Pre-feasibility Analysis Research Articles

On the industrial solar drying of tomatoes in Biskra : A preliminary study

The objective of this study is to carry out a pre-feasibility study of solar industrial drying as a preliminary step before investing in large-scale solar drying projects in Algeria. Our primary goal is to promote the use of industrial solar dryers and to incite public authorities and industrials to invest in this promising niche. This work aims to strengthen the contribution of renewable energies and particularly solar energy in the sustainable development of the agri-food sector. Indeed, using solar energy will reduce the energy consumption and decrease greenhouse gas emissions of drying process. The prefeasibility analysis is achieved using the RETScreen Suite. Our study aims to investigate energy consumption of an industrial solar dryer of tomatoes, located in the city of Biskra. Various parameters as solar collector type and drying air temperature were tested and discussed. The obtained results showed a reduction in energy consumption up to 35%. Likewise, the reduction of GHG emissions recorded very favorable rates. This study's findings provide a preliminary vision for investors in the agri-food sector to build their project so they may maximize their profit while supporting the environment by lowering carbon emissions.

Prefeasibility study on optimal site location for Power‐to‐X: An experiment for the Danish energy system

Denmark has set ambitious goals to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 70 % by the year 2030, and in an effort to reach this, the Danish Energy Agency has proposed a Power-to-X strategy that involves an overall capacity target of 6 GW of electrolysis by 2030. The objective of the following study was to identify the optimal site location for siting an electrolyser for Power-to-X as a prefeasibility analysis. The results indicated that Jammerbugt was an ideal area, for an add on solution to an already existing wind turbine, with 1303 h of excess wind energy available for Power-to-X. A financial analysis showed that there was an NPV of - €126,032 after a 20-year period, which improves with a theoretical 20 % governmental subsidy to €16,662. Therefore, it was found that Power-to-X is still currently reliant on governmental support as a viable business case. The study's findings highlight the importance of this support for Power-to-X to be a viable business case, such as the decision to allocate 1.25 billion DKK for hydrogen production by 2030.

Prefeasibility Analysis of Different Anaerobic Digestion Upgrading Pathways Using Organic Kitchen Food Waste as Raw Material

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely applied technology for renewable energy generation using biogas as energy vector. The existing microbial consortium in this technology allows for the use of several types of biomass as substrates. A promising alternative for the production of high-value products (e.g., mixed volatile fatty acids–VFAs, hydrogen) is the use of modified AD. There are several techniques to achieve this objective by modifying the operating conditions of the process. The literature has described the best AD routes for generating renewable energy or high-value products based on specific substrate types and operating conditions. Few studies have reported the integral fraction valorization of the AD process applying the biorefinery concept. This article provides an analysis of the different routes that favor the production of energy carriers and high-value products involving key issues related to operating conditions and substrates. Moreover, AD is addressed through the biorefinery concept. Finally, a case study is presented where renewable energy and mixed VFAs are generated by applying the biorefinery concept in a number of proposed scenarios using organic kitchen food waste (OKFW) as feedstock. The case study involves an experimental and simulation stage. Then, the economic feasibility of the proposed scenarios is evaluated. In conclusion, AD is a promising and economically feasible technology to produce valuable products from several types of waste materials.

Pre-Feasibility Analysis of a Desalination Plant Powered by Renewable Energy in Thira, Greece

Renewable energy desalination is an excellent solution for areas lacking electrical grid connection or any other source of energy. However, the economic feasibility of renewable energy desalination compared to desalination using grid energy has not been extensively researched. This report presents a technical and financial pre-feasibility assessment for solar and wind energy desalination, compared to conventional desalination in Thira island (Greece). The technical assessment involves design of a desalination unit with a capacity of 1000 m^3per day, using ROSA software. The financial feasibility analysis is carried out using RETScreen, a ‘Clean Energy Project Analysis Software’. The report presents two case scenarios: Solar and Wind power compared to diesel generators, to desalinate seawater. The outcome of this report is to use our feasibility analysis to support implementation of renewable energy desalination in large and medium population locations, besides rural areas, located in geographic regions similar to Thira island. The results of our feasibility analysis reveal a good potential for the development of renewable energy desalination projects: implementing the wind energy option would generate a net present value of 732,295€ with an attractive payback period shorter than 6 years

Prefeasibility analysis of biomass gasification and electrolysis for hydrogen production

Hydrogen is a key energy vector to accomplishing energy transition and decarbonization goals proposed in the transport and industrial sectors worldwide. In recent years, research has focused on analyzing, designing, and optimizing hydrogen production, searching to improve economic prefeasibility with minimal emissions of polluting gases. Therefore, the techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production by electrolytic and gasification processes becomes relevant since these processes could compete commercially with industrial technologies such as SMR - Steam methane reforming. This work aims to analyze hydrogen production in stand-alone processes and energy-driven biorefineries. The gasification and electrolysis technologies were evaluated experimentally, and the yields obtained were input data for scaling up the processes through simulation tools. Biomass gasification is more cost-effective than electrolytic schemes since the hydrogen production costs were 4.57 USD/kg and 8.30 USD/kg at an annual production rate of 491.6 tons and 38.96 tons, respectively. Instead, the electrolysis process feasibility is strongly influenced by the recycled water rate and the electricity cost. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the temperature, pressure, and current density variability on the hydrogen production rate. The increase in pressure and current density induces parasitic currents while the temperature increases hydrogen production. Although higher hydrogen production rates from gasification, the syngas composition decreases the possibility of being implemented in applications where purity is critical.

Prefeasibility analysis of the Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) system in Türkiye: A case study on a hybrid system

Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) power plants aim to exploit the price difference between storing and generating electricity. These power plants operate by pumping water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir, consuming energy, and generating electricity by transferring water from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir. There is no pumped storage power plant in Turkey yet, and it is in the planning stage. This study aims to provide a preliminary feasibility analysis of this investment from an economic and technical point of view and to contribute to this issue through the recently announced feed-in tariff for PHS. The planned PHS at Gökçekaya Dam was considered a proposal in this study and was carried out using a developed algorithm. The algorithm determines the optimal installed capacity of hybrid energy. This feasibility analysis is based on two scenarios. The difference between the first and second scenarios is due to the investment cost of the PHS system. Additionally, the second scenario considers an integrated hybrid Solar Hydroelectric (SHE) system. Each scenario is evaluated in terms of base price, average price, maximum feed-in price, and market peak price. The result of the study is that only the market price represents a remarkable payback period for pumped storage power plants. As a result of the study, it was found that it’s possible to support the pumped storage power plant with a hybrid solar power system and market price if only the storage volume is increased. The feed-in tariff should be set to cover the demand. In the first scenario, only the PHS was evaluated, and after completing the economic analysis, the investment has a payback period of 28.39 years for the market peak price. If the PHS facility is supported by a hybrid solar energy system for internal energy needs, the payback periods can be reduced. In the first scenario, the investment has a payback period of 18.05 years, supported by integrated hybrid solar energy. In the second scenario, the PHS investment has a payback period of 9.63 years for the highest price on the market. The investment has a payback period of 8.66 years, which is supported by the integrated hybrid solar energy. Due to the high self-consumption of energy, integrated hybrid solar energy is suitable for the PHS projects.

A multi-criteria design framework for sustainable electric vehicles stations

The world is facing severe climate threats due to continuous increases in greenhouse gas emissions. Around one-fifth of global emissions are produced by the transport sector alone. Electric vehicles, as a potential replacement for conventional vehicles, can reduce global emissions. Pakistan is among the few countries severely affected by climate change impact. Therefore, Pakistan announced a national policy to increase the electric vehicles market share, calling for the development of electric vehicles charging stations nationwide. This work addresses this urgency by investigating renewable-based electric vehicles charging and hydrogen fueling stations (ECHFS). Seven possible ECHFS configurations are introduced. Then, a four-level sustainable design framework is developed, with the help of pre-feasibility analysis, HOMER optimization tool, and a multi-criteria decision-making method, to identify the most optimal ECHFS configuration. Solar PV with biogas generator configuration emerged as an optimal ECHFS, which is cost-effective (0.475 $/kWh cost of energy and 3.62 $/kg cost of hydrogen), reliable (unmet electric and hydrogen loads are 0.14 % and 0 %), eco-friendly (reduced 942 tons CO2 annually), and socio-politically acceptable. Sensitivity analysis showed that the optimal system is economically sensitive to simultaneously increasing charging and hydrogen fueling demands. The breakeven distance is estimated to be 59.6 km compared to the grid. The outcome of this work contributes to United Nations sustainability goals 7a, 8, 11, 13, and 13.2 and holds the potential to aid the sustainable development of ECHFS infrastructure.

A Techno-Economic Study for Off-Grid Green Hydrogen Production Plants: The Case of Chile

In this study, we present a pre-feasibility analysis that examines the viability of implementing autonomous green hydrogen production plants in two strategic regions of Chile. With abundant renewable energy resources and growing interest in decarbonization in Chile, this study aims to provide a comprehensive financial analysis from the perspective of project initiators. The assessment includes determining the optimal sizing of an alkaline electrolyzer stack, seawater desalination system, and solar and wind renewable energy farms and the focus is on conducting a comprehensive financial analysis from the perspective of project initiators to assess project profitability using key economic indicators such as net present value (NPV). The analyses involve determining appropriate sizing of an alkaline electrolyzer stack, a seawater desalination system, and solar and wind renewable energy farms. Assuming a base case production of 1 kiloton per year of hydrogen, the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) are determined. Then, the manufacturing and production costs per kilogram of green hydrogen are calculated, resulting in values of USD 3.53 kg−1 (utilizing wind energy) and USD 5.29 kg−1 (utilizing photovoltaic solar energy). Cash flows are established by adjusting the sale price of hydrogen to achieve a minimum expected return on investment of 4% per year, yielding minimum prices of USD 7.84 kg−1 (with wind energy) and USD 11.10 kg−1 (with photovoltaic solar energy). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of variations in investment and operational costs. This research provides valuable insights into the financial feasibility of green hydrogen production in Chile, contributing to understanding renewable energy-based hydrogen projects and their potential economic benefits. These results can provide a reference for future investment decisions and the global development of green hydrogen production plants.

Food waste valorization applying the biorefinery concept in the Colombian context: Pre-feasibility analysis of the organic kitchen food waste processing

Food waste has been profiled as a potential source of added-value products and energy vectors. Nevertheless, the non-standard composition of food waste has been a bottleneck in proposing different biorefinery configurations. This paper aims to analyze organic kitchen food waste (OKFW) as a source of valuable products by applying the biorefinery concept. A compositional model was proposed considering seven food groups and the consumption trends in Colombia. Biogas and fermentable sugars were produced experimentally. Sugars were considered as feedstock for simulating two scenarios for producing bioethanol and polylactic acid. Finally, a techno-economic assessment was done. As a result, the liquid hot water treatment increases the crystallinity index by 30%, obtaining a fermentable sugar yield of 0.37 kg/kg of dry OKFW. The exhausted solid after saccharification produced 0.42 m3 of biogas/kg of exhausted OKFW. Ethanol and polylactic acid yields were 0.14 kg/kg of dry OKFW and 0.12 kg/kg of dry OKFW. Biogas use in cogeneration units can provide 13.49% and 4.29% of the total plant energy demand. Sugars concentration and downstream processing were the highest energy-demanding sections in the proposed scenarios. In conclusion, OKFW is a promising feedstock to produce added-value products in Colombia. However, biorefineries should be optimized to be robust regardless of the OKFW composition but considering the most representative fractions.

Pre-Feasibility Study of a Multi-Product Biorefinery for the Production of Essential Oils and Biomethane

Rural areas can benefit from the development of biorefineries for the valorization of endogenous feedstocks. In this study, a pre-feasibility assessment of an integrated multi-product biorefinery to produce essential oils and biomethane is carried out considering current technical and economic conditions. The proposed concept is based on the steam distillation of forestry biomass for the extraction of essential oils (2900 L/y) followed by biomethane production via syngas methanation using the spent biomass as feedstock (30.4 kg/h). In parallel, the anaerobic treatment of WWTP sludge (5.3 kg/h) is used to produce additional biomethane for mobile applications. The results show that the intended multi-product biorefinery delivers attractive benefits for investors as described by the calculated financial indicators: NPV of EUR 4342.6, IRR of 18.1%, and PB of 6 years. Overall, the pre-feasibility analysis performed in this study demonstrates that the proposed biorefinery concept is promising and warrants further investment consideration via cost and benefit analysis, ultimately promoting the implementation of multi-product biorefineries across Europe.

Prefeasibility analysis of small-scale biorefineries: the annatto and açai case to improve the incomes of rural communities

Prefeasibility analysis of small-scale biorefineries: the annatto and açai case to improve the incomes of rural communities

Use of Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Thermal Power Plants in Chile: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Study

Hydrothermal carbonization makes it possible to transform lignocellulosic biomass into hydrochar, a carbon-rich material that can be used as fuel. Hydrochar has less calorific value than standard coal but generates less ashes during combustion. This study is a pre-feasibility analysis carried out to evaluate technically-economically and environmentally the use of hydrochar as fuel or co-fuel in thermal power plants in Chile. Until now there are no reports about it. The proposal of this work was to study the replacement of coal with a fuel that uses the same equipment and processes in power generation but with less air emission and with an economically profitable change. The results suggest that a plant with a supply of 104 t/h of bituminous coal could be replaced between 18 and 37 t/h of hydrochar, with a reduction of 8 and 27% in NOx and SO2 emissions, a reduction in 7 to 24% in ashes and a marginal increase in CO2 emission. The proposed use of hydrochar was economically profitable, with internal rates of return of up to 40% and with cash flows that reached USD 22 million.

Fractionation of sugar beet pulp polysaccharides into component sugars and pre-feasibility analysis for further valorisation

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a by-product formed in large amounts during the production of refined sugar and is currently used as a low-cost feed for livestock. The dry SBP comprises largely three polysaccharides (75–85%), cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, whose component sugars constitute potential valuable feedstock for producing building blocks for chemicals and materials. In the present study, a simple and integrated process for the fractionation of SBP polysaccharides into streams enriched with corresponding sugars is developed. Initial screening of several pectinase preparations (from Novozymes) for the treatment of dry SBP (at initial pH 4.0, 50 °C) showed Pectinase ME to release the maximum amount of galacturonic acid (GalU) along with high amounts of arabinose (Ara). On the other hand, subjecting the SBP to acid hydrolysis using 0.64 M sulphuric acid at 80 °C was relatively selective in solubilising mainly Ara (71.3% of the initial content), and the subsequent treatment with Pectinase ME solubilised 68.5% of the initial GalU content. Treatment of the residual solid fraction with cellulases released 81.9% of the original glucose content. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed the presence of oligomers ranging from dimers to pentamers in the acid and pectinase hydrolysates. Mass-balance based process analysis of 1000 kgdry/h SBP biorefinery using the three-stage fractionation of sugars and further valorization to arabitol, mucic acid and levulinic acid, respectively, indicated the potential economic feasibility and value addition of SBP, which is currently sold at 200 US$/t as animal feed. Recycling of water and catalysts would be important for reducing waste generation and improving environmental performance.

A comparative techno-economic and sensitivity analysis of Power-to-X processes from different energy sources

In this paper, green hydrogen produced via water electrolysis and its conversion into three alternative fuels, such as methane, methanol, and ammonia, are considered. The four different Power-to-Fuel solutions are investigated and compared from both the technical and economic points of view aiming at providing a comprehensive overview of the Power-to-Fuel feasibility. At first, the global process efficiency, the storage capacity, the annual costs, and the production cost of the different fuels (in terms of mass, energy, and hydrogen content) are calculated for a reference scenario. Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out analyzing the influence of many parameters (i.e. electricity cost, electrolyser CAPEX, operating hours, etc) on the economic viability of all the processes. Finally, map plots are developed reporting the fuel production cost for considering different renewable energy sources and their availability. They can be considered as a useful tool for pre-feasibility analysis of power to fuel processes enabling to analyze and compare the different solutions in different scenarios. It is found that the highest efficient process is the Power-to-Hydrogen (about 61.5%) followed by the methanol and ammonia processes and in the end the methane processes. In terms of energy storage and energy density by volume, the methanol resulted in the most suitable solution, while the ammonia resulted in the best H2 storage medium in terms of kg of H2 per m3 of storage (108 kgH2/m3). From the economic perspective, the annual cost breakdown showed that, in all the cases, the major expenditures are related to the electrical energy purchase and CAPEX and OPEX of the electrolyzer (around 90% of total costs), and a 50% reduction in electricity cost and electrolyzer CAPEX could lead to a reduction of about 30% and 18% on fuel production cost, respectively. The cheapest fuel in terms of mass and energy content are methanol (1.02 €/kg) and Hydrogen (0.16€/kWh), respectively. The ammonia production cost in terms of hydrogen content in mass resulted almost comparable with the Hydrogen one (5.76€/kgH2 and 5.31€/€/kgH2, respectively). The contribution of the co-produced oxygen sale has been estimated in around a 15% reduction of fuel production cost in all the cases.

Feasibility Study on Integration of Green Technologies in Prospective Construction Projects: A Case of Vishakhapatnam

Purpose: The construction sector is one of the important sectors that play an important role in country’s infrastructure development. The haphazard urbanization, industrialization and population explosion, have driven this sector vulnerable in terms of causing impacts on the environment. The construction process involves several stages and numerous stake holders, while this sector remains unorganised in most developing countries. These unintegrated processes in urban expansion, development and construction lead to a huge amount of emissions that cause environmental degradation. This emphasises the need to establish the use of ‘Green Technologies’ and ‘Green Materials’ in the Construction Sector at least as a beginning to bridge the gap between practices in the allied sectors as well. Design/Methodology/Approach: With a view to examine this possibility, the feasibility of green technologies was considered to be studied, for Eastern Vishakhapatnam, the selected study area, which is a developing potential zone identified for potential integration of Green Technologies in construction processes. A comprehensive literature review to identify the major accomplishments and shortcomings in the chosen field, followed by a pre-feasibility analysis was conducted through an organized site visit during an academic project that included personal interaction with the concerned stakeholders and an assessable questionnaire survey. The notion of this study was to collect the details of similar category projects for the incorporation of select ‘green technologies’ identified from relevant literature studies in domains such as energy, material and waste management, which are known to cause maximum impact on the environment. This procedure in turn formed the very basis of the overall methodology of this study. Findings/Result: The analysis of outcomes of the survey helped in developing a breakthrough understanding about the stakeholder’s potential and roles in the overall feasibility of integrating the Green Technologies. Nevertheless, the comparison of the prospective projects in the study area, with the existing projects of the same category that have successfully adopted the green technologies abroad, helped to optimize the framework of integrating green technologies, using green materials based on the above-mentioned domains, for the proposed pilot project. It is inferred from the analysis that it is possible to integrate green technologies in the domains of energy, materials and waste management in prospective projects, if certain constraints and challenges related to social, administrative and economic spheres are eradicated thus encouraging Sustainable Development. Originality/Value: Integrated strategy of adopting green technologies with green construction practices, in major identified domains of energy, materials and waste management will fetch new outcomes and lead towards aiding sustainable development. Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research

A rapid-assessment model on the potential of district energy: The case of Temuco in Chile

District energy systems (DES) offer an optimal solution for decarbonising the heating and cooling sector while attaining multiple additional benefits. The first step to analyse the potential of DES in both new and existing markets is through rapid assessments (RA). Currently, publicly available models lack rapid assessments of the technical-economic and environmental potential of DES. This RA model was developed within the framework of UNEP's District Energy in Cities Initiative to identify DES's potential spending low time and monetary resources. In this light, the study presents a model for conducting a rapid assessment applied to the case of Temuco, Chile. Results show that a total of 55 MW DH (district heating) capacity is required to cover the heating demand. A wood-chip boiler of 25 MW capacity and a gas boiler of 30 MW capacity are considered in the calculations. The total CAPEX of the project is around 25 billion CLP, with a NPV of 10.5 billion CLP and an IRR of 14%. The project is also estimated to achieve an annual reduction of 24,382 tons of PM10 and 23,692 tons of PM2.5. The model was validated against an independent study conducted by an international consulting company, and the results were found to be in close proximity with the study. Thus, the model can be an effective tool for performing rapid assessments of DES projects in the region and subjecting attractive projects to more detailed pre-feasibility analysis.

Modeling, cost optimization and management of grid connected solar powered charging station for electric vehicle

Abstract Transportation sector is currently the largest carbon emitter and produces lots of harmful gases in the atmosphere, as a result Electric Vehicle (EV) is an attractive choice for mankind. Increased use of EVs needs the establishment of a large number of EV charging stations. This paper shows comprehensive assessment of solar powered charging station which is used for the charging of electric vehicles. This paper includes the design, cost optimization and management of an EV charging station along with pre-feasibility analysis for location assessment for EV charging stations. A case study for Ahmedabad is presented in this paper. Solar-Pro software is used for design, technical and financial assessment of solar powered based charging stations. Memetic and Cuckoo optimization techniques are used for cost optimization. Further Program, Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is used to assess the cradle to grave process of charging stations and at the end strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and Political, Economic, Social, Legal, Environmental (PESTLE) analysis is presented, which shows strength and weakness of project from political, economical, social and ecological points of view. Results shows that Ahmedabad is suitable location for the solar powered charging station due to the mean value and maximum value of solar radiation is 5.7516 and 10.8869 kwh/m2/day respectively. The available energy of the given system is 30,506 kwh/m2/day at the solar fraction of 97.12%. The result of cuckoo algorithm for cost optimization is much better than memtic algorithm. Result also shows the reliability of whole system is 89%.

Pre-feasibility assessment for identifying locations of new offshore wind projects in the Colombian Caribbean.

The offshore wind energy sector is showing a growing interest because the increment of global energy demand and the commitment to reduce the CO2 emissions. The need to identify new wind offshore areas have motivated the development of methods where several quantitative and qualitative factors are considered. Then, this study reviewed these factors to establish a priority order to know when they could be analyzed within 3 main stages (pre-feasibility, feasibility and final decision). As a result, this research organized tha main factors in the 3 stages and performed a pre-feasibility analysis for assessing potential offshore areas considering technical-environmental features such as spatial classification, temporal variability (magnitude and direction) and geographical restrictions. The Colombian Caribbean coast was selected as study case, and 3 areas were identified according to their wind climate variability, in which 10 locations showed high potential for developing offshore wind projects. The north and central zone of the Colombian Caribbean coast were identified as the most suitable areas with mean annual wind-speed over 10 m/s with low magnitude and direction variability, two factors considered extremely important for the wind power generation.

Pre-feasibility analysis and performance assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules for the application of renewable power generation

Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies are now considered viable options to fulfill the electricity demand for end-users worldwide. However, these PV technologies need to be technically analyzed in terms of pre-feasibility and performance assessment by utilizing the available solar radiation and ambient temperature of the PV system installation site. This paper presents the comparative analysis of three different types of 1 kWp PV technologies viz. polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, and thin-film amorphous silicon in terms of monthly average PV power output, PV modules daily output profile, hourly-based PV modules year-round power output, PV output vs. incident solar radiation and the PV module cell temperature vs. PV module power. The geographical site considered for the study is Sikkim state, India (latitude: 27.33 N and longitude: 88.62 E). With solar radiation of 3.82–5.88 kWh/m2/day for the investigation site, the annual average PV module power output for poly-Si, mono-Si and thin-film a-Si are found to be 0.173225 kW, 0.174252 kW and 0.172861 kW, respectively.

Decentralized versus Clustered Microgrids: An Energy Systems Study for Reliable Off-Grid Electrification of Small Islands

Philippine off-grid islands are mostly electrified by diesel generators, resulting in costly electricity that is interrupted by fuel supply disruptions. The archipelagic nature of the country also impedes off-grid electrification due to the high capital cost of grid extension. Transitioning from diesel-only systems to hybrid renewable energy systems and interconnecting the island microgrids can solve these problems while promoting cleaner energy production. In this work, a comparative study on decentralized and clustered hybrid renewable energy system microgrids in the Polillo group of islands in the Philippines, using HOMER Pro, was performed. Microgrids comprising solar photovoltaics, lithium-ion battery energy storage, and diesel generators were designed on each island. Clustered systems encompassing multiple islands in the island group were simulated by also considering the least-cost interconnection paths. The techno-economics of each decentralized or clustered system and the four-island system were evaluated based on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Reliability was assessed using the change in LCOE upon the failure of a component and during weather disturbances. Transitioning from diesel-only systems to hybrid systems reduces generation costs by an average of 42.01% and increases the renewable energy share to 80%. Interconnecting the hybrid systems results in an average increase of 2.34% in generation costs due to the cost of submarine cables but improves system reliability and reduces the optimum solar photovoltaic and lithium-ion storage installations by 6.66% and 8.71%, respectively. This research serves as a framework for the interconnection pre-feasibility analysis of other small off-grid islands.