Tendency For Preference Research Articles

ANALISIS PREFERENSI NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH PT. BPRS BHAKTI SUMEKAR KANTOR CABANG PRATAMA GILI GENTING

ABSTRACT
 Introduction: preference when choosing a banking institution to transact have a diversity of percepation. The lack of public knowledge of Islamic banking institutions is a fundamental problem for Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) as a sharia banking institution on the island of Gili Genting.
 Methods: In this study, the research design used descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is the scientific sampling technique, that is , anyone who happens to meet, if it is seen that the person found is suitable as a data source. The data presented in this study include the mean, median, mode, tables, graphs, pie charts. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis processed with SPSS.
 Results: The results of this study can be concluded that: First, the level of customer knowledge about the operational system of BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office based on sharia principles is very good with an average value of 4.32, the information received by customers is very good with an average value the average is 4.23, and the tendency of customers' preference for BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office is very good with an average value of 4.28. Second, the reasons for costumers to choose BPRS Bhakti Sumekar at the Gili Genting Pratama Branch office are very diverse, as well as the products offered, not all of them have high demand, 36% of costumers do not only transact at one bank, but have an account at another bank, and expectatons costumers for BPRS Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama branch office so that it can be more useful for the Gili Genting Community.
 Conclusions and suggestions: Customer preference for BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office is in the very good category with a range of scores (average between 4.20-5.00 or a score between 81%-100%).
 
 Keywords: Preference, Costumer, BPRS.
 ABSTRACT
 Introduction: preference when choosing a banking institution to transact have a diversity of percepation. The lack of public knowledge of Islamic banking institutions is a fundamental problem for Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) as a sharia banking institution on the island of Gili Genting.
 Methods: In this study, the research design used descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is the scientific sampling technique, that is , anyone who happens to meet, if it is seen that the person found is suitable as a data source. The data presented in this study include the mean, median, mode, tables, graphs, pie charts. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis processed with SPSS.
 Results: The results of this study can be concluded that: First, the level of customer knowledge about the operational system of BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office based on sharia principles is very good with an average value of 4.32, the information received by customers is very good with an average value the average is 4.23, and the tendency of customers' preference for BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office is very good with an average value of 4.28. Second, the reasons for costumers to choose BPRS Bhakti Sumekar at the Gili Genting Pratama Branch office are very diverse, as well as the products offered, not all of them have high demand, 36% of costumers do not only transact at one bank, but have an account at another bank, and expectatons costumers for BPRS Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama branch office so that it can be more useful for the Gili Genting Community.
 Conclusions and suggestions: Customer preference for BPRS Bhakti Sumekar, Gili Genting Pratama Branch Office is in the very good category with a range of scores (average between 4.20-5.00 or a score between 81%-100%).
 
 Keywords: Preference, Costumer, BPRS.

Community Perspective Towards Higher Education in Nepal: A Study of Needs and Expectations

This paper reports a study undertaken to address the concern of relevance of higher education in Nepal, with a view to dig out the community needs, aspirations, expectations, and the factors affecting people’s access to higher education - based on the data collected from 385 household heads and members residing in the communities located in the service areas of 14 colleges belonging to five universities of the country; and the communities include 14 ethnicities categorized under 4 ethnic groups and an additional ‘others’ group. An interview schedule was administered for data collection from the households; and the responses were gathered for analysis. Regarding the community needs, it was found that people primarily realize the importance of academic streams of knowledge, followed by the techno-vocational and ethno-indigenous knowledge. For the purpose of educating their children at higher level, however, people have a tendency of lower preference towards the ethno-indigenous knowledge compared to the remaining two streams. While the individual and family-related factors are found as the main obstacles (affecting factors) towards their children’s access to higher education, they tend to have expectations from the community and colleges for support to increase the access in various ways.

Atomic-scale evidence of chemical short-range order in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy

High (or medium)-entropy alloys (H/MEAs) are complex concentrated solid solutions that may develop chemical short-range order (CSRO). In this regard, CrCoNi, the prototypical face-centered-cubic MEA, has recently kindled a debate in the H/MEA community, as it is uncertain if CSRO can possibly form in such a multi-principal-element solution, where no equilibrium or metastable intermetallic compounds have ever been seen or predicted. To answer this challenging question, here we present firm experimental evidence for the CSRO from electron diffraction as well as atomic-resolution chemical mapping, under an appropriate zone axis. We also develop a methodology to reliably determine the locations of atomic columns from the line scan profiles in the chemical maps, as well as a quantitative covariance-based correlation analysis of the column chemical compositions to reveal the spatial correlations between various atomic pairs. The detailed chemical information affirms the tendency for like-pair avoidance and unlike-pair preference, specifies the preferred atomic packing and plane stacking by the three constituent species, and suggests a proposed atomic configuration that constitutes the CSRO motif. The fraction of CSRO regions is moderately lowered after either plastic deformation or high-temperature heating. A comparison is also made with previous attempts to identify CSROs in H/MEAs.

아유르베다의 유형과 MBTI 성격유형의 비교연구

This study compared Ayurvedic and MBTI personality types. A person's personality type has a great influence on behavioral patterns and interpersonal relationships, so it is useful to use this as a tool for understanding people and for career guidance or counseling. The MBTI personality type is a combination of the polarities of the four preference tendencies. It is classified as a combination of extroversion-introversion, sense-intuition, thought-feeling, and judgment-perception. In Ayurveda, the ancient Indian traditional natural healing system, the three doshas are classified as vata (air), pitta (fire), and kapha (water). And, in terms of mentality, it is classified into three gunas: sattva, rajas, and tamas. Finally, the combination of three dosha and three guna shows the characteristic of classifying mind and body types. In Ayurveda, patterns do not stay in a single stage, but change with interaction and continuity. Therefore, it emphasizes psycho-spiritual growth through self-improvement. The MBTI personality type is the current state of inner psychology, and there is a difference in that the innate personality type does not change. Therefore, it should not depend on any one type classification in the classification of people. It is necessary to recognize and apply the differences using various types of classification methods.

Crustal Structure Across the Northern Region of the Islas Marías Archipelago

The tectonic interaction between the Rivera and North American plates north of the Bahía de Banderas is poorly understood. The nature of the crust and where the subduction ends in the western part of the Islas Marias Archipelago are still controversial. Based on new geophysical data provided by the TsuJal project, we present the shallow and deep crustal structure of the Rivera–North American plate contact zone along two seismic transects, TS09b and RTSIM01b, and the bathymetry obtained across the northern region of María Madre Island. Detailed bathymetric analysis allowed mapping of a series of lineaments along the study region, with two main preferred tendencies (020–050° and 290–320°) associated with the evolution of the Pacific-Rivera rise and the transform faults of the Gulf of California, respectively. The shallow structure is characterized by five sedimentary basins without deformation, whose horizons are subparallel, suggesting that the sediment deposition occurred after the extension process ended. The deep structure corresponds to a transition between oceanic crust (Rivera Plate), with an average thickness of ∼10 km to the Islas Marías Escarpment, and a thinned continental crust, whose thickness increases toward the continent until it reaches 28 km, with a dip angle of 7–10°. The absence of an accretionary prism suggests that the subduction process of the Rivera Plate beneath the North American Plate to the north of Islas Marías has ceased. In this study, we determined that the morphological expression of the northern limit of the Rivera Plate corresponds to the Islas Marías Escarpment.

Atomic-Scale Evidence of Chemical Short-Range Order in CrCoNi Medium-Entropy Alloy

High (or medium)-entropy alloys (H/MEAs) are complex concentrated solid solutions that may develop chemical short-range order (CSRO). In this regard, CrCoNi, the prototypical face-centered-cubic MEA, has recently kindled a debate in the H/MEA community, as it is uncertain if CSRO can possibly form in such a multi-principal-element solution, where no equilibrium or metastable intermetallic compounds have ever been seen or predicted. To answer this challenging question, here we present firm experimental evidence for the CSRO from electron diffraction as well as atomic-resolution chemical mapping, particularly under an appropriate zone axis. We also develop a methodology to reliably determine the locations of atomic columns from the line scan profiles in the chemical maps, as well as a quantitative covariance-based correlation analysis of the column chemical compositions to reveal the spatial correlations between various atomic pairs. The detailed chemical information affirms the tendency for like-pair avoidance and unlike-pair preference, specifies the preferred atomic packing and plane stacking by the three constituent species, and suggests a proposed atomic configuration that constitutes the CSRO motif. The fraction of CSRO regions is moderately lowered after either plastic deformation or high-temperature heating. A comparison is also discussed with previous endeavor identifying CSRO in H/MEAs.

Co-alloying effects on the site preference and the elastic properties of γ′-Ni3Al from first-principles calculations

The influences of co-alloying atom pairs Ta–X (X: Ta, Mo, W, Cr, Co, and Re) on the site preference and elastic properties of γ′-Ni3Al precipitate phase were studied using first-principles calculations, and the underlying mechanism for the strengthening effect is determined. It is found that the site preferences of Ta–X co-alloying atom pairs are in the sequence of Al–Al, Al–Ni, Ni–Al, and Ni–Ni sites except for Ta–Co. The atom pair Ta–Co does not display a strong site preference tendency. The elastic properties for the Al–Al configuration were examined, and the results were compared with those of single-alloying to investigate the co-alloying effect. It is shown that the elastic modulus and hardness are obviously improved by co-alloying. Moreover, the effect of co-alloying is stronger than that of single-alloying. The further analyses by the charge density difference and the electronic density of states reveal that the strong effect of the co-alloying is attributed to the enrichment of the charge density between X and its nearest-neighbor Ni, as well as the orbital hybridization between Ta/X-d and Ni-d which acts as covalentlike bonds. Our results can provide an in-depth insight into the physics in the strengthening effect of co-alloying elements on the mechanical properties of single crystal superalloys.

Analysis of Plant Type and Color Preference and Psychological Assessment for Gardening Activities of Firefighters

Background and objective: This study investigated plant type and color preference and conducted a psychological assessment for gardening activities of fire-fighters in a high-risk occupational group.Methods: A survey was conducted on 117 firefighters aged 39.01±9.17 in Sunchang in March 2020 to examine their preferences in plant type and color and conduct a psychological assessment of firefighters on gardening activities.Results: For plant experience and awareness, plant-related event showed the highest score, followed by plant preference tendency and plant growing experience. The level of plant gardening activities was higher among older age and higher job position. As a result of examining the quality of life according to the demographic characteristic with WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument), it was found that the quality of life was higher among the 20s–30s than 50s, firefighter position than fire lieutenant or higher, those with higher average monthly income, and the singles group than married (p < .05). The administration group showed lower scores than the fire suppression group working in the field, showing statistical significance. Most firefighters showed high preference for herbal plants among the 12 types of flowering plants, in the order of Rosmarinus officinalis > Lavandula spp. > Mentha piperita, Calendula officinalis. Pelargonium spp. was preferred the least out of the flowering plants, Lycopersicon esculentum was preferred the most out of 12 types of vegetable plants, while Angelica acutiloba was preferred the least statistical significance. For the preference of plant colors, yellow was the most preferred color, followed by white, blue, orange, red, and green, showing statistical significance. For the psychological survey responses of emotion words toward 6 plants colors, it was found that ‘bright’ was the emotion felt most strongly by the white, yellow, and orange groups, ‘calm’ and ‘comfortable’ by the green and blue groups, and ‘fancy’ by the red group.Conclusion: The effect of agro-healing programs can be increased by using mostly yellow plants when creating indoor healing gardens at the workplaces of fire officials in a high-risk occupational group, and using herbal plants and Lycopersicon esculentum in the gardens for agro-healing activities.Key words: fancy, fire lieutenant, world health organization quality of life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-BREF)

A Qualitative Study of Advertising Art: Awareness and Adoption of Art in Advertisements within a Jordanian Context

This study examines the various dimensions of the incorporation of arts in advertising from a Jordanian perspective. Conducted qualitatively, semi-structured interviews are held with a number of practitioners from the private sector. These interviews are translated and analyzed through constant comparison theory (CCT). Findings of this study suggest a congruency with the theory regarding the commonalities of art and marketing, as both are concerned in communicating a message. The employment of artists in the promotion of products and brands generate a further alignment. Furthermore, cultural observations are also generated in this study, including the local population’s preferred tendencies toward mainstream art and their evident preferences of music, images, and animation as the most used art form in marketing. Moreover, calligraphy is deemed a favored art element across various segments due to historical and cultural considerations. In the same vein, capitalizing on patriotism via local arts resonate positively with various market segments. Fine arts are correlated with upper markets and luxury brands, while mainstream art and parody-advertising are more in line with commoners. The same applies to emotional appeals that align with social and psychological utility seekers, as opposed to rational appeals that influence functional and financial utility seekers. Product-placement is considered influential but lacks consistency of adoption due to the high costs involved. Contributions to this study reveal the significance synergy that must be present between the incorporated art/artist and the brand. Findings also indicate the infusion and reference of art in a digitalized context, due to the explosive emergence of digital and social media channels. Moreover, a satisfactory level of awareness in regards to the importance of art in marketing appears to be possessed by marketing managers in Jordan. Observations further reveal a lack of systemization in approaching arts-advertising, as art endorsement tends to be random. Moreover, the findings reveal a scattered knowledge of art terminologies, which obstructs astute selection of art elements.

Spatial trends of Potamogetonaceae along an altitudinal gradient

Studying the effect of altitude on species distribution may help us to predict the response of species to future climate changes, which will likely cause upward migration of vegetation zones. In this study, we aimed to analyze distribution and abundance patterns of Potamogetonaceae along an altitudinal gradient and to determine the species characterizing a priori defined five altitudinal groups. We included 294 sampling for 19 species from 141 wetlands across Turkey with an elevation gradient of 2700 m. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) found significant differences in species assemblages only between some altitudinal groups. Seven species were found in either high or low altitudes. Stuckenia pectinata had the highest contribution to all groups except one in analysis of similarity percentages. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed a clear altitudinal gradient by placing species under six clusters. Even widespread species occurring in all altitudes showed a tendency of altitudinal preference. The results were inferred from our physicochemical measurements for the species and relevant literature. Exclusively highland species were found in waters with similar physical and chemical properties (i.e. low electrical conductivity, salinity, and ammonium concentrations). However, lowland species were sampled from very diverse aquatic habitats. Among the lowland species Potamogeton acutifolius was found under low values for the above-mentioned physicochemical water parameters but Althenia orientalis showed extremely high values, as well as Potamogeton coloratus and Potamogeton nodosus. Understanding elevational distribution of macrophytes is especially important due to difficulties in their upward migration and availability of suitable aquatic habitats.

Humans-as-a-Sensor for Buildings—Intensive Longitudinal Indoor Comfort Models

Evaluating and optimising human comfort within the built environment is challenging due to the large number of physiological, psychological and environmental variables that affect occupant comfort preference. Human perception could be helpful to capture these disparate phenomena and interpreting their impact; the challenge is collecting spatially and temporally diverse subjective feedback in a scalable way. This paper presents a methodology to collect intensive longitudinal subjective feedback of comfort-based preference using micro ecological momentary assessments on a smartwatch platform. An experiment with 30 occupants over two weeks produced 4378 field-based surveys for thermal, noise, and acoustic preference. The occupants and the spaces in which they left feedback were then clustered according to these preference tendencies. These groups were used to create different feature sets with combinations of environmental and physiological variables, for use in a multi-class classification task. These classification models were trained on a feature set that was developed from time-series attributes, environmental and near-body sensors, heart rate, and the historical preferences of both the individual and the comfort group assigned. The most accurate model had multi-class classification F1 micro scores of 64%, 80% and 86% for thermal, light, and noise preference, respectively. The discussion outlines how these models can enhance comfort preference prediction when supplementing data from installed sensors. The approach presented prompts reflection on how the building analysis community evaluates, controls, and designs indoor environments through balancing the measurement of variables with occupant preferences in an intensive longitudinal way.

Evaluation of Solid Food Waste Management Strategies in Estate Schools in Sri Lanka and Its Environmental Impact

Food wastes (FW) has become a crucial global issues. Food production should be increased substantially to meet the need of growing population, high tendency of spoilage and consumer preference are some of the main reasons for food waste. FW predominantly happen in public places such as hotels, hospitals and industrial parks. FW in Sri Lanka, several institutes can be highlighted including schools. 10194 government schools and 80 registered private school chains are functioning throughout the country. In which, total population including both students and teachers are over 4.5 million. Thus, handling large quantity of food in schools, leads to generate huge quantities of FW and it directly affect to the national economy. Therefore, this qualitative research was designed and implemented to determine reasons for FW and evaluate the efficiency of existing FW handling strategies in schools. The data were collected from 12 schools in each educational zone at Kegalle and Kurunegala, through a survey from teachers and students. Majority of students were provided homemade breakfast in both zones, further 20.92% of students in Kegalle and 37.21% of students in Kurunegala have wasted food with some percentage of breakfast daily. In addition, plate waste of free breakfast provided by school was identified as 20.31% of students and 24.62% of students in Kegalle and Kurunegala areas respectively. Free lunch was provided schools only in Kegalle educational zone and among those who was fed from school meal; 37.5% of students have wasted food in various percentages. Majority of students have brought lunch from home and 26.51% of students in Kegalle and 26.12% of students in Kurunegala thrown some amount of lunch daily. FW was comparatively high, when meals provided from school. Further, study revealed that most of school have not established an effective FW handling system within the premises. Therefore, a systematic programs should be implemented to control food wastes. In addition, awareness programs should be carried out to educate students to minimize FW. It is necessary to investigate the reasons for wasting large quantities from school meal. Finally, a national campaign on “Stop Food Waste” should be launched for school community to create a sustainable environmental development with appropriate mechanisms of school and family education.

Impression Preference Tendency Between a Cute Robot and a Cool Robot

Impression Preference Tendency Between a Cute Robot and a Cool Robot

Preliminary sensory evaluation of salty crackers with grape pomace flour

Grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, contains numerous chemical compounds with high nutritional value and potential benefits for human health, which enable its use for product enrichment in different industries from cosmetics to food. The aim of this study was to incorporate the grape pomace flour of the Touriga Nacional and Arinto grapes varietals from the Alentejo region of Portugal in a recipe for salty crackers, which were submitted to sensory evaluation by applying a hedonic test to 53 individuals. The results of the evaluation show a clear tendency of preference for the crackers with 10% of grape pomace flour, both in the Touriga Nacional and Arinto samples, which presented the highest result averages.

Understanding the place attachment and place identity in public space through the ability of community mental map

Nowadays, numerous large cities in Indonesia are intensively providing urban public spaces. One of the famous public open spaces in Semarang City is the Simpang Lima area that serves as not only a public interaction space, but also a landmark of the city. Its visitors who come from various ages carry out activities in the daily and weekly times as they sit, discuss and interact with others. In addition, this public space is also used as a media for expressing ideas or interests of a group of users, such as groups with certain hobbies. The tendency of preference towards the use of public space is strongly influenced by one’s psychological attachment to space and place identity. This study aimed to examine the substance of place attachment and place identity through the ability of the community mental map. This study employed a phenomenological and functional approach, namely the disclosure of the ability of the community mental map through the technique of drawing sketches of areas that they understood and recognized and then supplemented by in-depth interviews. The results of the study illustrated that the attachment of places by users depended on their experience when visiting in this public space and the characteristics of the place identity of this public space.

“If You Disagree, Unfriend Me Now”: Exploring the Phenomenon of Invited Unfriending

The belongingness hypothesis suggests that humans have a fundamental need to form and maintain meaningful social bonds. Yet two contradictory impulses seem to guide associative behaviors: the need for inclusion and the tendency for in-group preference. The phenomenon of invited unfriending—posting message on social media petitioning those who differ from the poster on some stance to sever the relationship—exemplifies this tension. Two studies examined the types of messages users post when petitioning disconnection as well as the characteristics and behaviors of posters and recipients. First, a thematic analysis of 515 invited unfriending posts revealed that having different likes or dislikes, being unable or willing to do something the poster deems important, and being too politically conservative were the top three reasons for inviting unfriending. Subsequently, a survey of 445 Facebook users found that nearly 10% had invited unfriending and nearly 75% had received such an invitation. Posters did not differ substantially from non-posters, and both posters and recipients identified themes that were largely similar with those identified in the thematic analysis.

The Influence of the Consumer Ethnocentrism and Cultural Familiarity on Brand Preference: Evidence of Event-Related Potential (ERP)

The tendency of customers’ preference to their local brands over the foreign ones is known as consumer ethnocentrism, and it is an important issue in international marketing. This study aims at identifying the behavioral and neural correlates of Consumer Ethnocentrism in the field of brand preference, using event-related potential (ERP). We sampled subjects from two ethnic groups, a Chinese ethnic group and a sub-Saharan Black African group from Zhejiang University. The subjects faced two sequential stimuli, S1 followed by S2. S1 consisted of 40 pictures of 20 Chinese and 20 Black Africans people wearing traditional clothes, and S2 consisted of 40 fake brand-logos which were divided randomly into two groups of 20 each. The subjects were informed that the people in S1 purchased and recommended the products with the brand-logos presented in S2, and the subjects were asked to rate their preference degree toward these logos. The brand-logos were called the “in-group recommended logos” if the recommenders in S1 were the same race as the subjects, otherwise, the “out-group recommended logos.” The results revealed that the race of the brand-logo recommender highly impacted the Chinese subjects’ preference for the brand-logos. The N200 component elicited by the in-group recommended logos were significantly lower than those elicited by the out-group recommended logos. Additionally, there was evidence that being familiar with foreign cultures reduced consumer ethnocentrism. The African subjects were familiar with Chinese people and adopted a Chinese culture, as a result, they did not differ in showing preferences between the in-group and out-group recommended logos.

The Effect of Social Welfare Major Students’ Self-differentiation on Empathy: Moderating Effects of MBTI Preference Tendency

The Effect of Social Welfare Major Students’ Self-differentiation on Empathy: Moderating Effects of MBTI Preference Tendency

Detecting concealed familiarity using eye movements: the role of task demands

BackgroundWhat can theories regarding memory-related gaze preference contribute to the field of deception detection? While abundant research has examined the ability to detect concealed information through physiological responses, only recently has the scientific community started to explore how eye tracking can be utilized for that purpose. However, previous attempts to detect deception through eye movements have led to relatively low detection ability in comparison to physiological measures. In the current study, we demonstrate that the modulation of gaze behavior by familiarity, changes considerably when participants perform a visual detection task in comparison to a short-term memory task (that was used in a previous study). Thus, we highlight the importance of theory-based selection of task demands for improving the ability to detect concealed information using eye-movement measures.ResultsDuring visual exploration of four faces (some familiar and some unfamiliar) gaze was allocated preferably on familiar faces, manifested by more fixations. However, this preference tendency vanished once participants were instructed to convey countermeasures and conceal their familiarity by deploying gaze equally to all faces. This gaze behavior during the visual detection task differed significantly from the one observed during a short-term memory task used in a previous study in which a preference towards unfamiliar faces was evident even when countermeasures were applied.ConclusionsDifferent tasks elicit different patterns of gaze behavior towards familiar and unfamiliar faces. Moreover, the ability to voluntarily control gaze behavior is tightly related to task demands. Adequate ability to control gaze was observed in the current visual detection task when memorizing the faces was not required for a successful accomplishment of the task. Thus, applied settings would benefit from a short-term memory task which is much more robust to countermeasure efforts. Beyond shedding light on theories of gaze preference, these findings provide a backbone for future research in the field of deception detection via eye movements.

Clustering-Based Collaborative Filtering Using an Incentivized/Penalized User Model

Giving or recommending appropriate content based on the quality of experience is the most important and challenging issue in recommender systems. As collaborative filtering (CF) is one of the most prominent and popular techniques used for recommender systems, we propose a new clusteringbased CF (CBCF) method using an incentivized/penalized user (IPU) model only with the ratings given by users, which is thus easy to implement. We aim to design such a simple clustering-based approach with no further prior information while improving the recommendation accuracy. To be precise, the purpose of CBCF with the IPU model is to improve recommendation performance such as precision, recall, and F1 score by carefully exploiting different preferences among users. Specifically, we formulate a constrained optimization problem in which we aim to maximize the recall (or equivalently F1 score) for a given precision. To this end, users are divided into several clusters based on the actual rating data and Pearson correlation coefficient. Afterward, we give each item an incentive/penalty according to the preference tendency by users within the same cluster. Our experimental results show a significant performance improvement over the baseline CF scheme without clustering in terms of recall or F1 score for a given precision.