Preferred Formulation Research Articles

Acceptability of Bangus-Clam Sisig

Milkfish is one of the healthy and nutritious fish available, and it is loaded with omega-3 fatty acids and protein, which are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Mud clams, on the other hand, are rich in Vitamin B12, providing iron and additional protein. Mud clams, with their potential to regulate high blood pressure and support thyroid health, are a promising addition to any diet. Their rich content of riboflavin, choline, minerals, and vitamins, coupled with their low-fat content, make them a healthy choice. This study utilized bangus flakes and clam meat in varying proportions, combined with butter, garlic, chili, onion, liver spread, soy sauce, black pepper, annatto oil, oil, and salt. The objectives of the study were to develop a bangus-mud clam sisig product, evaluate its sensory characteristics (color, odor, taste, and texture) in different formulations, and determine whether there were significant differences in the acceptability of bangus-clam sisig across treatments. Moreover, the study aimed to identify the most preferred formulation (MPF) and assess consumer preferences. The development was performed in five (5) treatments with three (3) replications. The quality of the product was determined through sensory evaluation. The bangus-clam sisig had similar color, odor, taste, texture, and acceptability, regardless of the amount of bangus flakes and mud clam meat added to the formulated product. The addition of bangus and mud clam in the development of sisig, even in varying percentages, had no significant effect on the results in terms of color, odor, taste, and texture. However, during cooking, especially when pan-frying, the skin browns and crisps up. This contributed a significant amount of brown color to the overall dish. The results show that there was no significant difference in the overall acceptability of bangus-clam sisig, regardless of the amount of bangus and clam. All treatments were acceptable. Out of the five (5) treatments, the most preferred formulation consisted of 50% bangus and 50% mud clams. The findings show that most of the faculty employee and college students at the Capiz State University-Dayao Satellite College, preferred the bangus-clam sisig.

Innovative Vegetable Chips: Harnessing the Nutritional Power of Underutilized Leafy Greens

This study investigates the acceptability of spinach-cabbage chips in three flavor variants: plain, cheese, and barbeque, specifically targeting preschoolers as the primary evaluators. A sensory evaluation was conducted, assessing the chips based on appearance, color, texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. Data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify the most preferred nutri-chip formulation, while Kramer's Rank-Sum Test determined the favored variant among the participants. The study utilized fresh spinach and cabbage, focusing on their nutritional profiles and the production process for the chips. Key methodologies included sensory evaluations, cost analysis of ingredients, and calculations of theoretical vitamin A content, along with the percentage of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RENI) for vitamin A per 50-gram serving for children aged 4-10 years. Results indicated that the optimal formulation comprised 200 grams of spinach and 100 grams of cabbage, with no significant differences at the 5% level in appearance and color between formulations. However, significant differences were noted in texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. The spinach-cabbage nutri-chips contained 512 μg of Retinol Equivalents (RE) of vitamin A, translating to 12.8% of the daily recommended intake for preschoolers. The findings suggest that spinach-cabbage nutri-chips can serve as a nutritious snack option to enhance vitamin A intake among preschoolers and may be beneficial for supplementary feeding programs. Recommendations for production, packaging, and further research into the product's shelf life and applicability in school feeding initiatives are provided.

Medication Adherence and Practices in Pediatric Patients

Background: Improper medication practices and non-adherence are the biggest challenges faced by pediatricians in outpatient practice. Hence this study was aimed at determining the medication practices and factors affecting adherence. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India over a period of 3 months (January to March 2023), to study medication adherence and parental medication practices in pediatric patients. A pre structured questionnaire was administered to parents of 320 children. Results: Majority of the parents (55%) had children aged 1-5 years of age. It was noted that most of the families (89%) were above poverty line (APL). About 34% parents were educated till graduate level and 17% were educated beyond post graduate level. Frequency of medication adherence in our study was found to be 78%. It was noted that parents with education of graduate level and above, those belonging to APL families and the ones with no fear of adverse drug reactions showed higher medication adherence as compared to other parents and this association was found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). Majority of the parents (80%) reported that their children preferred liquid formulations, of which 57% preferred fruit flavoured ones. Around 51% parents preferred twice daily dosing of medications. While 47% parents used previous prescriptions, 39% bought over the counter medicines, especially paracetamol. Conclusion: Knowledge about medication practices and factors affecting adherence is important in order to provide quality health care. Actively involving children and parents while prescribing medications with health education goes a long way in improving adherence.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUNSCREEN PRODUCTS CONTAINING Stichopus hermanii Semper, 1868

Prolonged radiation from UV sunlight has been known to be responsible for skin damage. Sunscreen has been used to limit sun exposure. Sunscreen with natural ingredients has the potential to be developed along with the issue of side effects of synthetic ingredients. This study aimed to develop a zooceuticals sunscreen cream containing a Stichopus hermanii Semper, 1868 extracts. The sunscreen creams were formulated with various ingredients of extract include 0.05 (F1), 0.1 (F2), and 0.2 (F3) %, respectively. The in vitro sun protection factor, organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion of the creams were evaluated. F3 met the requirements of physical properties. The extract show sun-protective efficacy with SPF value of 2.11 (F1), 3.09 (F2), and 3.46 (F3). Sunscreen containing 0.2% of Stichopus herrmanni extract is the most preferred formulation with minimal protection category. Keywords: Sea Cucumber, Stichopus hermanii Semper, 1868, Sunscreen.

Efficacy of Direct Versus Peripheral Adjuvant Dexamethasone on Duration and Rebound Pain in Regional Anesthesia for Outpatient Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Blinded Study.

Despite increasingly wider use, there remains controversy among anesthesiologists regarding preferred formulations and the role of steroid adjuvants in regional anesthesia. There is also uncertainty in the role of dexamethasone when administered directly versus peripherally. We hypothesize that directly mixing dexamethasone into the regional nerve block rather than peripherally administered intravenous dexamethasone will demonstrate a difference in efficacy concerning duration and rebound pain, decreased postoperative pain scores, or opioid consumption within the short-term postoperative period. A prospective, randomized controlled blinded study was conducted for patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation with a volar plate technique for distal radius fractures. Patients were randomized for their preoperative anesthesia. One group had ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block with ropivacaine with a direct mix of dexamethasone 4 mg (Direct group), while the other group had ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block with ropivacaine and peripheral intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg (Indirect group). Data was collected pre, intra, and postoperatively. Fifty patients consented and participated in the study, with 27 participants in the direct group and 23 participants in the indirect group. Compared to intravenous administration, directly administered dexamethasone demonstrated a significant difference in the average time for the block to fade, onset of motor and sensory recovery, and block resolution. Our findings prove that directly mixing dexamethasone compared to peripherally administered intravenous dexamethasone will demonstrate a difference in efficacy with regards to duration and rebound pain, but do not prove that there will be a difference in decreased postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption within the 24-hour postoperative period. Prognosis Level I.

The Effect of Powder Form and Sample Weight on the Acceptability of Yellow Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Peel Tea

Tea is one of the nutritious drinks that are popular with the Indonesian people. Recently, researchers have developed various new types of tea beyond the traditional tea plant (Camelia sinensis). One potential ingredient for tea development is melinjo peel, particularly the yellow melinjo peel, due to its strong antioxidant activity and superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study aims to investigate the influence of the powder form and sample weight on the acceptability of yellow melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel tea. The research employed an experimental method with a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) involving two factors. The first factor was the powder form of the tea (fine, semi-fine, and coarse), and the second factor was the sample weight (2.5 grams, 3 grams, and 5 grams). A hedonic test was conducted to assess the acceptability of yellow melinjo peel tea, involving 40 semi-trained panelists using a scale from 1 to 7 (strongly dislike to very much like). Data were analized using IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics for Windows, with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. The results showed that both the powder form and sample weight of yellow melinjo peel tea significantly affected (P<0.05) taste, aroma, clarity, intensity, astringency, flavor, and overall acceptability, but did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) color and taste intensity. The most preferred formulation by panelists was yellow melinjo peel tea with a sample weight of 2.5 grams and a fine powder form, with an average score of 4.23 (like slightly).

The antimicrobial potential of essential oils and their nanoparticulate formulations as effective antifungals

Fungal infections present a challenge when it comes to topical treatment failure thereby necessitating the need for more effective topical delivery systems. Essential oils have demonstrated noteworthy antifungal activity; however, their volatility limits therapeutic use for skin conditions. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of essential oils alone and in combination. Thereafter, antifungal nanoparticulate formulations were designed using three essential oil combinations against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was investigated using the broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The formulations were prepared by forming nanoparticles (polymer-based and composite lipid-polymer-based systems), with the preferred formulation encapsulating the essential oil combinations. Characterisation of the formulations was performed with a Zeta-sizer and using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The in vitro antifungal activity of the three nanoparticulate formulations was then determined, where a significant (p = 0.002) increase in the average antidermatophyte activity could be observed for all three formulations. The combination of A. sativum and C. martinii displayed the lowest MIC value across all three reference strains (MIC values 0.06-0.38 mg mL-1) and the formulation maintained the antifungal activity with MIC values ranging 0.08-0.36 mg mL-1. A successful combination of essential oils with antifungal activity was achieved thereby emphasising an effective nanoparticulate formulation.

Test of Acceptance and Iron Content of Dimsum "Lori" as an Alternative Snack to Prevent Anemia in Adolescent Girls

Anemia is a problem today, if it’s not treated it will have a bad effect. Anemia can be prevented by consuming animal protein foods that are high iron content, namely anchovies with a content of 3.9mg/100g and vegetables that have a high in iron content, namely Moringa leaves. The aim is to determine the acceptability and iron levels of Dimsum Lori as an alternative snack to prevent anemia for Adolescents Girls. Methods, experimental research. There are 3 formulations, namely the formulation ratio between chicken meat: anchovy: moringa leaf flour, namely 100g:0g:0g, 0g:97g:3g, 0g:94g:6g. Acceptance test as many as 25 people, somewhat trained category. Test for iron levels, ICP-OES method. Data analysis technique, Kruskal Wallis statistical test and continued with the Man Whitney test. Research results, acceptability test F1; 3.86 (likes), F2; 3.37 (likes), and F3; 3.03 (regular). The results of the iron content test of the control formulation; 1.96mg/100g. Meanwhile, the most preferred formulation; 2.32mg/100g. In conclusion, the dimsum treatment formulation meets the needs of Fe in one snack of 2.3mg (F2); 2.5mg (F3) of the RDA requirement for Adolescents Girls for one snack of 1.27mg.

Organoleptic Assessment of Cream Soup Formulation "KRIMERA" as a Functional Food Alternative for Anemia Adolescents

Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the concentration of oxygen carriers in the blood (hemoglobin) in the body is insufficient for physiological needs. Hemoglobin itself functions to help red blood cells to get their natural shape, which is round with a flat center. Anemia is a condition where the body does not have enough iron reserves, so there is a shortage of iron distribution to the body's tissues. Based on the results of Riskesdas in 2018, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is still relatively high at 48.9%. This study aims to make functional food alternatives for adolescents with anemia by using raw red bean and brown rice materials to manufacture cream soup and to find out the organoleptic, preferred formulation, nutrient and iron contribution. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a RAL (Complete Random Series) research design with two repetitions and as many as eight experimental units with four formulas with comparisons in the use of red beans and brown rice F0 (0%: 13%), F1 (10.4%: 2.6%), F2 (9.1%: 3.9%), and F3 (7.8%: 5.2%). The results of the most preferred red bean and brown rice cream soup formulation product based on the overall parameter with the highest value is the first formulation (F1) with a value of 4.10. This value is higher than the F0 value of 3.87, so this product can be used as an alternative functional food for anemia sufferers.

Development and characterization of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower juice from spray dried powder

This study intended to use Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) double petaloid in producing a powder used in formulating a stable, nutritious and antioxidant rich juice. The butterfly pea powder (BPP) was produced through spray drying and it had a recovery of 87.8%. The antioxidant activity of BPP ranged from 52.1 to 61.9% and its anthocyanin content was 24.0 mg/L. The physico-chemical analysis of the BPP obtained a mean pH of 4.86, %TSS value of 29.2% and mean %TA of 0.023%. The proximate composition of BPP was 0.08% moisture content, 0.004% crude fat, 0.003% crude protein, 0.83% crude fiber, 0.58% crude ash and a total of 98.5% carbohydrates. Three formulations were used in the production of Butterfly pea juice (BPJ) with varying BPP content as follows: 0.01 g BPP/ml (BPJT1), 0.02 g BPP/ml (BPJT2) and 0.03 g/ml of water (BPJT3). The constant amounts of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) and sugar were used for all three formulations. It was observed that BPJT3 is the most preferred formulation. Kramer's test performed at the 5% level of significance showed a significant difference between the BPJ treatments. As for the overall acceptability of the three formulations, BPJT1 and BPJT2 were “liked moderately” while BPJT3 was "liked much". The Kruskal-Wallis test at α=0.05 showed no significant difference between the general acceptability of the formulas with a P-value of 0.099. The antioxidant activity of BPJ ranged from 46.4% to 50.1% and its anthocyanin content was 18.6 mg/L. The physicochemical analysis of butterfly pea juice (BPJ) obtained an average pH of 2.95, a %TSS value of 10.4% and a mean %TA of 0.029%.

Medical Cannabis for Patients Over Age 50: A Multi-site, Prospective Study of Patterns of Use and Health Outcomes

Objective: Cannabis is being used as a therapeutic option by patients around the globe, and older patients represent a rapidly growing subset of this population. This study aims to assess the patterns of medical cannabis use in patients over 50 years of age and its effect on health outcomes such as pain, sleep, quality of life, and co-medication. Method: The Medical Cannabis in Older Patients Study (MCOPS) is a multi-site, prospective observational study examining the real-world impact of medical cannabis use on patients over age 50 under the guidance of a health care provider. The study included validated instruments, with treating physicians collecting detailed data on participant characteristics, medical cannabis and co-medication use, and associated impacts on pain, sleep, quality of life, as well as adverse events. Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 299 participants. Average age of participants was 66.7 years, and 66.2% of respondents identified as female. Approximately 90% of patients used medical cannabis to treat pain-related conditions such as chronic pain and arthritis. Almost all patients reported a preference for oral cannabis products (e.g., extracts, edibles) rather than inhalation products (e.g., flower, vapes), and most preferred oral formulations high in cannabidiol and low in tetrahydrocannabinol. Over the six-month study period, significant improvements were noted in pain, sleep, and quality of life measures, with 45% experiencing a clinically meaningful improvement in pain interference and in sleep quality scores. Additionally, nearly 50% of patients taking co-medications at baseline had reduced their use by the end of the study period, and quality of life improved significantly from baseline to M3 and from baseline to M6, with an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of $25,357.20. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Conclusions: In this cohort of older patients, most of whom suffered from pain-related conditions, medical cannabis seemed to be a safe and effective treatment. Most patients experienced clinically significant improvements in pain, sleep, and quality of life and reductions in co-medication. The cost per QALY was well below the standard for traditional pharmaceuticals, and no SAEs were reported, suggesting that cannabis is a relatively safe and cost-effective therapeutic option for adults dealing with age-related health conditions.

Pre-Hospital use of Paracetamol in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Paediatric Outpatient Clinic

Background: Paracetamol is a medication that is often procured over the counter in many nations including Nigeria. It is therefore prone to abuse/misuse with consequences. Objective of the Study: To determine the prevalence of pre-hospital use of paracetamol, preferred formulation, appropriateness of dosing and factors associated with its use. Methodology: An observational study involving 401 caregiver/child pair seen at the Paediatric clinic of the RSUTH over 6 months. Data on demography, clinical symptoms, weight of the children as well as pre-hospital paracetamol use were obtained using a semi-structrured questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from the caregivers. Results: A total of 401 caregivers/child pairs participated in the research with male predominance. The average age of the children was 28.26 ± 3.80months. Most of the parents were aged 30-40 years, traders/businessmen with tertiary level of education. About 40% of children received paracetamol before presentation at the hospital with fever being the most common reason. Syrup was the preferred formulation while 0.6% received injection paracetamol. The most common reason for formulation type was the age of the child followed by available paracetamol formulation at home. Most parents gave paracetamol twice daily, for less than seven days and based on past experiences. The most common diagnosis among parents that gave paracetamol was malaria. A quarter of children received underdose and 5.4% overdose medication. Conclusion: Pre-hospital paracetamol self-medication is common with syrup paracetamol being the most common formulation used. There was a high abuse of paracetamol thus education of the populace on appropriate pre-hospital paracetamol use would help reduce this menace.

Development of Analog Rice Made from Cassava and Banana with the Addition of Katuk Leaf (Sauropus androgynous L. Merr.) and Soy Lecithin for Lactating Women.

The development of analog rice, apart from being an effort to diversify food, also has the potential to be developed as a functional food to fulfill the nutrients needed by a community. Katuk leaf is known for its ability to accelerate the breast milk production of lactating women, which is inseparable from sterol in terms of bioactive content. This study aimed to determine the best formulation of analog rice made from cassava flour, banana flour, Katuk leaf powder, and soy lecithin that was sensorily acceptable, in a shape resembling rice, and able to fulfill the nutritional needs of lactating women. Analog rice was produced using an extruder machine before the physical and sensory properties analyses were carried out, followed by the chemical properties analysis. Formulation C (80% cassava flour, 20% banana flour, 3% Katuk leaf powder, and 0.5% soy lecithin) was obtained as the best or most preferred formulation based on sensory analysis. The resulting grain was oval-round in shape and had a green-brownish color, fluffy texture, and distinct aroma and taste derived from the raw material used. Therefore, this research is expected to support the development of analog rice for providing the main staple food to fulfill lactating women's nutrition.

Evaluating preferences for medication formulation and treatment model among people who use opioids non-medically: A web-based cross-sectional study

IntroductionOver the past decade, treatment for opioid use disorder has expanded to include long-acting injectable and implantable formulations of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and integrated treatment models systematically addressing both behavioral and physical health. Patient preference for these treatment options has been underexplored. Gathering data on OUD treatment preferences is critical to guide the development of patient-centered treatment for OUD. This cross-sectional study assessed preferences for long-acting MOUD and integrated treatment using an online survey. MethodsAn online Qualtrics survey assessed preferences for MOUD formulation and integrated treatment models. The study recruited participants (n = 851) in October and November 2019 through advertisements or posts on Facebook, Google AdWords, Reddit, and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Eligible participants scored a two or higher on the opioid pain reliever or heroin scales of the Tobacco, Alcohol Prescription Medication and other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool. Structured survey items obtained patient preference for MOUD formulation and treatment model. Using stated preference methods, the study assessed preference via comparison of preferred options for MOUD and treatment model. ResultsIn the past year, 824 (96.8 %) participants reported non-prescribed use of opioid pain relievers (mean TAPS score = 2.72, SD = 0.46) and 552 (64.9 %) reported heroin or fentanyl use (mean TAPS score = 2.73, SD = 0.51). Seventy-four percent of participants (n = 631) reported currently or previously receiving OUD treatment, with 407 (48.4 %) receiving MOUD. When asked about preferences for type of MOUD formulation, 452 (53.1 %) preferred a daily oral formulation, 115 (13.5 %) preferred an implant, 114 (13.4 %) preferred a monthly injection and 95 (11.2 %) preferred a weekly injection. Approximately 8.8 % (n = 75) would not consider MOUD regardless of formulation. The majority of participants (65.2 %, n = 555) preferred receiving treatment in a specialized substance use treatment program distinct from their medical care, compared with receiving care in an integrated model (n = 296, 34.8 %). ConclusionsThough most participants expressed willingness to try long-acting MOUD formulations, the majority preferred short-acting formulations. Likewise, the majority preferred non-integrated treatment in specialty substance use settings. Reasons for these preferences provide insight on developing effective educational tools for patients and suggesting targets for intervention to develop a more acceptable treatment system.

Test of Acceptance of Batawoli-Based Nugget Modificationslocal Food Materials Milk Fish (Chanos Chanos) as Alternative Snack For Stunting Toddlers

Stunting, a growth disorder in children characterized by height or length below the standard for their age, can be prevented by ensuring adequate intake of energy and protein. This study aims to assess the acceptability of modified Batawoli nuggets as a potential snack alternative for toddlers with stunting. The research employed a true experimental design with control and treatment groups. Organoleptic tests were conducted on Batawoli nugget formulations with varying ratios: F0 (1:0:1:1), F1 (1:2:1:1), F2 (1:1:1:1), and F3 (2:1:1:1). Data analysis utilized the Mann Whitney test. The findings reveal organoleptic test scores for each formulation: F0 scored 3.35 (somewhat liked), F1 scored 3.9 (somewhat liked), F2 scored 3.46 (somewhat liked), and F3 scored 3.52 (somewhat liked). The study concludes that the most preferred formulation, based on all indicators, is F1 (1:2:1:1), which provides an energy value of 3.5 kcal/g (>1.5 kcal/g) and a Protein Efficiency Ratio of 12.6% (within the range of 10% - 16%). Consequently, this formulation presents a promising local complementary food option for toddlers with stunting.

Nutritional Profile, Antioxidant Activities and Organoleptic Properties of Tempeh Fermented with Additional Butterfly Pea Flower Petals

Tempeh is a superfood rich in benefits and nutrients, and it contains several amino acids that make protein beneficial for immunity and more efficiently absorbed by the body than other proteins. Although tempeh is rich in antioxidant content, its antioxidant is weaker than vitamin C and anthocyanins. This study aimed to determine the formulation of tempeh with added butterfly pea that consumers most favour, has the best nutritional content, and has the highest antioxidant activity. The variation of butterfly pea concentration added was 0%, 0,7%, 1,4%, and 2%. The results showed that 0,7% concentration of butterfly pea was the most preferred formulation with an overall score of 6.08 (somewhat like) and a moisture content of 61.88(%wb), ash content 0.04(%wb), protein content 16.40(%wb), fat content 9.66(%wb), carbohydrate content 12.11(%wb), antioxidant activity of 82.94%.

Valorization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophllus) Rags As a Functional Ingredient in Sandwich Cookies: Sensory, Physicochemical, and Antioxidant Properties

ABSTRACT The study developed sandwich cookies by substituting all-purpose flour with 0% (SC0), 10% (SC10), 20% (SC20), 30% (SC30), and 40% (SC40) of jackfruit rags flour (JRF). Sensory evaluation was conducted to analyze the consumer preference toward all sandwich cookies formulations. The proximate composition, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of the most preferred formulation were evaluated. SC20 was the most preferred formulation with acceptable appearance, color, aroma, and texture attributes. SC20 had a significant (p < 0.05) darker color than SC0 due to the incorporation of golden-brown JRF. Hardness of SC20 was significantly higher than SC0. The SC20 showed a significant increase in fiber by 2.65% compared to SC0, which meeting the requirement of high fiber claim. The DPPH scavenging activity of SC20 showed a significant increase of 14.09% as compared to SC0. JR has a great potential to be valorized into a sustainable, high fiber functional ingredient for bakery products.

Test of Acceptance and Iron Content of Baymor “Red Spinach &amp; Moringa” as a Treat to Prevent Anemia in Adolescent Women

Based on DP3AK 2021 East Java, 23% of young women and 12% of young men suffer from anemia. Red spinach and Moringa leaves are contain high levels of iron so it can be used as alternative foods to prevent anemia in young women. The purpose was to analyze the results of tests of acceptability and iron levels of "red spinach &amp; moringa" baymor cake as a snack to prevent anemia in young women. The research method is experimental research. Data will be analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, if the results are p &lt;0.05 then it will be continued using the Mann Whitney test. The average result of the acceptability test is the BM 1 formulation which is 4.04 (likes it), BM 2 which is 3.49 (rather likes it) and BM 3 which is 3.2 (rather likes it). The results of iron levels in the control formulation (BM 1) were 3.63 mg/100g and the most preferred formulation was BM 2 of 9.81 mg/100g. The control formulation (BM 1) with iron content of 3.63 mg/100g was the most preferred formulation by the panelists, while the second most preferred formulation was BM 2 of 9.81 mg/100g.

Feasibility of recycled concrete aggregate stabilized with one-part geopolymers as semi-rigid inclusion columns

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is a voluminous solid waste material derived from the construction sector and is typically stockpiled in landfills. In recent years, the ground improvement industry has grappled with challenges stemming from the depletion of natural quarry materials, resulting in a skyrocketing of their prices and increased project costs. This research investigated the feasibility of using RCA stabilized by one-part geopolymers to produce an innovative semi-rigid inclusion column system for ground improvement of soft soils. Na2SiO3-anhydrous was used as a sole solid activator for the activation of fly ash (FA), slag (S) or a binary precursor (FA+S) in the stabilization of RCA. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and microstructure of the stabilized mixtures have been examined with respect to different binder formulations and curing conditions. The permanent deformation characteristics of mixtures under cyclic loading were evaluated through repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests to replicate the moving wheel loads imposed on the semi-rigid inclusion columns. In addition, the cost and environmental impacts of the optimum mixtures suggested in this research were studied. The test results indicated that stabilizing RCA with as low as 5% one-part alkali-activated FA, S or (FA+S) met the minimum strength requirement (1.034 MPa) for ground improvement work. Compared with standalone FA and S geopolymer stabilized RCA mixtures, (FA+S) geopolymer stabilized RCA mixtures were identified as preferred industrial formulations due to their prolonged setting time for ease of mixing and handling when used in stone column applications. It was found that curing temperature and duration played a pivotal role in the strength gain of the mixtures. The RLT test results demonstrated that implementing the optimum RCA + 5%(FA+S) mixture as identified in this study for semi-rigid inclusion columns, led to a reduction in permanent strain values by approximately 90% compared to conventional unbound stone columns. The comparison between the optimum mixture highlighted in this study with other stabilization methods showed that the semi-rigid inclusion columns had great potential to enable large-scale production, cost and emission reduction in future ground improvement projects.

Cold Pressed vs. Centrifugal Juice: Comparison in Terms of the Juice Yield, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Properties

In this study, a juice beverage was prepared from pineapple, green apple, and kiwifruit using cold press and centrifugal juice extraction methods. In the first stage, the most preferred beverage formulation (60% pineapple, 35% green apple, and 5% kiwifruit) was selected according to the acceptance index (AI) calculated based on sensory analysis scores. Next, the performance of home-type cold-pressed juicers (CPJ) and centrifugal juicers (CDJ) was compared, considering the physical, chemical, and phytochemical properties of the mixed beverage. It has been determined that the juice yield performance of the cold pressing technique is better than the centrifuge method. For example, the juice yield of pineapple obtained by a cold press juicer (92%) was found to be higher than the centrifugal extraction method (47%). Although the pH of CDJ and CPJ beverages were similar, the total soluble solids content (°Brix), the color parameters (a*, b*, L*), the browning index (BI), and the turbidity of both beverages were significantly different. While the browning index (BI), L*, and b* values of the CPJ beverage were higher, the a* value was lower than that of the CDJ beverage. Additionally, the CPJ juice mixture was more turbid and phase separation was not observed as in the CDJ beverage. This study revealed that juices obtained by both squeezing methods contained comparable total phenolic content (TPC). For example, the amount of TPC for CPJ and CDJ was 867.25 ± 0.01 mg GAE/L and 922 ± 0.01 mg GAE/L, respectively. Furthermore, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of both beverages was not significantly different. It was concluded that the physical properties of juices extracted by CPJ were more satisfactory than those of CDJ. However, more studies are needed to compare the data obtained on the antioxidant activity and TPC amount of fruit juices using different measurement methods.