Preeclampsia In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Polymorphic locus rs805303 is associated with the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with fetal growth retardation

Polymorphic locus rs805303 is associated with the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with fetal growth retardation

Risk factors for severe pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Risk factors for severe pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The relation between serum uric acid and severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.

There are conflicting data regarding the relation between serum uric acid (SUA) and severity of preeclampsia (PE). The aim of the study was to assess the relation between SUA and the severity of PE. A total of 110 pregnant women were studied; 55 with mild PE were compared to 55 women with severe PE in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Maternity Hospital. After thorough evaluation and renal function tests, spot urine samples were taken from participants for the protein/creatinine ratio. The urine proteins were measured by the Biuret colorimetric method. The urine creatinine was measured by the modified Jaffe test. The serum uric acid was measured by the enzymatic method. The collected participants' data were statistically analysed, and Pearson's coefficient was used to detect the relation between SUA and severity of PE. The serum uric acid was significantly higher in the severe PE group (7.65 ±0.61 mg/dl) compared to the mild PE group (5.26 ±0.79 mg/dl), (p = 0.04). There were significant positive relations between the SUA and both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures [r = 0.27 (p = 0.045) and r = 0.483 (p < 0.001), respectively] in the severe PE group. There were also significant positive relations between the SUA and both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures [r = 0.359 (p = 0.007) and r = 0.429 (p = 0.001), respectively] in the mild PE group. There were significant positive relations between the SUA and both the systolic and dia-stolic blood pressures in the severe PE group. This study recommends the use of SUA as a reliable marker of the severity of PE.

Cytomegalovirus Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity Status in Women with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study.

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication, has been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in observational studies. CMV-specific T cell response plays a major role in viremia clearance. We explored whether CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) status is associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women. CMV-specific CMI was assessed using CMV-QuantiFERON (QF-CMV) assay in plasma serum of 35 women with preeclampsia as well as 35 normal pregnant controls, retrospectively. Participants were matched for gestational age in a 1:1 ratio. The proportion of reactive results, the mean value of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) level produced in mitogen and antigen tubes were compared between the cases and controls through Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated as well. No significant differences observed between demographic characteristics of the case and control groups. The QF-CMV assay turned reactive (QF-CMV [ + ]) Women with preeclampsia had lower mean IFN-γ levels in antigen tube compared with normal pregnant controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the value of mitogen tube between case and controls women with suppressed CMV-CMI were 6.3 times more likely to have preeclampsia. This result even strengthened after adjustment for age, gestational age, and gravidity. Our findings support an association between suppressed CMV-specific CMI and preeclampsia.

Vitamin D and preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent pregnancy disorders, with a global incidence of 2%-8%. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is an essential mineral for human health; some studies suggest link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia, while others offer contradictory findings. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate the relationships between maternal 25- hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of preeclampsia. In addition to this, our study also evaluates the effects of 25- hydroxyvitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia. Therefore, assessing 25- hydroxyvitamin D's potential as a possible intervention to lower the risk of preeclampsia. The Medline database was queried from inception until July 2021 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies without any restrictions. The studies assessing the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia and the impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia were incorporated. The results were reported using a random-effects meta-analysis and the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant for the analysis. This analysis includes 34 papers, including 10 randomized controlled trials and 24 observational studies. According to our pooled analysis, 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.40-0.63; p = 0.00001), while 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR: 4.30; 95 % CI: 2.57-7.18; p < 0.00001, OR: 1.71; 95 % Cl: 1.27-2.32; p = 0.0005, OR 1.61; 95 % Cl: 1.21-2.16; p = 0.001). Results suggest that 25-hydroxyvitamin D has a significant relationship with preeclampsia as confirmed by the findings that low maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations cause increased risk of preeclampsia while 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of preeclampsia. Our findings indicate that 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation can be used as a possible intervention strategy in preventing one of the most common causes of maternal mortality around the world, preeclampsia.

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTA IN WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA AND OBESITY COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH NORMAL BODY WEIGHT.

The aim: to investigate the morphometric characteristics of placentas in women with comorbidity of preeclampsia and obesity compared to women with physiological body weight, and to assess the efficacy of the prophylactic therapy course developed to prevent the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity. Materials and methods: 25 biopsy samples of placental tissue were taken from women between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation with a physiological body weight and with class II obesity. The women were divided into five groups of five women in each: the 1st group included women with physiological body weight without obstetric and somatic pathology; the 2nd group involved women with physiological body weight, whose pregnancy was complicated with preeclampsia; the 3rd group was made up of women with class II obesity whose pregnancy was complicated with preeclampsia; the 4th group consisted of women with class II obesity, who received the special prophylactic therapy course, and the 5th group included women with class II obesity, who did not receive the prophylactic therapy course. Results: The analysis of morphometric parameters of placenta samples taken from women with preeclampsia and obesity demonstrates a number of com-pensatory and adaptive changes in placenta under hypoxic conditions, and the most important of them include a significant decrease in the number and the mean diameter of the terminal villi, the reduction of volume of villious tree, an increase in the diameter of the capillaries of terminal villi. The morphometric parameters and histological structure in placenta samples from women with obesity, who received the special the prophylactic therapy course, as well as in placenta samples of the control group were similar to the gestational normative values. Conclusions: The morphometric investigation of placenta samples taken from women with comorbidity of preeclampsia and obesity has shown a significant decrease in the mean diameter of the terminal villi and an increase in the diameter of the capillaries of these terminal villi when compared with a group of women with preeclampsia and physiological body weight. The study has also demonstrated the distortion of the percentage ratio of the volume of the intervil¬lous space and the ratio of medium-calibre villi. The combination of these changes indicates a lack of adaptive capabilities in the placenta during preeclampsia under increasing hypoxic condition.

Study of histopathological changes and the levels of TNF-α in Preterm Preeclamptic women

Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality that manifests as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with signs of uteroplacental or maternal organ dysfunction or proteinuria. This condition is linked to intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, fetal distress, and fetal death in utero. The findings of the recent study can be summed up as follows: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of placenta tissues revealed a significant area of calcification in the villous stroma. Additionally, increased collagen fibers around blood vessels and varying degrees of mononuclear cell infiltration are caused by capillary and vein congestion. The Masson's Trichrome stain revealed deposited fibrin between decidual cells and extra-villous cytotrophoblasts, which were surrounded by mature intermediate and terminal villi. Congestion of veins with increased fibrin deposits around veins and arterial vessels with increased fibrocytes When the data was statistically analyzed, it was discovered that PE pregnant women had significantly p&lt;0.05 higher levels of serum TNF- α , than normotensive women ( NT ). Finally, the study found a link between preterm PE and women's pregnancy, as well as histopathologic and immunological parameters in preterm PE and NT women.&#x0D;

Changes in opthalmic artery doppler velocimetry in women with preeclampsia in Kano, Nigeria.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are among the most serious complications of pregnancy and represent important contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia (PE)-eclampsia syndrome is the most important hypertensive gestational condition. Maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetry enables the identification of pregnant women with increased cerebral blood flow who are at risk of developing severe PE and eclampsia. Hence the need to determine the changes in ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices in PE in Kano,Nigeria becomes paramount. Ninety-six patients with the clinical diagnosis of PE and 96 normotensive pregnant controls between 20 and 40 weeks' gestational age were recruited for this study. Ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices of the two groups were measured and documented. The mean velocimetric measurements in the control group were as follows: peak systolic velocity (PSV) = 38.04 ± 13.68 cm/s, End-diastolic volume (EDV) =9.14 ± 3.65 cm/s, resistivity index (RI) = 0.75 ± 0.091, pulsatility index (PI) =1.62 ± 0.55, peak mesodiastolic velocity (PMDV) = 21.02 ± 8.83 cm/s, peak ratio (PR) = 0.56 ± 0.14. The mean velocimetric indices in the PE group were PSV = 44.59 ± 11.54 cm/s, EDV = 12.23 ± 2.66 cm/s, RI = 0.71 ± 0.069, PI = 1.67 ± 0.42, PMDV = 32.27 ± 9.12 and PR = 0.72 ± 0.10. There is a significant difference in the ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices between women with PE and normal pregnant women. Ophthalmic artery Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool in monitoring the hemodynamic changes in cerebral circulation in PE.

Changes in Serum Adiponectin and Serum Leptin Levels Can Predict Pre-Eclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study

Background: The study aims to investigate maternal adiponectin and leptin levels as prospective markers of preeclampsia, as well as the ratio of maternal adiponectin to leptin levels. Additionally, this research investigated the relationship between these two hormones. In addition to that, the purpose of this study was to analyze the connection that exists between the two hormones. Materials and Methods: This is a study that looks forward into the foreseeable future. The pregnant women who were willing to take part in the research were split into two groups: the first group, which was referred to as the study group, consisted of fifty women who had been diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and the second group, which was referred to as the control group, consisted of fifty normotensive women of the same gestational age who did not have proteinuria. The levels of adiponectin, leptin, and their ratio were evaluated in the maternal serum of pre-eclamptic (the study group)and normotensive women(the control group).. The comparison's outcomes were analysed Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of adiponectin found in the study group compared to the levels found in the control group. When comparing the levels of leptin in the study group with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference (p&lt; 0.001) between the two groups. When compared to the control group, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin was considerably lower in the group that participated in the study (p&lt;&lt;0.001). When used as predictors of pre-eclampsia, serum leptin and the serum adiponectin/leptin ratio displayed a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 87.9%, a positive predictive value of 88.7%, and a negative predictive value of 73%. Additionally, the ratio of serum adiponectin to leptin exhibited a positive predictive value of 86.9 percent. Both the adiponectin/leptin ratio cutoff point and the leptin cutoff point were found to be optimal at 0.161. It was determined that a cutoff criterion of 24.1 ng/ml for serum leptin should be used. Both the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the serum leptin levels were significantly linked with significant degrees of accuracy (p &lt;0.001) in the prediction of obesity. Conclusion: In research on pre-eclampsia, the examination of the maternal leptin level should be included, and a cut-off level of greater than 24.2 ng/ml should be employed as a diagnostic biomarker. This is due to the fact that pre-eclampsia is linked to hyperleptinemia, which is a condition that is characterised by dangerously high blood pressure in the mother. The ratio of adiponectin to leptin should be checked in every instance of preeclampsia, and the diagnostic threshold should be set to less than 0.153. This ratio is a potential biomarker for preeclampsia and should be examined in every case. Keywords: Leptin, adiponectin, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin, pre-eclampsia, and biomarkers

Utilizing Go-Yoga Smartphone Application to Prevent Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

After bleeding, hypertension is the second leading cause of maternal death. Hypertension is caused by a combination of factors, including increased stress and a low level of albumin. All of these changes will cause complications and necessitate long-term medication therapy. As a result, complementary therapies such as family roles and yoga are required. Many people are unfamiliar with yoga movements, so this study provides innovation by incorporating yoga into a smartphone application. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in the implementation of the Go-Yoga smartphone application and the role of the family in pregnant women in the III trimester on blood pressure and albumin levels. This type of research is quasi-experimental involving 60 pregnant women in the third trimester. In Group I, 20 pregnant women practiced yoga with books; in Group II, 20 pregnant women exercised yoga with the Go-Yoga app without their families; and in Group III, 20 pregnant women practiced yoga with their families. The study's results revealed significant blood pressure, with the third group having the highest average (p = 0.000 1). Pregnant women who utilize the Go-Yoga app with their families have lower blood pressure than other groups. Furthermore, pregnant women who employ the Go-Yoga app with their families have higher albumin levels than other groups. Therefore, this study suggests employing the Go-Yoga application with the family prevents hypertension in pregnancy.

Evaluation of Preeclampsia Risk in Gestational Weight Gain

Background: The incidence of obesity worldwide has increased over the last 20 years. The increase in obesity in maternal pregnancy is causing a major challenge to obstetrics practices. The aimed study was to evaluate gestational weight gain as a risk for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2756 pregnant women with gestational age≥37 weeks. The selection of women was categorized into two groups, 1528 normal-weight women with BMI less than 25kg/m2 and 1228 pregnant women with a BMI of 25kg/m2 or more. SPSS software version 26.0 was used to analyze data. Multivariate logistic regression described the relation of weight change to pregnancy course and outcomes. Results: A comparison between study groups shows an increase in antepartum complications in obese women. Besides that, arterial hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes were more frequent in overweight women compared to normal-weight women. The incidence of cesarean was highest in overweight and obese women with a statistically significant difference from normal weight women (p-value &lt;0.005). In addition, maternal overweight and obese were at twice the risk for delivering infants with macrosomia (OR = 3.1, 95%CI = [1.09-5.8]). The difference in mean birth weight of the babies between normal and overweight women was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that obesity during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications. To optimize all complications for the mother and fetus, weight gain during the pregnancy must be controlled and appropriate. Furthermore, studies are recommended to explore maternal obesity complications and risk factors for obesity to minimize the adverse effect of this risk.&#x0D; &#x0D;

APOL1 genotype associated risk for preeclampsia in African populations: Rationale and protocol design for studies in women of African ancestry in resource limited settings.

Women of African ancestry are highly predisposed to preeclampsia which continues to be a major cause of maternal death in Africa. Common variants in the APOL1 gene are potent risk factor for a spectrum of kidney disease. Recent studies have shown that APOL1 risk variants contribute to the risk of preeclampsia. The aim of the study is to understand the contribution of APOL1 risk variants to the development of preeclampsia in pregnant women in Ghana. The study is a case-control design which started recruitment in 2019 at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study will recruit pregnant women with a target recruitment of 700 cases of preeclampsia and 700 normotensives. Clinical and demographic data of mother- baby dyad, with biospecimens including cord blood and placenta will be collected to assess clinical, biochemical and genetic markers of preeclampsia. The study protocol was approved by Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Institutional Review Board (Reference number: KBTH-IRB/000108/2018) on October 11, 2018. As of December 2021, a total of 773 mother-baby pairs had been recruited and majority of them had complete entry of data for analysis. The participants are made up of 384 preeclampsia cases and 389 normotensive mother-baby dyad. The mean age of participants is 30.69 ± 0.32 years for cases and 29.95 ± 0.32 for controls. Majority (85%) of the participants are between 20-30years. At booking, majority of cases had normal blood pressure compared to the time of diagnosis where 85% had a systolic BP greater than 140mmHg and a corresponding 82% had diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg. Our study will ultimately provide clinical, biochemical and genotypic data for risk stratification of preeclampsia and careful monitoring during pregnancy to improve clinical management and outcomes.

Risk Factors of Preeclampsia in Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi

Preeclampsia is the major cause of maternal-neonatal death, with an estimated incidence 2-8% of pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors that most influence the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in Jambi province. This study used an analytic observational method with a case-control study design. By using purposive sampling, 125 pregnant women with preeclampsia were found as a case group at Raden Mattaher Hospital and 125 normal pregnant women as a control group at Lambur Health Center. The results showed there was a significant difference between age (p-value 0.002), parity (p-value 0.073), gestational interval (p-value 0.0001), hypertension history (p-value 0.0001), Multiple Pregnancy (p-value 0.366), BMI (p-value 0.0001 ) and hemoglobin levels (p-value 0.003) with incidence of preeclampsia. Then multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin level (OR 23.5/CI 3.5-157.3), hypertension history (OR 13.2/CI 4.4- 39.5) and BMI (OR1 6.1 CI 2.5-15.3/ OR2 5.0 CI 2.1-12.0) are the most dominant risk factor that causes preeclampsia. The conclusion there are relationship between age, gestational age, hypertension history, BMI and hemoglobin levels with the incidence of preeclampsia

279. Maternal Infection by SARS CoV2 and Clinical Repercussion of the Newborn.

Abstract Background Pregnancy confers a higher risk of complications in SARS CoV2 disease as well as in the neonatal stage. Physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy predispose women to have complications in all the respiratory variations and increase maternal-fetal mortality and morbidity; The role of SARS CoV2 infection in newborns of mothers positive for COVID-19 was evaluated, analyzing the clinical consequences in the pregnant patient and the impact on the newborn. Methods Descriptive, observational, retrospective study. All pregnant patients with a positive PCR test for SARS CoV2 and newborns treated at the Spanish Hospital, in the period from March 2020 to March 2021, were included, the information provided was collected from the medical history. Results We recorded the cases of pregnant patients treated at the Spanish Hospital in the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The population was divided into those with a positive and negative PCR test for SARS Cov2. A total of 561 cases were registered, 35 positive cases for SARS Cov2; positive patients reported a higher presentation of Preeclampsia than patients without infection (p 0.009). The percentage of preterm products in mothers with infection was higher by 20% vs 12%; with the highest number of advanced neonatal resuscitation events. SARS Cov2 infection conditions the presentation of pathologies such as preeclampsia in pregnant women and an increase in preterm birth. Conclusion In this study we conclude, comparing with the group of healthy pregnant women with no history of COVID-19, that the products of mothers with a history of SARS CoV2 infection represent a higher risk of prematurity coupled with the risk of other pathologies such as preeclampsia, also in the period neonatal patients required greater support with oxygen, however the rate of severe complications in the newborn is unlikely. The role of maternal protection such as isolation, hygiene and vaccination measures are priority tools to reduce these perinatal pathologies and the risk of contagion. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Evaluation of Preeclampsia Risk in Gestational Weight Gain

Background: The incidence of obesity worldwide has increased over the last 20 years. The increase in obesity in maternal pregnancy is causing a major challenge to obstetrics practices. The aimed study was to evaluate gestational weight gain as a risk for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2756 pregnant women with gestational age≥37 weeks. The selection of women was categorized into two groups, 1528 normal-weight women with BMI less than 25kg/m2 and 1228 pregnant women with BMI over 25kg/m2. SPSS software version 26.0 was used to analyze data. Multivariate logistic regression described the relation of weight change to pregnancy course and outcomes. Results: A comparison between study groups appears an increase in antepartum complications in obese weight women. Besides that, arterial hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes were more frequent in obese weight women compared to normal-weight women obese women. The incidence of cesarean was highest in obese women statistically significant difference from normal women with a p-value &lt;0.005. In addition, maternal obese pregnancies were at twice the risk for delivery of infants who were macrosomia with higher odds (OR = 3.1, 95%CI = [1.09-5.8]). In perinatal outcomes, the difference in mean birth weight of the babies among normal and obese women was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: As we saw from the results of this study obesity during pregnancy was associated with pregnancy complications. To optimize all complications to maternal and fetus, weight gains during the pregnancy must be controlled and appropriate. Furthermore, studies are recommended to explore the maternal obesity complication and risk factors that influence obesity to minimize the adverse negative effect of this risk.

Homocysteine as a Predictor of Preeclampsia

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is a product of methionine metabolism, is related to preeclampsia in 20-30%, the increase of this or hyperhomocysteinemia may result from the genetic defect of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase involved in the synthesis of homocysteine. Maternal mortality due to preeclampsia is up to 44% and perinatal mortality is reported at up to 27.8%. The objective of this research was to determine homocysteine levels as a predictor of preeclampsia in pregnant women 12 to 20 weeks pregnant. This was an observational, longitudinal and prospective investigation. The study population were patients attending the first antenatal care consultation between 12 to 20ava. weeks, the sample was random that included 360 patients who determined serum homocysteine Sand excluded 48 patients whodid not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria; they found homogeneity among the patients, 270 patients (86.5%) had a normal evolutionary pregnancy, 27 patients (8.65%) had gestational hypertension, 9 (2.88%) mild preeclampsia and 6 patients (1.9%) severe preeclampsia, none developed HELLP syndrome. Increased homocysteine levels were found in 9 patients who were not related to hypertensive pregnancy disorders. In the present research, homocysteine was not shown to be a predictor of hypertensive disease in pregnancy.

Analysis of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women Reviewing from Vascular Disorders due to Endothelial Dysfunction

Preeclampsia is a multisythemic disorder in pregnancy. Some theories reveal that PE is a result of imuune and hormonal response disorders during pregnancy. In the preeclampsia there is a endothelial dysfunction in the controlling vascular function to respond to blood composition and function disorder as a physical barrier to the exchange of fluid, ion proteins and cells from the blood through the vasculer wall. In addition, there is a decrease in angiogenesis and vasodilatation of blood vessels in response to oxygen pressure and mechanical stress like shear stress. Analyzing the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in terms of vascular disorders doe to endothelial dysfunction. Design : observational, a cross sectional approach. Probability sampling using random sampling. Statistical analysis logistic regression. Data processing Hosmer and Lemeshow Test. Assumption of the amount of influence a summary model. PE incidence of pregnant woman 94 (6.15%), 53 people (56.4%) PE, 41 (43.6%) PEB.

Uric Acid Levels in Pregnant Women

Background: Preeclampsia in pregnant women can be detected by measuring uric acid levels in the blood. This can occur due to changes in the hemodynamic system and decreased glomerular filtration rate during pregnancy. Purposes: This study aims to determine the description of uric acid levels in pregnant women at Community Health Centers I, South Denpasar. Methods: This study uses a descriptive observational method from April to May 2022, with 31 respondents obtained by non-probability sampling technique. Uric acid levels were measured by the Point of Care Testing (POCT) method. Results: The results showed 23 pregnant women (74.2%) with normal uric acid levels and eight pregnant women (25.8%) with high uric acid levels. Conclusion: High uric acid levels are most suffered by pregnant women aged 30 years (16.1%), most commonly found in the third trimester of pregnancy (16.1%), most pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) more and obesity (9.7%), and pregnant women with normal blood pressure (22.6%).

Determinan Insiden Preeklamsia pada Ibu Primigravida

Background: Preeclampsia is a complication in pregnancy that has three main symptoms, namely gestational hypertension &gt; 140/90 mmHg, edema, and protein in the urine &gt; 3 grams and often occurs during pregnancy, childbirth and even in postpartum women. In the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the MMR target is 70 per 100,000 live births in 2030. The problem of this research is the factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. This study aims to determine the factors that cause the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Method : used in this study is a literature review by analyzing a number of specified articles. In this study, 10 articles were used on preeclampsia and pregnancy. Results : from of the literature review analysis, it was concluded that there are many factors that cause preeclampsia in pregnant women, namely age, parity, primigravida and multiparous pregnancies, obesity, BMI, history of PEB and hypertension, and irregular ANC visits. influence the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Conclusion: With this factor, it is expected to be a screening in handling cases of preeclampsia in the field and improving maternal health in reducing MMR in Indonesian.

Перспективи використання sFlt-1, PlGF як біомаркерів прееклампсії, що приєдналася до хронічної гіпертензії

Chronic hypertension during pregnancy has recently shown a significant increase, which is most likely due to the growth in the number of first pregnancies in women of late reproductive age, with chronic hypertension, obesity and other extragenital diseases, as well as an increase in the number of pregnancies as a result of in vitro fertilization. Preeclampsia complicates chronic hypertension in 20-40% of cases, more often associated with early onset (before 34 weeks) and leads to an increase in complications in the mother, fetus and newborn. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that make it possible to predict the development of superimposed preeclampsia, but their search is underway. In the general obstetric population, the use of PlGF and sFlt-1 tests has shown to be promising for predicting preeclampsia in women with singleton pregnancies. PlGF and sFlt-1 based tests have begun to appear in clinical guidelines in addition to regular clinical and laboratory testing. But data on the effectiveness of these tests for predicting preeclampsia in groups of pregnant women with chronic diseases, including those with chronic hypertension, is still being collected. Purpose - to evaluate the prospects of using angiogenic factors as biomarkers of superimposed preeclampsia; search for publications in electronic databases (Medline, Embase) from the earliest to January 2023. Conclusions. Changes in angiogenesis markers may indicate the start preeclampsia in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. The values of angiogenesis markers in pregnant women with preeclampsia on the background of chronic hypertension may differ from those in pregnant women with preeclampsia, but without concomitant diseases. In addition, abnormalities in values of angiogenic markers in pregnant women with chronic hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women may occur without the addition of preeclampsia. The reason may be the effect of chronic hypertension on the development and functioning of the placenta or an altered response of the endothelium to angiogenesis factors. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.