of binding toward ct-DNA/tRNA. Electrophoretic assay revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 were able to promote single- and double-strand cleavage of the plasmid DNA at low micromolar concentrations under physiological conditions in the absence of an additional oxidizing or reducing agent. RNA hydrolysis studies revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 could promote tRNA cleavage in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxic potential of complexes 1 and 2 was evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which showed that the complexes were able to inhibit the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial superoxide anion assay revealed that the complexes 1 and 2 induce a dose-dependent activity, suggesting the involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to cell death.

Preferential selection of zooplankton and emergence of spatiotemporal patterns in plankton population

This paper deals with the spatiotemporal pattern forming phenomena of plankton populations under preferential selection. For this, a diffusive predator-prey interaction of zooplankton and two phytoplankton populations, where zooplankton feeds on both the phytoplanktons with some preference, is considered and analyzed. Our study reveals that such selective predation may cause various Turing and non-Turing patterns. Non-Turing patterns arise near the neutral preference, however, Turing patterns are more prominent when zooplankton is strongly inclined to either prey. Though all patterns formed in the Turing region are stationary in time, the convergence time of the solutions may be significantly different due to the nature of the roots of the characteristic equation.

Community detection in social networks by incorporating the preferential selection

Abstract In the last decade, online social networks (OSNs) have become popular among researchers. Now, almost a third of the world’s population uses it. The recent boom of technologies provides opportunities to improve the processing and mining of social data. The proposed approach detects communities in the OSNs using the concepts of a preferential selection of neighbours. The proposed work is evaluated on real-world datasets as well as computer-generated datasets. It is also compared with other state-of-the-art community detection algorithms for normalized mutual information and F1-measure values. The cumulative performance of the algorithm is found to be superior, which outperforms other state-of-the-art community detection algorithms.

Insights into the Molecular Competitive Adsorption Mechanism of CH4/CO2 in a Kerogen Matrix in the Presence of Moisture, Salinity, and Ethane.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in shale and coal seam gas reservoirs has become one of the most popular ways to promote methane (CH4) production. However, geological factors affecting the CO2 enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) projects have not been studied in great depth, including underground moisture, subsurface water salinity, and other gases accompanying CH4. Thus, a hybrid methodology of molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is employed to reveal the gas adsorption and displacement mechanisms at a fundamental molecular level. This study generates a type II-D kerogen matrix as the adsorbent. The simulation environment includes 0-5 wt % moisture content, 0-6 mol/L NaCl saline, and 0-5 wt % C2H6 for up to 30 MPa at 308, 338, and 368 K. The impressions of moisture, C2H6, and salinity on gas adsorption and competitive adsorption characteristics are analyzed and discussed. On the basis of the simulation results, the preloaded H2O molecules negatively influence CH4 adsorption, leading to a 44.9% reduction at 5 wt % moisture content. Additionally, 6 mol/L NaCl within 5 wt % moisture content exhibits a further 9.8% reduction on the basis of the moisture effect. C2H6 presents a more noticeable negative impact, of which 5 wt % results in a 73.2% reduction in CH4 adsorption. Moreover, the competitive process indicator, preferential selectivity SCO2/CH4, is analyzed and discussed in the presence of the mentioned factors. Moisture positively influences SCO2/CH4, salinity promotes SCO2/CH4, and C2H6 develops SCO2/CH4. These factors would encourage the displacement processes of CH4 by CO2 injection. This study provides essential information for better gas resource estimation and gas recovery improvement in unconventional systems.

A facile approach for tuning optical and surface properties of novel biobased Alginate/POTE handleable films via solvent vapor exposure

Novel biobased films consisting of alginate blends with poly (octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester) (POTE), a conducting polymer, were prepared by solution casting, and their optical, morphological, thermal, and surface properties were studied. Using UV–visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effects of tetrahydrofuran solvent vapors on the optical properties and surface morphology of biobased films with different POTE contents were studied. Results indicate that morphological rearrangements of POTE take place during the process of solvent exposure. Specifically, the solvent vapor induced the formation of POTE small crystalline domains, which allows envisioning the potential of tuning UV–visible absorbance and wettability behavior of biobased films. Finally, theoretical electronic calculations (specifically frontier molecular orbitals analysis) provided consistent evidence on POTE's preferential orientation and selectivity toward the THF-vapor medium.

Research on crack cracking mechanism and damage evaluation method of granite under laser action

Laser rock-breaking will produce cracks on the rock, and the cracking of the cracks affects the efficiency of laser rock-breaking. In this paper, the laser rock-breaking experimental platform was set up, the morphological characteristics of granite damage and the distribution of temperature field under different laser irradiation times (2∼10 s) were analyzed by SEM and infrared thermal imager. The results show that the temperature of the melting zone under the action of laser is maximum, and the damage manifests itself in the form of step-like pattern fracture. While the damage form of damage zone and thermal affected zone is mainly crack cracking. With the increase of laser irradiation time, the temperature gradient at the same location on the granite surface becomes larger. According to the temperature distribution of granite, innovatively proposed a laser rock breaking simulation model based on the discrete element method, which can reflect the cracking process of rock under the laser. The simulation results show that crack cracking is a dynamic failure process. During the laser irradiation process, the melting zone cracking manifests itself as a tensile failure, while the damage zone and thermal affected zone were dominated by tensile–shear composite damage. The laser rock-breaking efficiency can be improved by controlling the laser damage to the rock in the form of tensile damage. Finally, innovatively established a method for evaluating rock damage under laser action, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the damage degree of laser rock-breaking and provide a new means for the preferential selection of laser parameters in future drilling processes.