Preemptive Group Research Articles

Safe and favorable prognosis of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for the low-risk patients with non-acute type B aortic dissection.

Preemptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has the potential to improve the prognosis of Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD), however it is important to determine whether it could be safely performed as a prophylactic treatment. This study aimed to determine the short- and long-term outcomes of preemptive TEVAR for uncomplicated TBAD with a small aortic aneurysm. Retrospective multicenter analysis. We analyzed 212 patients with medically treated uncomplicated subacute TBAD between July 2004 and October 2019 in two Japanese academic centers. The short- and long-term prognosis of patients who underwent preemptive TEVAR and the changes in aortic diameter over time after TEVAR were analyzed. Aorta-related complications, aortic-related death and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Analysis was performed on an intension-to-treat basis. During follow-up, patients were divided into two groups: optimal medical treatment [OMT; n = 185 (87%)] and preemptive TEVAR [n = 27 (13%)]. In all cases, aortic enlargement was the reason for therapeutic intervention in the preemptive TEVAR group. Propensity score matching yielded a cohort of 27 control patients with OMT (group A) and 27 patients who underwent preemptive TEVAR (group B). Preoperative characteristics were similar between groups. In group B, only one patient developed type A dissection at a late stage and died from aortic rupture. Freedom from aortic-related death at 1/5/10 years was 100%/92%/92% in group B. Overall growth (mm/year) of max aorta was significantly smaller in the TEVAR group than in the control group (-3.7 ± 2.9 vs. 0.4 ± 5.6, p < 0.01), and the diameter of the false lumen was reduced (-8 ± 4.8 vs. -1.3 ± 8.0, p < 0.001). Short- and long-term outcomes of TEVAR for uncomplicated TBAD with a small aortic aneurysm were excellent, with few postoperative complications. After TEVAR, aortic remodeling was observed in the short term, suggesting that it may contribute to the prevention of aortic-related death due to rupture.

Preemptive Approach to Plerixafor Use Is Optimal in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Germ Cell Tumors Undergoing Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Collection: Effect on Collection Days, Yields, and Cost.

Evidence describing the use of plerixafor in the off-label population of relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (GCT) is limited. Weaim to describe the effect of rescue versus preemptive plerixafor use on apheresis collection days, collection yields, and cost. We retrospectively collected data on 77 consecutive patients (at least 15 years of age) with GCT who underwent peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection for autologous stem cell transplant between January 1, 2020 and May 1, 2022. Depending on insurance approval, plerixafor was given either as "rescue" (after a first apheresis collection of < 5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg) or as "preemptive" on Day 4 of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prior to the first apheresis collection, if the Day 4 peripheral blood CD34+ count was < 40 cells/μL. A total of 66% of patients who received preemptive plerixafor completed collection in 1 day, similar to good mobilizers who only needed G-CSF (71%, p = 0.366). In contrast, all poor mobilizers in the rescue group required at least 2 days of collection and had lower CD34+ cell yields than the preemptive group (7.15 vs. 9.81 × 106/kg, p = 0.0055). A cost analysis revealed that preemptive plerixafor may save approximately $7000 per patient compared with a rescue approach. Preemptive plerixafor in GCT patients undergoing PBSC collection allows relatively poor mobilizers to collect in fewer days and with lower overall cost. Fewer apheresis procedures result in less risk to the patient, increased patient satisfaction, and the ability to schedule more patients within the constraints of staffing.

Safety and Efficacy of a Preemptive Mycophenolate Mofetil Dose Reduction Strategy in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

There are no high-quality data to guide long-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to balance the long-term risks of allograft rejection with that of infections and malignancy. At our center, KTRs are managed with either a "preemptive" dose reduction strategy, where the MMF dose is reduced after the first year before the development of adverse events, or with a "reactive" dosing strategy, where they are maintained on the same MMF dose and only reduced if they develop an adverse event. We hypothesized that a preemptive MMF dosing strategy after the first year of transplantation is associated with decreased infections without increasing alloimmune complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all KTRs receiving MMF from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of infections requiring hospitalization. One hundred forty-two KTRs met the inclusion criteria, of whom 44 (31%) were in the preemptive group and 98 (69%) were in the reactive group. The median follow-up was 4 y (interquartile range, 3.8-4.0). Multivariable analysis showed that a preemptive MMF dose reduction strategy was associated with a lower risk of infections requiring hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.92). There was no difference in graft loss, rejection, or estimated glomerular filtration rate slope. Preemptive MMF dose reduction in KTRs may be an effective strategy to prevent infections without increasing the risk of allograft rejection. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

The effect of preemptive middle glenohumeral ligament release, following release of the rotator interval and coracohumeral ligament, in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of small- to medium-sized tears to prevent postoperative stiffness: a retrospective comparative study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) release during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) of small- to medium-sized tears to prevent postoperative stiffness. MethodsPatients who underwent ARCR of small- to medium-sized tears were enrolled and allocated into two groups retrospectively: the preemptive MGHL release group (MGHL+ group, n=34) and preemptive MGHL non-release group (MGHL- group, n=32). The rotator interval and coracohumeral ligament release were performed in all patients with or without MGHL release in both groups. Clinical outcomes including the range of motion (ROM), Constant Shoulder (CS) score, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score preoperatively and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively and complications were assessed and compared between the two groups. The integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed at the 12-month follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging. ResultsThe MGHL+ group showed a significantly higher external rotation, CS score, and UCLA score than the MGHL- group at 6 months postoperatively (P=.03, <.001, .01, respectively). The ROM and functional scores were not significantly different between the groups at 3 and 12 months postoperatively (P>.05). The retear rate, postoperative stiffness, and postoperative instability were not significantly different between the groups (all, P>.05). ConclusionsPreemptive MGHL release in ARCR of small- to medium-sized tears could be an effective method to prevent early postoperative shoulder stiffness but does not significantly change the overall clinical outcome after ARCR.

Pre-Emptive Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain (PAPP): An Updated Meta-Analysis

PurposePostoperative pain is a common consequence of surgery. Pre-emptive analgesia involves the initiation of analgesics prior to surgical incision. This has been proposed as a simple method to help reduce postoperative pain, which may be more effective in higher-risk populations such as cervical spine surgery. A previous meta-analysis has demonstrated that pre-emptive acetaminophen may be effective in reducing postoperative pain although the certainty of evidence was limited. This present paper is an updated meta-analysis comparing pre-emptive acetaminophen versus postincision acetaminophen in adult patients undergoing surgery. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis with the inclusion of an unpublished randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. MethodsAn updated meta-analysis was conducted which searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials with the same interventions. FindingsWe included 845 participants and 12 studies in the updated meta-analysis. The meta-analysis (including our trial) found reduced 24-hour morphine consumption in the pre-emptive group (mean difference −2.42 mg; 95% confidence interval −4.26 to −0.59 mg), as well as reduced postoperative vomiting (risk ratio 0.56; 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.88). There was no difference between pre-emptive acetaminophen and control groups for time to analgesic request, pain scores at 6 and 24 hours or pruritis. For all outcomes assessed, there was very low certainty of evidence. ConclusionsThis meta-analysis found pre-emptive acetaminophen reduced 24-hour opioid consumption and postoperative vomiting.

Prophylactic therapy using epigenetic agents for RUNX1::RUNXT1-positive high-risk AML after Allo-HSCT.

Disease recurrence is the leading cause of treatment failure in patients with RUNX1::RUNXT1-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Post-transplant maintenance therapy, guided by monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD), is commonly administered; however, relapse rates remain high. This prospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of epigenetic agents as prophylactic therapy in patients with RUNX1::RUNXT1-positive AML. Thirty high-risk patients received prophylactic therapy (n = 17 and n = 13 in the chidamide and AZA groups, respectively) between January 2019 and July 2023. 34 high-risk patients who received preemptive treatment due to molecular relapse were included in the analysis. The two-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in the prophylactic group compared to the preemptive group (82.82% vs. 51.38%, P = 0.014; 86.42% vs. 56.16%, P = 0.025, respectively); 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse rates were 13.8% and 36.40%, respectively (P = 0.037). In conclusion, prophylactic therapy with epigenetic agents may improve long-term prognosis and is well-tolerated in patients with RUNX1::RUNXT1-positive high-risk AML. Timely post-transplant prophylactic therapy may be more effective than preemptive therapy based on positive MRD results.

Adenotonsillektomi ve Tonsillektomi operasyonlarında preemptif analjezinin derlenme deliryumu üzerine etkisi

Amaç: Derlenme deliryumu etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmeyen, çoğunlukla küçük çocuklarda görülen, agresif davranışlar, göz teması eksikliği ve çevrenin farkında olmamakla karakterize bir fenomendir. Birçok sebepten kaynaklanabileceği gösterilmiş ancak en çok baş-boyun cerrahisi, inhaler ajanlar ve postoperatif ağrı suçlanmaktadır. Değerlendirmek için bazı skalalar kullanılır. Duyarlılığı en yüksek olan Pediyatrik Anestezi Deliryum Skalası olan "PAED" (Pediatric Anesthesia Delirium Scale)'dir. Preemptif analjezi, ağrı yolaklarının henüz ağrılı uyaran oluşmadan kesilerek engellenmesidir ve postoperatif analjezi için etkinliği birçok çalışma ile doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışma: preemptif analjezi yöntemi ile azaltılan postoperatif ağrının derlenme deliryumunu azaltacağı hipotez edilerek planlanmıştır.&#x0D; Gereç ve Yöntemler: Etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra adenotonsillektomi ve tonsillektomi operasyonu geçirecek, 2-7 yaş arası 96 hasta iki gruba randomize edildi. Analjezikler preemptif gruba indüksiyondan önce, intraoperatif gruba ise operasyonun başlamasından 15 dakika sonra uygulandı. Derlenme ünitesinde derlenme deliryumu PAED skalası ile, ağrı skorları çocuğun yüz ifadesi, bacakların pozisyonu, hareketleri, ağlaması ve avutulabilmesi değerlendirilerek yapılan “FLACC” (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) ağrı değerlendirme skalası ile değerlendirildi. FLACC&gt;7 ağrı ve PAED&gt; 10 derlenme deliryumu kabul edildi.&#x0D; Bulgular: Preemptif grupta PAED ve FLACC skorları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük bulundu ancak derlenme deliryum gelişme insidansı açısından iki grup arasında sadece 5.dakikada anlamlı fark saptandı (p

Comparison of preemptive and preventive intravenous acetaminophen on opioid consumption in pediatrics undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Posterior spinal fusion (PSF), commonly used for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), causes severe postoperative pain. Intravenous (IV) administration of acetaminophen has shown promise for opioid-sparing analgesia; however, its analgesic effect and optimal timing for its standard use remain unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect and optimal timing of IV acetaminophen administration in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing PSF and requiring adequate pain control. This prospective, randomized, triple-blind trial was conducted in patients aged 11-20 undergoing PSF. Participants were randomized into three groups: the preemptive group (received IV acetaminophen 15 mg/kg after anesthetic induction/before surgical incision), the preventive group (received IV acetaminophen 15 mg/kg at the end of surgery/before skin closure), and the placebo group. The primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 h postoperatively. Among the 99 enrolled patients, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) amount of opioid consumption during the postoperative 24 h was 60.66 ± 23.84, 52.23 ± 22.43, and 66.70 ± 23.01 mg in the preemptive, preventive, and placebo groups, respectively (overall P = 0.043). A post hoc analysis revealed that the preventive group had significantly lower opioid consumption than the placebo group (P = 0.013). However, no significant differences between the groups were observed for the secondary outcomes. The preventive administration of scheduled IV acetaminophen reduces cumulative opioid consumption without increasing the incidence of drug-induced adverse events in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing PSF.

The prognosis of preoperative preemptive intubation for acute type A aortic dissection patients: a retrospective propensity score matching study.

Acute type A aortic dissection (AADA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease, and improving perioperative mortality remains a significant challenge. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of preemptive intubation under adequate sedation and analgesia on the prognosis of AADA patients under the high rupture risk. The medical records of patients diagnosed with AADA and admitted to Changhai Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received preoperative preemptive intubation in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) before surgery. We used propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to conduct statistical analyses on the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data of the two groups. A total of 134 patients were eventually included in the study. One patient (3.8%) in the pre-intubation group and 15 (13.9%) in the control group died of dissection rupture before surgery. After excluding patients with dissection rupture, there were 25 patients in the pre-intubation group and 93 patients in the non-intubation group. After PSM, there were 17 patients in the pre-intubation group and 68 patients in the non-intubation group. Baseline data analysis showed that the pre-intubation group had a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (10.2±3.9 vs. 8.0±4.7, P=0.036) and a higher proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (16.0% vs. 1.1%, P=0.007). The rate of massive pericardial effusion was also higher in the intubation group (28.0% vs. 10.8%, P=0.049), and preoperative oxygenation index was lower (273.2±97.3 vs. 322.1±100.9, P=0.032) compared to the control group. The results showed no significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative data for the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated a trend towards a more favorable prognosis for patients in the preemptive intubation group, but this difference was not significant either before or after PSM. Preemptive pre-intubation may benefit high-risk patients with factors such as hypoxia, massive pericardial effusion, and agitation, improving the more critically AADA patients' perioperative outcomes.

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation before Lymphocyte Apheresis for CAR-T Cells Therapy Negatively Impacts on T-Cells Fitness and NK Cell Levels in DLBCL Patients

Background Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are an effective therapy in Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). However, more than half of patients (pts) still relapse. CAR-T cells from T-lymphocytes (T-Ly) enriched for early lineage T-cells have shown higher replicative potential and better efficacy. Recent studies have also shown that NK cells may enhance CAR-T cells antitumor efficacy by enhancing immune/tumor cells cluster formation and improving CAR-T cells fitness. In the BioCART BS study, we assessed the T-cell subpopulations and NK cells at Ly-apheresis evaluating the impact of previous treatments. Methods Since April 2021, 27 DLBCL pts underwent Ly-apheresis at our Center. In Italy, until now, DLBCL pts are eligible to CAR-T cells therapy if relapsed/refractory after at least two lines of treatments. Since cryopreservation of the apheresed Ly is allowed for Tisa-cel, DLBCL pts with poor prognostic risk factor (primary refractory; PET positivity before Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation [ASCT]; relapse within 12 months) were enrolled in a “pre-emptive” Ly-apheresis program, scheduling leukapheresis as soon as possible. Combinations of monoclonal antibodies were used by Flow Cytometry to evaluate the CD4/CD8 ratios and T-cell subset percentages and counts. In particular of CD45RA+CCR7+ Naïve (N), CD45RA-CCR7+ Central Memory (CM), CD45RA-CCR7- Effector Memory (EM), and CD45RA+CCR7- Terminally Differentiated (TD) cells. NK cells were defined as CD3-CD56+/CD3-CD16+ cells. CAR-T cells expansion was evaluated using specific CD19 CAR reagent. All stained samples were acquired on a Canto II (BD Bioscience) flow cytometer and analyzed using DIVA software version 9.0. The CAR-T cells therapy response was evaluated at 30 days post infusion by CT or PET scan. Results 12 out of the 27 (44.4%) DLBCL pts underwent pre-emptive Ly-apheresis: 3 pts were primary refractory, 7 had PET+ before ASCT, while 2 relapsed within 1 year from the end of treatment program. Conversely, 15 pts were enrolled in the standard program, after at least two lines of treatment. The latter have been divided into 2 groups: pts who had received ASCT (n=9) and those who did not (n=6). At baseline, no clinical differences have been observed between the three groups. The median age was 61 years (29-73), while most pts had IPI &amp;gt;2 (68%) and Ann Arbor score&amp;gt;2 (82%). Comparing T-cell subpopulations at Ly-apheresis, pts who previously underwent ASCT presented a more “exhausted” T-Ly profile (Figure 1). Indeed, they displayed lower CD4/CD8 ratios compared with both the pre-emptive (p 0.03) and standard group without a history of ASCT (p 0.003). In addition, ASCT results in lower CD4+ Naïve T cells, both as percentage of parental cells and as absolute count, compared to the other two groups (p 0.003 and 0.005 for the pre-emptive group, p 0.005 for the group without previous ASCT). Conversely, pts who underwent ASCT had higher percentages and absolute counts of CD4+ EM T-Ly than pts in the pre-emptive group (p 0.003 and 0.05, respectively). They had also lower CD8+ Naïve T cells compared with those pts in the standard group who did not receive ASCT, while they displayed a trend towards increased absolute counts of highly differentiated CD8+ cells. Considering the NK-cells, pts who underwent ASCT had lower percentages of NK cells compared with pts of the pre-emptive group, as well as the standard group not receiving ASCT (p 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). This may reduce the CAR-T cells antitumor efficacy and CAR-T cell fitness. Of note, the T-Ly fitness impacts both on CAR-T cells expansion and efficacy. Indeed, pts who previously underwent ASCT less frequently had an adequate CAR-T cells expansion (“expander” pts: 25% vs. 75%) and a lower peak of CAR+ cells (4.5% vs. 21.9% CAR+ cells). In addition, pts who previously underwent ASCT displayed a lower, although not significant, complete remission rate at 30-days response compared with those pts who did not received it (20% vs. 44.4%). Notably, 5 out of 12 (42%) pts in the pre-emptive group had already activated a CAR-T cell program, showing its feasibility. Conclusion ASCT before Ly-apheresis results in more “exhausted” T-Ly profile and lower NK cells proportion at the time of leukapheresis. Timely pre-ASCT Ly-apheresis, as well as the use of CAR-T in second line would help to collect more “fit” Ly enriched with NK cells, and this may result in higher CAR-T cells expansion and efficacy.

The Analgesic Effects of Preemptive Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Comparison with Erector Spinae Plane Block in Elderly Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Perioperative pain management strategies in the elderly undergoing hip arthroplasty need special and safe preemptive care. The primary aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of preemptive ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and lumbar erector spinae plane block (L-ESPB) in the elderly undergoing hip arthroplasty. The time to the first postoperative rescue analgesia was measured. The secondary aim was to assess the ease of spinal positioning (EOSP), onset of sensory block, block performance time, and patient satisfaction. Before positioning for spinal anesthesia, 69 elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were randomized into three groups (n = 23 per group). The first intervention group received ultrasound-guided PENG block with 20 mL bupivacaine 0.25%; the second intervention group received ultrasound-guided L-ESPB using the same dose of bupivacaine. In the control group, patients received spinal anesthesia without any block. The time to first postoperative rescue analgesic (morphine) was significantly prolonged in the PENG group (13.3 ± 3.5 h) compared to the L-ESPB (9.5 ± 2.3 h) and control (2.6 ± 0.4 h) groups. The EOSP score was significantly higher in the PENG group compared to the L-ESPB and control groups (P < 0.001). The block performance time and oneset of the sensory block were significantly shorter in the PENG group compared to the L-ESPB group. The highest patient satisfaction scores were observed in the PENG group. Preemptive pericapsular nerve group block postponed the need for postoperative analgesia and eased spinal positioning compared to L-ESPB in the elderly undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Empirical vs pre-emptive broad-spectrum antifungal therapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia in the era of antimould prophylaxis

This study compared clinical outcomes in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) who developed prolonged (≥4 days) febrile neutropenia (FN) and received either empirical or pre-emptive antimould prophylaxis in order to evaluate the need for routine empirical antifungal therapy. This retrospective study reviewed adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with AML who developed prolonged FN and received antimould prophylaxis during induction or re-induction chemotherapy at a single centre between September 2016 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into pre-emptive or empirical groups based on whether or not there was clinical evidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) at the start of antifungal treatment, respectively. Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups after propensity score matching (PSM). In total, 229 chemotherapy episodes (36 and 193 in the empirical and pre-emptive groups, respectively) were analysed. In the pre-emptive group, broad-spectrum antifungal therapy was administered in 45 (23.3%) episodes. After 1:3 PSM, there were no significant differences between the empirical and pre-emptive groups in terms of the incidence of proven or probable IFI [0/36 (0%) vs 5/97 (5.2%); P=0.323], all-cause mortality [3/36 (8.3%) vs 4/97 (4.1%); P=0.388] and IFI-related mortality [0/36 (0.0%) vs 1/45 (2.2%); P=0.556]. The differences in clinical outcomes between empirical and pre-emptive antifungal therapy in patients with AML who received antimould prophylaxis were not significant. Therefore, broad-spectrum antifungal therapy in patients receiving antimould prophylaxis may be delayed until there is clear evidence of IFI.

Factors to consider during anesthesia in patients undergoing preemptive kidney transplantation: a propensity-score matched analysis

BackgroundInternational guidelines have recommended preemptive kidney transplantation (KT) as the preferred approach, advocating for transplantation before the initiation of dialysis. This approach is advantageous for graft and patient survival by avoiding dialysis-related complications. However, recipients of preemptive KT may undergo anesthesia without the opportunity to optimize volume status or correct metabolic disturbances associated with end-stage renal disease. In these regard, we aimed to investigate the anesthetic events that occur more frequently during preemptive KT compared to nonpreemptive KT.MethodsThis is a single-center retrospective study. Of the 672 patients who underwent Living donor KT (LDKT), 388 of 519 who underwent nonpreemptive KT were matched with 153 of 153 who underwent preemptive KT using propensity score based on preoperative covariates. The primary outcome was intraoperative hypotension defined as area under the threshold (AUT), with a threshold set at a mean arterial blood pressure below 70 mmHg. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative metabolic acidosis estimated by base excess and serum bicarbonate, electrolyte imbalance, the use of inotropes or vasopressors, intraoperative transfusion, immediate graft function evaluated by the nadir creatinine, and re-operation due to bleeding.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, we analyzed 388 and 153 patients in non-preemptive and preemptive groups. The multivariable analysis revealed the AUT of the preemptive group to be significantly greater than that of the nonpreemptive group (mean ± standard deviation, 29.7 ± 61.5 and 14.5 ± 37.7, respectively, P = 0.007). Metabolic acidosis was more severe in the preemptive group compared to the nonpreemptive group. The differences in the nadir creatinine value and times to nadir creatinine were statistically significant, but clinically insignificant.ConclusionIntraoperative hypotension and metabolic acidosis occurred more frequently in the preemptive group during LDKT. These findings highlight the need for anesthesiologists to be prepared and vigilant in managing these events during surgery.

Pre-emptive use of prolonged release oxycodone/naloxone combo significantly reduces postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty

Background &amp; Objective: The role of pre-emptive analgesia remains controversial. Targeting the end of the surgery, the needed serum levels of analgesic can be achieved using prolonged release preparations, reducing acute postoperative pain and related complications. We assessed the efficacy of pre-emptive intake of prolonged release oxycodone/naloxone combination tablets on postoperative pain.&#x0D; Methodology: We enrolled 152 patients who underwent an elective total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia in the current study. The patients who prospectively received a tablet of prolonged release oxycodone 10 mg + naloxone 5 mg just before induction of general anesthesia, were categorized in the pre-emptive group (n = 76). The hospital records of 76 patients, already operated, and who did not receive any pre-emptive opioids before induction were included in the control group. Patients’ postoperative pain was measured on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Piritramide is routinely used in our hospital for postoperative pain titrated until NRS level of 3 or less is achieved. Study outcomes were; the dose of piritramide used, and the time spent in post anesthesia care unit (PACU).&#x0D; Results: Preoperative use of oxycodone/naloxone combination reduces the frequency of postoperative opioid use (25% vs. 7.8%; P = 0.007) and the piritramide usage (12 mg vs. 15 mg; P = 0.001) in the pre-emptive group compared to the control group. The number of patients who needed relatively small doses of piritramide (≤ 9 mg piritramide) was more in the pre-emptive group compared to the control group (44.7% vs 25%; P = 0.017).&#x0D; Conclusion: The pre-emptive use of oxycodone/naloxone combination is a safe and effective way to reduce postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty.&#x0D; Abbreviations: NRS - Numerical Rating Scale; PACU - Post Anesthesia Care Unit; BMI - Body Mass Index; NSAIDs - Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs&#x0D; Key words: Analgesia, Pre-emptive; Oxycodone; Pain, Postoperative; Total Hip Arthroplasty&#x0D; Citation: Jocović J, Jocović M, Thieme M, Eberle T, Reppmann J. Pre-emptive use of prolonged release oxycodone/naloxone combination significantly reduces postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):464−469; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2150&#x0D; Received: February 06, 2023; Reviewed: March o3, 2023; Accepted: June 06, 2023

Comparison of preemptive etoricoxib and dexamethasone in third molar surgery - a randomized controlled clinical trial of patient-reported and clinical outcomes.

To compare preemptive single-dose etoricoxib and dexamethasone on postoperative patient satisfaction (pPS) and clinical parameters following the impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) extraction. A parallel-group, triple-blinded, controlled clinical study included a total of 90 patients (n = 30), randomized to receive: etoricoxib 90mg, dexamethasone 4mg, or no premedication (control group) 1h before surgery. Paracetamol 500mg was prescribed as rescue medication (RM). Check-ups were scheduled at 24h, 48h, and day 7 post-surgery. At each time point, pPS was assessed using the 5-point Likert scale. RM parameters, swelling, trismus, and the occurrence of adverse events were also recorded, and patients were instructed to rate the perceived pain on Visual Analogue Scale. In all the follow-up periods, data indicated significantly higher pPS scores in the preemptive medication groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Both regimens delayed the first RM intake when compared to controls. In the etoricoxib group, a significantly lower total RM consumption was observed (p < 0.05). Dexamethasone significantly decreased swelling at each check-up and increased mouth opening at day 7 after the surgery (p < 0.05). Preemptive etoricoxib and dexamethasone elevate pPS after IMTM surgery. Etoricoxib improves RM parameters, while dexamethasone ameliorates the patient's postoperative functional ability. Preemptive etoricoxib and dexamethasone use may decrease patients' discomfort following the impacted mandibular third molar extraction. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05791721. Date of Registration: 28/03/2023 (retrospectively registered).

Pre-emptive versus preventive analgesia for postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPostoperative pain is a type of nociceptive pain that originates from tissue damage due to trauma caused by surgery. Pre-emptive analgesia is treatment that starts before surgery, to prevent or reduce the establishment of sensitization of dorsal horn neurons caused by tissue injury, the sensitized neurons being supposed to amplify postoperative pain. Pre-emptive analgesia consists of administering analgesic medication before tissue injury, that is, before the reception, transmission, modulation, and nociception of the aggressive stimulus, aiming to prevent hyperalgesia. This review aims to compare the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia and preventive analgesia in postoperative pain. MethodsArticle searching was done on five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey). Hand-searching was also done to find additional articles. We have only included double-blind, randomized, controlled trials (RCT). A total of fifteen articles were included and all were RCT studies comparing pre-emptive analgesia with preventive analgesia. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tools. Quantitative analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4. ResultsFifteen studies comprising 830 subjects were included in this study. Our analysis revealed that pre-emptive analgesia significantly improved visual analog scale (VAS)/numeric rating scale (NRS)/verbal rating scale (VRS) 4 hours postoperatively [mean difference (MD) = -0.25, 95% CI: [- 0.49, -0.02]; I2 = 94%]. Unfortunately, pain scoring at 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery did not differ significantly between pre-emptive and preventive analgesia. Duration of analgesia was comparable between the two groups. Time to rescue analgesics was similar between the two groups, but the pre-emptive group was associated with less analgesic consumption postoperatively than the preventive group. ConclusionPre-emptive analgesia provided better pain relief than preventive analgesia during the short term. Time to rescue analgesics is comparable between both groups, but pre-emptive analgesia is associated with lower amounts of rescue analgesics postoperatively.

Preemptive middle glenohumeral ligament release in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair does not reduce the postoperative stiffness: a retrospective comparative study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) release in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) to reduce postoperative stiffness.MethodsPatients who underwent ARCR were enrolled and allocated into two groups retrospectively: the preemptive MGHL release group (n = 44) and the preemptive MGHL non-release group (n = 42). Clinical outcomes were assessed and compared between the two groups, including the range of motion, Japanese Orthopedic Association Shoulder Score, Constant Shoulder Score, and the University of California, Los Angeles Score preoperatively and 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively and complications. The integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed at the 12-month follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in all range of motion and all functional scores at any of the assessed time points. There was also no significant difference in the healing failure rate 2.3% in the preemptive MGHL group and 2.4% in the preemptive MGHL non-release group (p = .97), and postoperative stiffness was 2.3% in the preemptive MGHL group and 7.1% in the preemptive MGHL non-release group (p = .28). There was no postoperative instability in both group.ConclusionARCR effectively facilitates the recovery of range of motion and function in patients with a rotator cuff tear. However, preemptive MGHL release could not be an effective method to reduce postoperative stiffness.

Frequency of opioids prescribing in the postoperative period and ways to reduce their need

Objective ‒ to explore the need for additional analgesia during surgical interventions on the respiratory organs, by evaluating the consumption of opioids in the postoperative period.Materials and methods. The data of 157 patients, who underwent open surgery for lung cancer were analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups: Multimodal analgesia group (n=39): 1000 mg of paracetamol IV 1 hour before the incision, as well as IV administration of dexketoprofen 50 mg, in the postoperative period dexketoprofen and paracetamol were administered every 8 hours with epidural analgesia using ropivacaine 2 mg/ml (3‒14 mL/h). Thoracic epidural analgesia group (n=37): epidural analgesia: in the postoperative period – ropivacaine 2 mg/ml (3‒14 mL/h). Preemptive analgesia group (n=41): according to the concept of preemptive analgesia ‒ 1000 mg of paracetamol IV 1 hour before the incision, as well as IV administration of dexketoprofen 50 mg, in the postoperative period ‒ dexketoprofen and paracetamol were administered every 8 hours. Control group (n=40): patients received dexketoprofen 50 mg and, if necessary, an opioid analgesic. Pain syndrome was assessed using a visual analog scale from 0‒100 mm.Results. The lowest average dose of morphine consumption was not statistically significantly different in the multimodal analgesia and preemptive analgesia groups (p=0.933), and was significantly lower than in the control and thoracic epidural analgesia groups.Conclusions. The use of a preventive approach to perioperative analgesia in thoracic surgery, which involves the use of paracetamol and dexketoprofen, is not statistically significantly different in terms of pain indicators and the dose and number of morphine prescriptions compared to intravenous administration of paracetamol and dexketoprofen in combination with epidural ropivacaine analgesia (p&gt;0.05).

Comparison of high-dose IVIG and rituximab versus rituximab as a preemptive therapy for de novo donor-specific antibodies in kidney transplant patients

De novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) is associated with a higher risk of kidney graft failure. However, it is unknown whether preemptive treatment of subclinical dnDSA is beneficial. Here, we assessed the efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rituximab combination therapy for subclinical dnDSA. An open-label randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at two Korean institutions. Adult (aged ≥ 19 years) kidney transplant patients with subclinical class II dnDSA (mean fluorescence intensity ≥ 1000) were enrolled. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive rituximab or rituximab with IVIG at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was the change in dnDSA titer at 3 and 12 months after treatment. A total of 46 patients (24 for rituximab and 22 for rituximab with IVIG) were included in the analysis. The mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 66.7 ± 16.3 mL/min/1.73 m2. The titer decline of immune-dominant dnDSA at 12 months in both the preemptive groups was significant. However, there was no difference between the two groups at 12 months. Either kidney allograft function or proteinuria did not differ between the two groups. No antibody-mediated rejection occurred in either group. Preemptive treatment with high-dose IVIG combined with rituximab did not show a better dnDSA reduction compared with rituximab alone.Trial registration: IVIG/Rituximab versus Rituximab in Kidney Transplant With de Novo Donor-specific Antibodies (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04033276, first trial registration (26/07/2019).

Effect of Preemptive Multimodal Analgesia Regimen on Post-operative Epidural Demand Boluses in Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries.

Introduction Excruciating pain is associated with lower limb orthopaedic surgeries involving femoral shaft fractures. Postoperative pain management is still ineffective in low-resource settings where the use of epidural and opioid-free analgesia is impractical. Literature is scarce with respect to the effect of a preemptive multimodal analgesia regimen on the requirement of postoperative epidural demand boluses.Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectof pre-emptive multimodal analgesia in reducing the requirement of epidural demand boluses postoperatively, and to find out the time required to receive the first epidural bolus. Material and methods This double-blinded randomized control study included 48 subjects. Patients aged 18-60 years with lower limb fractures requiring surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were included. Patients were divided into two groups through random allocation. Group A: Preemptive multimodal group received intravenous paracetamol 1 g, IV diclofenac 75 mg diluted in 100ml NS, IV tramadol 50mg diluted in 100ml NS and tab pregabalin 75 mg orally, 30 mins before surgery. Group B:Placebo group received 3 pints of 100ml NS IV and tab ranitidine 150 mg, 30 mins before surgery. Intraoperatively, combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia was administered taking all theaseptic precautions. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded immediately on shifting to a postoperative room, and then at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr for both groups. Epidural boluses (10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine with 2 μg/ml of fentanyl) were given whenever the patient's visual analogue scale was more than 4. The time at which the first epidural bolus was required by the patient was recorded. The total number of epidural boluses given over 24 hours based on VAS was recorded for both, the preemptive and placebo groups. If the patient still complained of pain, IV diclofenac 75 mg was given if the VAS was more than 4, while IV diclofenac 75 mg along with IV tramadol 50 mg was given if the VAS was more than 6. Patient satisfaction with anesthesia care, in general, was assessed 24 hrs postoperatively. Results A total of 48 subjects were included in the study. During the immediate-postoperative period, and at 8, 12 and 24 hr, the median VASwas significantly low in group A as compared to group B. A significant increase in the demand for epidural bolusimmediate-postoperatively was observed in group B (70.83%) compared to group A (4.17%) (p-value of <0.001).At 8 hr, 12hr, and 24hr, patients in group A found a significantly less need for epidural boluses compared to Group B. The mean total number of epidural boluses taken in group A was significantly less compared to group B (1.79 ± 0.41 VS 3.33 ± 0.48, p-Value <0.001). In group A, all patients reported no requirement for diclofenac and tramadol. In group B, 8.33% required diclofenac 75 mg, while the remaining 91.66% had no requirement for diclofenac and tramadol. The difference in patient satisfaction with anaesthesia care in general between the two study groups was found to be significant with a p-value of 0.027. Patients in Group A were very satisfied compared with those in group B. Conclusions The study found that the pre-emptive multimodal analgesia group had better postoperative pain control because they required fewer epidural boluses and no extra analgesics postoperatively. This group was more satisfied with the anaesthesia care in general.