Predominant Strategies Research Articles

Does coal mining affect household food security? An empirical study of Dhanbad, India

BackgroundMining industries have enormous potential to improve food shortage by providing employment opportunities in its mining vicinity. But, simultaneously, these areas also suffer from ‘resource curse’ due to detrimental effects of mining. Hence, this study examined the effects of coal mining on household food availability and food access among proximate population residing in resource-rich but economically backward mining region of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. The primary data was collected from two compare groups, viz. households from exposed versus non-exposed villages of mining effect under the cross-sectional research design using structured questionnaire between September, 2014, and February, 2015. Both bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to assess the study objectives.ResultsFinding shows that households from non-mines affected villages were at 40% higher risk of food shortage than household from mines affected villages. Furthermore, odds ratio shows that rise in percentage of expenditure on food also increases the food shortage vulnerability. Female-headed households, below poverty line households and MNREGA card holders households were significantly positively related to food shortage. In contrast, households with membership of any socio-political organization and more than 2 acres of farmland were significant negatively associated with food shortage. Procurement of food on credit from ration shops was found to be a predominant strategies to cope with food shortage, followed by borrowing food from neighbours and relatives.ConclusionIn nutshell, the study shows that households from non-mines affected villages were at high risk of food shortage. However, percentage expenditure on food indicator reveals that household from mines affected villages was comparatively more vulnerable to food shortage than its counterpart. The membership of any socio-political organization emerges as a main factor which reduces the risk of food shortage.

Strategies used to cope with stress by emergency and critical care nurses.

developing coping strategies to use in stressful situations is an essential nursing skill. Prolonged and constant stress is harmful to nurses' health and leads to organisational inefficiency, high staff turnover and decreased job satisfaction. to identify nurses' stress coping strategies and determine the relationship between coping strategies and sociodemographic factors. a descriptive cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was undertaken at an emergency department and critical care units at the largest referral hospital in Brunei. problem-solving and positive reappraisal were the predominant positive coping strategies identified. Those working in medical intensive care employed escape-avoidance behaviours more frequently. Married participants exhibited higher levels of confrontative coping behaviours. to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine job-stress coping strategies among nurses in Brunei. The authors examined the different strategies and the poor health outcomes associated with using negative coping styles. Future stress management interventions should target staff who employ negative coping strategies to promote positive strategies, enabling them to provide better quality care.

Online hate propaganda during election period: The case of Macedonia

Abstract The paper offers a critical discursive and pragmatic analysis of a corpus of hateful Facebook and Twitters status updates of politicians, political activists and voters in the 2016 pre-and-post election period, in Macedonia. Aiming to determine how power is exerted on social media, the paper focuses on identifying the stance social media users take when posting messages with political content. The analysis first attempted to unveil what speech acts the hateful posts are predominantly composed of (e.g. assertive, directives, expressives), what roles the authors of the posts normally assume, who the hateful political discourse in the given socio-political context is directed to, as well as what are some of the predominant linguistic strategies underlying the analysed hateful comments. The results show that, by using mostly assertive and expressive speech acts, social media users assume mainly the roles of analysts and judges and only subsequently the one of activists, they mostly address politicians directly and they use a lot of negative lexis, rhetorical figures and boosters as interpersonal metadiscourse markers to express their negative stance and exert power and dominance.

Costs of an Aedes aegypti vector control program in municipalities in Colombia: a case study in Girón and Guadalajara de Buga, 2016

The aim of this study was to measure the costs of vector-borne disease control programs at the local level in Colombia (2016). A cost analysis was performed for this purpose from the policymaker's perspective in the municipalities (counties) of Girón and Guadalajara de Buga, specifically for the Aedes aegypti control program, the principal mosquito vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The analysis involved the quantification of all the costs required for each of the prevention and control strategies in vector-borne diseases. The costs were classified as operating and capital costs, and for purposes of comparison the costs were also calculated per case and per capita. The programs' total estimated costs were USD 146,651 in Girón and USD 97,936 in Guadalajara de Buga. Per capita cost was USD 0.88 in Girón and USD 0.99 in Guadalajara de Buga. In general, the predominant cost strategies were chemical spraying of adult mosquitos, accounting for 26% of the total costs in Girón and 47% in Guadalajara de Buga, with personnel representing 40% of the total costs for this strategy in Girón and 66% of the operating costs in Guadalajara de Buga.

Exploring the Dynamics of E-waste Disposal Strategies in Tamale, Ghana

Globalised inter-connected world; changing patterns of world standards and norms; and the emergence of consumerism have all drastically shaped the generation and management of e-waste. Cities in developing countries are grappling with developing sustainable strategies to dealing with e-waste and therefore households are compelled to fashion their own disposal strategies. This article examined some of these disposal strategies and the factors that influenced their adoption in Tamale, a growing city in northern Ghana. Data for the study were collected using different techniques including questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. The predominant disposal strategies that emerged were selling e-waste as scrap; donating to other people as gifts; selling as second hand product; disposing with other domestic wastes or combination of any of the strategies. These informal management strategies were influenced by respondents’ age, education level and income. It is recommended that the observed disposal strategies can be articulated in Ghana’s search for definitive e-waste management policies that are environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable.Keyword: E-waste, Disposal strategy, Ghana, Recycling, Legislations

Phenomenological-narrative contributions to understand the narrative strategies that shape the autobiographical account throughout different moments of the therapeutic process.

Different studies suggest that the strategies and narrative styles that people use to construct their autobiographical accounts have repercussions on their self-organization, as well as on their identity experience and their conception of the world. Empirical evidence supports changes in different aspects related to process, structure, and content in the narrative of clients during the course of the therapeutic process; these, in turn, seem to condition the course and the results of the process. In this paper we will seek to show, based on a case study and through the application of a method of phenomenological-narrative analysis, what are the predominant narrative strategies that a client uses in order to shape her autobiographical narrative in the initial and final moments of her psychotherapeutic process. Our data suggest that the narrative strategies at the beginning and end of the therapy are qualitatively differentiable. Changes are observed in the plot of the respective accounts, as well as a differentiated mode in the use of narrative functions. More specifically toward the end of psychotherapy, the client makes a deeper characterization of herself and others, based on predicates of a subjectivating, interpretive, and evaluative-reflective kind. She also predominantly uses proconcluding metacomments, which could facilitate the integration of problematic experiences. In summary, our data suggest that after a successful therapeutic process the client uses more complex and integrated narrative strategies for the construction of her autobiographical account.

Diversity and functional traits of spontaneous plant species in Algerian rangelands rehabilitated with prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus - indica L.) plantations

The prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) is a xerophytic cactus species widely cultivated in arid and semiarid regions worldwide and used in rehabilitation programs of rangelands in Algeria since 1990. This study analyzed the diversity and functional traits of plant species established in prickly pear plantations growing under arid and semiarid climates. A 3-year plant assessment (2008-2010) was carried out using ecological descriptors (abundance, species richness, diversity indices, disturbance index, and Jaccard index) and plant functional traits (life forms, chorological types, dispersal types, Grime's, Noy-Meir's strategies, and morphological types). The results revealed 36 and 31 species in arid and semiarid rangelands, respectively, with remarkable dominance of therophytic (43.2%) and hemicryptophytic plants (41.1%) growing in the semiarid climatic zone. The Shannon and diversity index showed low values (0.93-1.84 in surveyed rangelands) with a maximum of 2.74 in 2009. The disturbance index ranged between 51% and 55% and the dispersion scheme of diaspores was dominated by anemochorous plants. The chorological analysis indicated that the study plants were oriented towards a Mediterranean pattern in the broad sense. The predominant adaptive strategies of Grime were ruderal-stresstolerant (RS), competitive-stress-tolerant (CS) and competitive-ruderals (CR), which were attached to the two strategies of Noy-Meir (aridopassives and aridoactives).

Przekład jako transfer międzykulturowy a role tłumacza

Translation as an Intercultural Transfer – the Translator’s Roles In the process of translation, especially in intercultural translation, the translator exercises different functions. Some of them are permanent, while others change depending on the type of text, recipients’ expectations or predominant strategies. The purpose of this paper is to separate, divide and describe the roles played by the translator in the process of translating texts which contain elements of foreign cultures. The awareness of the complexity of the functions exercised by the translator and of the consequences of their decisions should help translators in choosing the most advantageous translation strategies which will allow them to show the readers all the cultural richness of the original.

Improving Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is It Time for Something New?

* Abbreviations: ASD — : autism spectrum disorder ASQ — : Ages and Stages Questionnaire EAS — : Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey MCHAT — : Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers MCHAT-R — : Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised USPSTF — : United States Preventive Services Task Force Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be reliably detected by age 2, the average age of diagnosis ranges from age 4 to 6, depending on the population.1 Because earlier access to treatment is thought to improve outcomes,2 delays in diagnosis may lead to avoidable morbidity. In an effort to lower the average age of diagnosis, considerable efforts are being made to promote early ASD screening.3–5 Two predominant strategies exist: broad-based developmental surveillance and targeted ASD screening.6,7 Although there are data to support each strategy, targeted ASD screening has recently gained popularity. The American Academy of Pediatrics, for example, recommends all children receive an ASD-specific screener at their 18- and 24-month well-child visit, and it proactively supports these guidelines with resources and trainings.3 A number of studies support ASD-specific screeners (the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers [MCHAT] and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised [MCHAT-R]) for detecting early ASD … Address correspondence to Sarabeth Broder-Fingert, MD, MPH, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 850 Harrison Ave, Room 310A, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail: sarabeth.broder-fingert{at}bmc.org

Beyond notification: Filling gaps in peer production projects

In order to counter systemic bias in peer production projects like Wikipedia, a variety of strategies have been used to fill gaps and improve the completeness of the archive. We test a number of these strategies in a project aimed at improving articles relating to South Africa’s primary school curriculum and find that many of the predominant strategies are insufficient for filling Wikipedia’s gaps. Notifications that alert users to the existence of gaps including incomplete or missing articles, in particular, are found to be ineffective at improving articles. Only through the process of trust-building and the development of negotiated boundary objects, potential allies (institutional academics in this case) can be enrolled in the task of editing the encyclopaedia. Rather than a simple process of enrolment via notification, this project demonstrated the principles of negotiation required for engaging with new editor groups in the long-term project of filling Wikipedia’s gaps

A study investigating the factors influencing predominant teaching strategies used in American curriculum schools in the United Arab Emirates

There has been a great emphasis on the relationship between teaching strategies and curriculum implementation processes where teachers are the actual implementers of the curriculum. Thus, their choices of the suitable teaching strategies represent the quality of teaching offered to learners. The purpose of the study is to investigate the predominant teaching strategies used by science, mathematics, and technology (SMT)-teachers in US curriculum schools in UAE and to identify the most effective factors that influence their way to select these SMT-teaching strategies. A mixed method approach is adopted to fulfil the purpose of the study by conducting an online questionnaire for teachers and a face-to-face interview with the schools' academic supervisors. The results revealed that teachers in UAE are recently applying what is called 'engaging lectures' where both traditional and innovative teaching strategies are combined. Additionally, the main factors that drive teachers to select their teaching strategies are identified.

What Have We Learned from Expedition III and EPOCH Trials? Perspective of the CTAD Task Force.

Although the results were disappointing from two recent clinical trials of amyloid-targeting drugs in mild-to-moderate AD, the trials provided information that will be important for future studies, according to the EU-US CTAD Task Force, which met in November 2017 to discuss the EXPEDITION3 and EPOCH trials. These trials tested two of the predominant drug development strategies for AD: amyloid immunotherapy and BACE inhibition in populations largely composed of mild AD dementia patients. The results of these trials support the emerging consensus that effective amyloid-targeted treatment will require intervention in early, even pre-symptomatic stages of the disease. Further, the Task Force suggested that a refinement of the amyloid hypothesis may be needed and that other hypotheses should be more fully explored. In addition, they called for improved biomarkers and other outcome assessments to detect the earliest changes in the development of AD.

Hydrogel Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications: An Updated Review.

Biosensors that detect and convert biological reactions to a measurable signal have gained much attention in recent years. Between 1950 and 2017, more than 150,000 papers have been published addressing the applications of biosensors in different industries, but to the best of our knowledge and through careful screening, critical reviews that describe hydrogel based biosensors for biomedical applications are rare. This review discusses the biomedical application of hydrogel based biosensors, based on a search performed through Web of Science Core, PubMed (NLM), and Science Direct online databases for the years 2000–2017. In this review, we consider bioreceptors to be immobilized on hydrogel based biosensors, their advantages and disadvantages, and immobilization techniques. We identify the hydrogels that are most favored for this type of biosensor, as well as the predominant transduction strategies. We explain biomedical applications of hydrogel based biosensors including cell metabolite and pathogen detection, tissue engineering, wound healing, and cancer monitoring, and strategies for small biomolecules such as glucose, lactate, urea, and cholesterol detection are identified.

Antithrombotic treatment during coronary angioplasty after failed thrombolysis: strategies and prognostic implications. Results of the RESPIRE registry

BackgroundThrombolysis is still used when primary angioplasty is delayed for a long time, but 25%–30% of patients require rescue angioplasty (RA). There are no established recommendations for antithrombotic management in RA. This registry analyzes regimens for antithrombotic management.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter, observational registry of consecutive patients treated with RA at 8 hospitals. All variables were collected and follow-up took place at 6 months.ResultsThe study included 417 patients. Antithrombotic therapy in RA was: no additional drugs 22.3%, unfractionated heparin (UFH) 36.6%, abciximab 15.5%, abciximab plus UFH 10.5%, bivalirudin 5.7%, enoxaparin 4.3%, and others 4.7%. Outcomes at 6 months were: mortality 9.1%, infarction 3.3%, definite or probable stent thrombosis 4.3%, revascularization 1.9%, and stroke 0.5%. Mortality was related to cardiogenic shock, age > 75 years, and anterior location. The stent thrombosis rate was highest with bivalirudin (12.5% at 6 months). The incidence of bleeding at admission was high (14.8%), but most cases were not severe (82% BARC ≤2). Variables independently associated with bleeding were: femoral access (OR 3.30; 95% CI 1.3–8.3: p = 0.004) and post-RA abciximab infusion (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.02–5: p = 0.04).ConclusionsAntithrombotic treatment regimens in RA vary greatly, predominant strategies consisting of no additional drugs or UFH 70 U/kg. No regimen proved predictive of mortality, but bivalirudin was related to more stent thrombosis. There was a high incidence of bleeding, associated with post-RA abciximab infusion and femoral access.

Sustainable characteristics and port competitive reflections: a case study in the Ponta do Felix port terminal

The present study aimed to analyze how sustainable actions are related to the competitive port, with the best market positioning and respective regional socio-environmental development, still incipient research in the national scope. To achieve this objective, a methodological framework was adopted with the application of semi-structured interviews with the directors of the Ponta do Félix Port Terminal, whose analytical categories focus on John Elkington's three pillars of sustainability, as well as Strategies Competitive Generics, by Michael Porter. From the content analysis, following the guidelines of Bardin, two predominant strategies were verified: (i) Differentiation, considering that the service rendering is considered unique and differentiated in operations and quality; And (ii) Approach, which characterizes a service aimed at customers who work with special products, demanding strict environmental demands. This study confirms, starting from the "Porter Hypothesis", the relationship between sustainability and competitiveness in a company, stimulating innovation and cost reduction, thus obtaining a competitive advantage due to the adjustments to environmental regulations. The study brings practical contributions to managers of the port segment about the organizational competitiveness linked to environmental quality standards, such propositions can guide the concentration of new positions under the sustainable port perspective as a business strategy. In addition, from this study also emerge contributions to the scientific community regarding the filling of the literature gap in the area in question.

Logos, Pathos, Ethos, Caninus: Rhetorical Strategies in Steinbeck/Steinbeckian Dog/Travel Memoir

Abstract Drawing on the traditional Aristotelian rhetorical appeals of logos, pathos, and ethos, this article examines John Steinbeck's Travels with Charley in Search of America along with selected subsequent memoir/travel writing inspired by the 1962 best seller. The predominant argumentative strategies implemented in Steinbeck's Travels with Charley, Benoit Denizet-Lewis's Travels with Casey, Bill Steigerwald's Dogging Steinbeck, and Gregory Zeigler's Travels with Max will be identified and assessed from the standpoints of overall execution and potential for reader acceptance.

Production chain of artisanal sugar cane spirit in Paraná State: A Porter taxonomy application / Cadeia produtiva de aguardente artesanal no litoral do Paraná: Uma aplicação da taxonomia de Porter

The spirit produced in Parana Coast has relevant recognition in the world scenario since the period of the Portuguese colony. Although it is important, information on this productive chain is little or scarce. In this context and in order to promote the analysis of the production and the trade of this beverage on the Porter taxonomy approach, it was carried out between August and November 2016, a descriptive exploratory study with six managers of alembic places. It was observed that the production of artisanal sugar cane spirit is characterized by the use of its own raw material and a system of spirit production that aims the production of nobler drinks in order to facilitate market insertion. The strategies adopted by the companies and that generated competitive advantage over their competitors, were the quality of the drink and the marketing system, directly to the consumer. The main implications of the activity are the excessive demands of the supervisory institutions and the high taxation practiced by the government. The perspectives of sector on entrepreneurs' view is that the segment has a favorable growth trend, due to the enduring competitive advantages that these industries have in relation to the current market, and by the perspective of growing the artisanal beverage in the Brazilian and world market. Regarding the Porter taxonomy, the predominant strategies among managers were leadership in total cost (n = 50%) and focus (n = 35%).

Tried in the Court of Public Opinion

This study expands the empirical study of Benoit’s image repair theory by serving two purposes using a sports context. First, this study will specifically examine criminal transgressions by comparing the effectiveness of image repair attempts by athletes facing domestic violence charges compared to other crimes. Second, this study will look at the effectiveness of using the mortification (apology) strategy in combination with other predominant strategies used by athletes in order to repair one’s image. Using a 3 × 8 factorial experiment involving 490 participants, results showed that athletes facing domestic violence charges are perceived more negatively regardless of their response to the transgression. In addition, results also showed that using mortification in combination with corrective action is the best response for athletes, regardless of the crime. Finally, using the mortification strategy in combination with other strategies is more effective to repair an athlete’s image, suggesting that it may be better to use combination strategies to respond to transgressions.

Integrating neurobiology of emotion regulation and trauma therapy: reflections on EMDR therapy.

Emotion dysregulation is a frequent feature in trauma-related disorders. Different kinds of emotion dysregulation seem to be linked to particular psychiatric conditions, and there is growing evidence of the association between neurobiological correlates and those dysregulation patterns. Nevertheless, many of the recent findings from the field of the neurobiology have not been translated into clinical practice and are insufficiently contemplated in trauma-oriented therapies. The aim of this article is to review recent developments in the field of emotion regulation connecting these issue with the practical implementation of psychotherapeutic procedures. The evaluation of emotion dysregulation patterns can guide decision making during the therapy independently to the approach, but there are some findings that can be especially useful for some concrete modalities of therapy. In this article we will focus our discussion on how emotion dysregulation may influence eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in trauma-related disorders. EMDR is a well-defined and protocol-based intervention, with a strong empirical support for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We describe how different patterns of emotion dysregulation may influence EMDR treatment and procedures, and also how the application of EMDR beyond non-dissociative PTSD should take into account the predominant emotion-regulation strategies in specific posttraumatic disorders.

Synthesis of substituted benzofurans and indoles by Zn-catalyzed tandem Sonogashira-cyclization strategy

Transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are one of the predominant strategies for the construction of heterocyclic structures which possess wide applications in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, polymers, etc. Due to the vast importance of substituted benzofurans and indoles, numerous synthetic methodologies have been introduced for their synthesis. Among these methods, transition metal catalyzed cyclization reactions possess a unique position. In this manuscript, we disclose the first and efficient zinc-catalyzed protocol for the cyclization reactions of alkynes with 2-iodophenol and 2-iodoaniline leading to benzofurans and indoles respectively via a tandem Sonogashira coupling-cyclization process. Among the different metal catalysts, zinc has enormous potential due to its great availability, non-toxicity, eco-friendly and inexpensive nature.Zn(II) with N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine represents a suitable and efficient catalytic system for the desired tandem CC coupling-cyclization reactions, and a broad spectrum of functional groups are tolerated during the catalysis. A variety of substituted benzofurans and indoles have been successfully prepared in moderate to good yields under this new protocol.