Predominant Group Research Articles

Correlation of Human Papillomavirus types with the level of damage in women attended in a private laboratory

Introduction: the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus capable of promoting various types of skin and mucosal lesions, which can be malignant or benign. Some of them can cause genital warts, and others can reach the cervix and cause a Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (CIN) that can progress to a more advanced stage, which is cancer. The sexually active population is more likely to come into contact with the virus at some point in life, and as a result, the human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. Objective: to evaluate the incidence of HPV in women attended at a private laboratory in Fortaleza/CE. Method: this was a quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive research, using data from the patients' medical records. Results: after analyzing the patient’s medical records, it was observed that the predominant age group in this study was concentrated between 16 and 34 years old. Furthermore, it was evident that the vast majority of women obtained positive results for HPV, and they arrived with observations in the search for screening. Furthermore, the most prevalent intraepithelial lesions were LSIL and ASC-US. Conclusion: HPV was more associated with young women, and screening is of paramount importance since HPV is asymptomatic, and this factor can lead to women's erroneous thinking that without evident symptoms there is no lesion.

Chromosome-level reference genome of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) provides insights into genomic evolution and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids.

Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly (2.19Gb) and annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, a perennial herbaceous liana native to subtropical China with diverse medicinal applications. Approximately 73% of the genome was comprised of transposable elements (TEs), of which long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) were a predominant group (69% of the genome). The genome size increase of T. hemsleyanum (relative to Vitis species) was mostly due to the proliferation of LTR-RTs. Of the different modes of gene duplication identified, transposed duplication (TRD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were the predominant ones. Genes, particularly those involved in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) pathway and those associated with therapeutic properties and environmental stress resistance, were significantly amplified through recent tandem duplications. We dated the divergence of two intraspecific lineages in Southwest (SW) versus Central-South-East (CSE) China to the late Miocene (approximately5.2million years ago). Of those, the former showed more upregulated genes and metabolites. Based on resequencing data of 38 individuals representing both lineages, we identified various candidate genes related to 'response to stimulus' and 'biosynthetic process', including ThFLS11, which is putatively involved in flavonoid accumulation. Overall, this study provides abundant genomic resources for future evolutionary, ecological, and functional genomics studies in T. hemsleyanum and related species.

An advanced sequence clustering and designation workflow reveals the enzootic maintenance of a dominant West Nile virus subclade in Germany.

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread arthropod-borne (arbo) virus and the primary cause of arboviral encephalitis globally. Members of WNV species genetically diverged and are classified into different hierarchical groups below species rank. However, the demarcation criteria for allocating WNV sequences into these groups remain individual and inconsistent, and the use of names for different levels of the hierarchical levels is unstructured. In order to have an objective and comprehensible grouping of WNV sequences, we developed an advanced grouping workflow using the 'affinity propagation clustering' algorithm and newly included the 'agglomerative hierarchical clustering' algorithm for the allocation of WNV sequences into different groups below species rank. In addition, we propose to use a fixed set of terms for the hierarchical naming of WNV below species level and a clear decimal numbering system to label the determined groups. For validation, we applied the refined workflow to WNV sequences that have been previously grouped into various lineages, clades, and clusters in other studies. Although our workflow regrouped some WNV sequences, overall, it generally corresponds with previous groupings. We employed our novel approach to the sequences from the WNV circulation in Germany 2020, primarily from WNV-infected birds and horses. Besides two newly defined minor (sub)clusters comprising only three sequences each, Subcluster 2.5.3.4.3c was the predominant WNV sequence group detected in Germany from 2018 to 2020. This predominant subcluster was also associated with at least five human WNV infections in 2019-20. In summary, our analyses imply that the genetic diversity of the WNV population in Germany is shaped by enzootic maintenance of the dominant WNV subcluster accompanied by sporadic incursions of other rare clusters and subclusters. Moreover, we show that our refined approach for sequence grouping yields meaningful results. Although we primarily aimed at a more detailed WNV classification, the presented workflow can also be applied to the objective genotyping of other virus species.

Neonatal Bacteraemia and Antibiotic Resistance at the Angre University Hospital, Abidjan, 2020

Background: Multi-drug resistant bacteria are an increasingly important cause of neonatal sepsis. Nowadays, they are a great concern in neonates because few therapeutic options are available. Aim: To determine the bacteria responsible of neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in order to improve the quality of antibiotic prescription. Methods: A retrospective data review on positive blood cultures from the neonatal department at the university hospital of Angre between January to December 2020 was conducted. All neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis with positive blood cultures were identified. Patient demographics, clinical details, and laboratory data were recorded and analyzed by Epi info software version 7.2.5.0 Results: Out of 221 blood cultures samples, 82 were positive (37%). The predominant age group was that between day 0 and day 7. A preponderance of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus (48.78%) compared to enterobacteria (43.90%) was observed. The main isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.83%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.51%). Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated in 2 cases (2.44%). Among the Enterobacteriaceae strains, 80.56% produced an Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL). The rate of methicillin-resistant was observed in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus in 37.50% and 31.25% of cases respectively. Out of ESBL strains, 89.65% were multi-resistant. Of the 14 strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, 13 (92.86%) were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common causes of neonatal sepsis. The high rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria resistant represents a great threat to neonatal survival and warrants modification of existing empirical therapy.

A review on the ecotoxicity of macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles on aquatic organisms

Despite its wide production and several applications, veterinary antiparasitics from macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazole classes have not received much scientific attention concerning their environmental risks. Thus, we aimed to provide insights into the state of the environmental research on macrocyclic lactone and benzimidazole parasiticides, emphasizing their toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms. We searched for relevant information on these pharmaceutical classes on PubMed and Web of Science. Our search yielded a total of 45 research articles. Most articles corresponded to toxicity testing (n = 29), followed by environmental fate (n = 14) and other issues (n = 2) of selected parasiticides. Macrocyclic lactones were the most studied chemical group (65% of studies). Studies were conducted mainly with invertebrate taxa (70%), with crustaceansbeing the most predominant group (n = 27; 51%). Daphnia magna was the most used species (n = 8; 15%). Besides, it also proved to be the most sensitive organism, yielding the lowest toxicity measure (EC50 0.25μg/L for decreased mobility after 48h-abamectin exposure) reported. Moreover, most studies were performed in laboratory settings, tracking a limited number of endpoints (acute mortality, immobility, and community disturbance). We posit that macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles warrant coordinated action to understand their environmental risks.

Study on Lowering the Group 1 Protease Allergens from House Dust Mites by Exposing to Todomatsu Oil Atmosphere

Group 1 protease allergens that persist in fecal particles from house dust mites (HDM) are the prevalent indoor aeroallergens and the primary triggers of dust mite allergy. Consequently, it is vital to discover a secure, efficient, affordable, and eco-friendly inhibitor to restrain these allergens. Herein, an assessment on the suppression of allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 (predominant Group 1 allergens) with todomatsu oil derived from the remnants of Abies sachalinensis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and molecular docking analysis in silico. The results demonstrated that todomatsu oil effectively suppresses allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 by lowering their allergen contents, and the decline rate rises with increasing todomatsu oil concentration. The formation of alkyl hydrophobic interactions, pi-sigma bonds, and hydrogen bonds have been observed between oil ingredients and allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1. Intriguingly, the majority of oil ingredients prefer to dock on hydrophobic amino acids. Additionally, oil ingredients docked to the cysteine protease site on Der f 1 or IgG epitope on Der p 1 were discovered. Notably, the binding affinity (BA) score and inhibition constant (Ki) revealed that bornyl acetate, the component with the maximum relative proportion in todomatsu oil, is included in the top five ingredients with the best inhibition effectiveness. As a result, todomatsu oil has been identified as an efficient inhibitor against Group 1 HDM allergens and a viable measure to improve indoor air quality.

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Microbiological Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Sous-Vide-Cooked Cod

High hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a promising method to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide foods. Monitoring the composition and behavior of the microbial communities in foods is of most importance for the production of high-quality and safe products. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides advanced approaches to determine food's microbial community composition and structure. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of different HP treatments on the microbial load and bacterial diversity of sous-vide Atlantic cod. Sous-vide cooking at 57.1 °C for 30 min followed by HP treatment at 500 MPa for 8 min reduced viable cell counts (total aerobic mesophiles) in the cod samples below detectable levels for 45 days of storage under refrigeration. In a second trial with cod cooked sous-vide at 52 °C for 20 min followed by HP treatments at 300 or 600 MPa (with HP treatment temperatures of 22 °C or 50 °C for 4 or 8 min, depending on treatment), only the treatments at 600 MPa delayed bacterial growth for at least 30 days under refrigeration. The optimal HP conditions to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide cod cooked at low temperatures were obtained at 600 MPa for 4 min at a pressurization temperature of 50 °C. Bacterial diversity was studied in cod cooked sous-vide at 52 °C for 20 min by HTS. In the absence of HP treatment, Proteobacteria was the main bacterial group. A succession of Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas) and Enterobacteriaceae was observed during storage. Firmicutes had low relative abundances and were represented mainly by Anoxybacillus (early storage) and Carnobacterium (late storage). The HP-treated sous-vide cod showed the greatest differences from controls during late storage, with Aerococcus and Enterococcus as predominant groups (depending on the HP conditions). The application of HTS provided new insights on the diversity and dynamics of the bacterial communities of sous-vide cod, revealing the presence of bacterial genera not previously described in this food, such as Anoxybacillus. The significance of Anoxybacillus as a contaminant of seafoods should be further investigated.

Uterine and Tubal Findings of Infertile Women in the Reproductive Age Group

Infertility affects approximately 10% of the world’s population and has been termed the 5th highest serious global disability by the World Health Organization WHO, (2018). It is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse of at least thrice a week or after an achieved pregnancy. Fertility declines with age in both men and women, but the effects of age are greatly pronounced in women due to multifactorial causes in women. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes and is regarded as the gold standard for assessing the fallopian tubes, providing accurate information on their patency and shape. Limitations to hysterosalpingography are seen in identifying uterine factors affecting fertility in most findings. Other radiographic examinations such as the ultrasound scans should be used alongside in evaluating findings of infertility as it gives precise description of the outline of the uterus and can capture intramural myoma which isn't easily seen on hysterosalpingogram scans hence the importance of combining these radiographic evaluations. The result showed that the commonest pathological tubal finding on infertility using Hysterosalpingography evaluations is Bilateral Tubal Occlusion (27.8%) while the commonest pathological uterine findings seen using ultrasound evaluation is Uterine Myoma (24.1%). Predominant age group was 32-37 years. This also showed that there is positive correlation between Age and Infertility type.

Association between hearing sensitivity and dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease.

In a previous study, we observed: (i) significant hearing function impairment, assessed with pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, in patients with Parkinson's disease, compared with a matched control group, and (ii) lateralization of the hearing dysfunction, worse on the side affected by more pronounced Parkinson's disease motor symptoms. This study investigates the association between the basal ganglia dopamine transporter availability and the hearing function in Parkinson's disease patients, focusing also on the lateralization of both dysfunctions, with respect to that of the motor symptoms, and introducing a further distinction between patients with left-sided and right-sided predominant motor symptoms. Patients with right-handed Parkinson's disease with a recent estimation of 123I-FP-CIT striatal uptake were audiologically tested with pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. A statistically significant association was found, in the left-side predominant group only, between the distortion product otoacoustic emission levels and the contralateral dopamine transporter availability, and between the hearing threshold and the dopamine transporter availability difference between the ipsi- and the contralateral sides. The hearing impairment lateralization correlated to the motor symptom asymmetry was found significant only in the left-side predominant patients. The association between hearing function and basal ganglia dopamine transporter availability supports the hypothesis that the peripheral hearing function decline associated with dopamine depletion is involved in Parkinson's disease development, with a significant difference between patients with left- and right-sided predominant motor symptoms. These findings also suggest that peripheral hearing function evaluation and its lateralization could be key elements for subtyping the disease.

Genitourinary toxicity after pelvic radiation: Prospective review of complex urological presentations

ObjectiveRecent randomised controlled trials underestimated the incidence of genitourinary (GU) complications occurring more than 5 years following pelvic radiotherapy. This study aimed to determine the burden of treatment at a single institution from late GU complications after pelvic radiotherapy. MethodsA prospective study of all presentations for GU complications following pelvic radiotherapy at a tertiary urology department between November 2018 and November 2019 was performed. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with late toxicity to compare patient demographics, radiotherapy, complications, and management factors. ResultsThere were 117 hospital encounters involving 46 patients with a 56.4% repeat encounter rate. Patients with PCa were the predominant group (n=39, 84.8%). External beam radiotherapy was the most common treatment modality (n=41, 89.1%). The median time from radiotherapy to encounter was 8 (range 0–23) years. Radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis was the most common presentation (n=70, 59.8%). Forty-four (42.7%) encounters for GU toxicity were managed operatively and 33 (32.0%) involved a non-operative procedure. Nine patients required packed red cell transfusion, with a total of 154 units transfused. Patients with PCa who presented with late GU toxicity had higher median Radiotherapy Oncology Group grades (p=0.020), proportion of emergency admissions (p=0.047), and frequency of clot urinary retention (p<0.001). ConclusionThere is a high burden of elective and emergency urology workload attributed to late pelvic radiation toxicity. Late GU toxicity occurring ≥5 years after radiotherapy is common and often more severe.

An update on current understanding of the epidemiology and management of the re-emerging endemic Lassa fever outbreaks

An update on current understanding of the epidemiology and management of the re-emerging endemic Lassa fever outbreaks

Identification of Virulence Markers and Phylogenetic Groups' Association, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates.

Urinary tract infections represent a world public health problem, which is caused mainly by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Although they are originally found in the intestinal microbiota in the majority of the cases, urinary tract infections can also be caused by intra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. The main objective of our research is to identify the virulence factors generally associated with different pathotypes across phylogenetic groups. E. coli were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, virulence genes and phylogroups were prospected. The data analysis were performed using the chi-square and Fisher exact test. In total, 72.2% of isolates showed multidrug resistant. We have also depicted an important association between E. coli from inpatients with UTIs and pap and hlyA genes (p-0.041 and p-0.019 respectively). The predominant phylogenetic group in our isolates is B2 (45.4%) followed by D (12.4%). Our results showed that 9.3% of isolates have an unknown phylogroup which shows a significant association with astA gene (p-0.008). We have as well found a significant association between B2 and three virulence genes namely pap, hlyA and invE (p-0.002, p-0.001, p-0.025 respectively); B1 and pap, hlyA genes (p-0.049 and p-0.021 respectively); E and afa gene (p-0.024). Certain virulence factors have been shown to be potential targets for drug design and therapeutic pathways in order to deal with the antimicrobial resistance problem enhanced by antibiotic therapy.

Predominant Objective Cognitive Function Groups and their Association with Risk Factors in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The epidemiological characterization of the predominant population groups by cognitive function allows supporting health policies to prevent dementia in Older Adults (OA). Objective: To analyze if there are association among predominant cognitive function groups and lifestyle factors, comorbidity and motor function in OA. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of insured OA, &gt;60 years old of either sex. Sociodemographic, habits, comorbidities and motor function data were the risk factors. Data for hierarchical cluster analysis were subjective and objective cognitive function, sex and academic level. Cognitive function from population groups defined according to DSM-5, and their association with risk factors. Results: A sample of 350 OA, 65 ± 7.4 years old. Cluster analysis grouped four groups: i) without Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD), ii) with major NCD, iii and iv) with minor NCD in OA ≥70 years and &lt;70 years. The factors associated with major NCD were unqualified work, Living Alone (LA), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HT), reduced March Speed (MS), frailty and alteration of Activities of Daily Life (ADL). The minor NCD &gt;70 years: unqualified work, LA, DM, frailty and alterations in ADL; and finally, minor NCD &lt;70 were unqualified work, LA, DM, HT, dyslipidemia, obesity, cardiac diseases and hypothyroidism. Physical activity was a protector for the three groups. The likelihood value for major NCD had lower values than the model soft heminor NCD groups. Conclusions: There are association among lifestyle factors, comorbidity, and motor function for protection and risk for the predominant cognitive function groups.

Biopsy Proven Renal Morphology Cognizance into its Four-Year Evolving Pattern; A Pakistani Perspective

Objective: To determine the pattern of Biopsy Proven Renal Diseases (BPRD) in a single tertiary care centre in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, KRL Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Mar 2016 to Nov 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: The archival records of all native renal biopsies performed in adults (&gt;18 years) were retrospectively analyzed.The biopsies were performed according to standard indications and evaluated by light microscopy and immunofluorescence.&#x0D; Results: A total of 134 renal biopsies were studied. Among these, 85(61.1 %) were males, and 49(36.5 %) were females. The mean age was 44.70±14.63 years. Primary glomerulonephritis’s were the predominant group of diseases found in 93(69.4%) cases. Membranous nephropathy (MN) was the most common lesion in 52(38.8%), followed by focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 22(16.4%) cases. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (Ch. TIN) 12(9.0%) was the third most common lesion among all biopsies. Other diagnoses included lupus nephritis (LN) 10(7.5%) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 9(6.7%). One sample one-sided t-test was used to estimate the minimum proportion of occurrence of different biopsies in our concerned population. The estimated minimum proportion of membranous nephropathy (MN) was 0.31, with a p-value of 0.034.&#x0D; Conclusion: We concluded that primary Glomerulonephritis (PGN) is the most common renal disease, and membranous nephropathy is the most common biopsy-proven Glomerulopathy in our concerned population.

Surf zone-related drownings and injuries based on lifeguard records in Goa beaches (2008–2020)

The study is based on lifeguard data from 44 Goa beaches over a period of 2008–2020; a total of 4837 surf zone injury (SZI) cases were analyzed. Calangute reported the highest SZIs with 24.63% followed by Baga and Candolim in the North Goa. In South Goa, Colva recorded the highest percentage of beach victims with 18.25%. Since Goa beaches are world famous, many tourists from foreign countries have become victims with a total percentage of 22.2%, thereby showing its importance to the global community. Out of all Indian states, Karnataka recorded nearly 21.93% cases as compared to Goa with 13.53%. Since there is a stringent lifeguard system available at Goa beaches, the drowning percentage is just 2.86%. Rips are found to be the primary cause responsible for most cases accounting for 59.32% with nearly 3030 victims. The secondary cause is due to shore breaking. The most common injury type is a fracture of the legs which accounts for 8.02%. Apart from rip current related cases, there are other cases reported due to tourism activities. Out of all recreational activities, wading resulted in more number of SZIs with 19.61% followed by surfing and body boarding. The SZI-related cases have also been examined based on age and gender. The predominant age group involved in the injuries was between 19 and 25 years (36.33%) with the majority of victims being males (78.59%). Few rip currents outbreak events with large number of victims rescued at Baga and Calangute beaches have been studied using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imageries and able to identify dangerous hot spots. These details give an idea of which regions along the beaches management have to focus on and restrict the zones from any kind of recreational activities. This analysis is the first of its kind in India, where a detailed study is carried on based on lifeguard reports, suggesting the importance of rescue or drowning data.

An Observational Study on Clinical Profiles of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion Patients in A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has infected around 1.7 billion people around the world so far and has been categorized as one of the top 10 causes of mortality globally. The rate of infection is increasing every year mainly 30 high TB burden countries. Due to high density of population every year the number of Tuberculosis (TB) patients are increasing in Bangladesh. Objective: To analyze the clinical profiles and radiological features of the pleural fluid (PF) among tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) patients attending Bangladesh Medical College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This is a hospital-record based cross sectional observational study executed in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. The study group comprises 182 diagnosed tuberculous pleural effusion patients enrolled in our Bangladesh Medical College Hospital from July 2020 to June 2022. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS 15 software. Results: In our observational study we found that tuberculous pleural effusion was predominant in the male gender (62%) with predominant age group of 31-40 years (36.26%). Among various clinical manifestations the predominant features were fever (89.56%), chest pain (63.19%) and night sweats (51.09%). Duration of TPE patients was 16-30 days (69.78%) when they presented to us. During BMI measurements we found that 56.59% of our patients were within normal BMI range and only 7.14% were undernourished indicating the assumption that low BMI or undernutrition is not a vulnerability factor anymore. 72% of our TPE patients belonged from urban locality. During radiological analysis of pleural fluid through chest x ray we have observed that 60.98% cases were right sided small (65.38%) pleural effusion and 36.81% had loculated pleural effusion. 59.89% of our patients got cured with anti TB medications but we lost follow ups to some of our study populations 15.93%. There were no mortality records during our study period. Conclusion: Most common manifestations of tuberculous pleural effusion were low grade fever and chest pain. TPE was predominant among young adults in our study which we need to be more attentive during our diagnosis and treating patients with pleural effusion.

The thermal stability of carbon materials in the air: Quantitative structural investigation of thermal stability of carbon materials in air

The variability of the nanostructure of carbon materials results in a uniquely wide range of physical and chemical properties. This work analyses how the nanostructure affects the thermal stability of 2D and 3D graphene-based materials (graphene, fullerenes, nanotubes, zeolite-templated carbon), disordered and 3D ordered mesoporous carbon materials (activated carbons, CMK-3, 3DOMM), and layered carbon materials (few-layer graphene, graphene nanoplatelets, graphite) in the air. Combination of structural, thermogravimetric and calorimetric analyses under identical conditions for all the carbon nanomaterials showed that the most decisive factor increasing the stability is the stacking of graphene layers with long-range order parallel to each other, increasing the onset oxidation temperature (Ton) with the number of graphene layers from 530 °C for graphene up to 800 °C for graphite. The unsaturated carbon atoms at the defects and edges and the bending stress in the 3D graphene layers cause that graphene, the 3D non-defective monolayer in fullerenes and the defective monolayer in zeolite-templated carbon exhibit similar stability to disordered amorphous materials, as well as 3D organised mesoporous materials. All these materials are oxidized in a narrow Ton interval from 485 to 530 °C. The most significant factor for reducing the stability is the presence of specific oxygen-containing functional groups, which decrease Ton for materials with oxidized edges and with predominant hydroxyl groups by up to 150 °C. The relationships between the carbon structure and its stability in the air facilitate targeting the nanostructure of carbon materials in relation to their stability.

ASSESSMENT OF DADRU BASED ON DASHAVIDHA PARIKSHA

Dadru is described under kustha in Ayurvedic Samhitas. It is included under kshudra kustha by Acharya Charaka. Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata included it under maha kustha. Dashavidha pariksha comes under the aatur desha. In dashavidha pariksha, ten points are examined to access the roga and rogi bala. These points are prakriti, vikriti, sara, samhanana, parmana, satmaya, satwa, aaharshakti, vyayam shakti, vaya. Assessment of Dadru with the help of dashavidha pariksha. The conceptual study, i.e., reviews of Ayurvedic and modern medical science literature related to Dadru. A total of 50 patients between the age group of 16-70 years were selected. The predominant age group was 31-60 years. No patient of pravar twak sara was registered in the study; the maximum number of patients were madhyamam samhanana, madhyamam pramana, madhyamam satmya, madhyamam sattva, madhyamam aahar shakti, and madhyamam vyayam shakti. Kapha and pitta dosha are mainly dominating in Dadru. The disease is kruchasadhya. The avara twak sara person is affected primarily in Dadru. Most of the patients registered in the study had madhyamam samhanan, madhyamam parmana, and madhyamam vyayam shakti. The disease occurs mainly in the person who takes ati amla and ati lavan food. The patients who were for study have madhyamam sattva and madhyamam aahara shakti, kandu, raga and mandal present in all patients.

Functional groups with inhibition Colletotrichum coccodes produced by Bacillus mojavensis ZA1 revealed based on non-targeted lipid metabolomics

Despite paying little attention to the functional groups of its metabolites for anti-pathogen, Bacillus mojavensis ZA1 has been an excellent functional strain for suppressing pathogens. This study sought to understand the major functional groups that contribute to inhibiting Colletotrichum coccodes in the metabolites as well as the lipid metabolome of B. mojavensis ZA1. In our research, sixty anti-pathogen fractions were obtained by separation using chromatographic columns, in which the fraction with the best effect reached 74% pathogen inhibition rate. Thin layer chromatography was used to separate the inhibitory fractions into two groups, BZS1 and BZS2, for a total of 8 fractions. The non-targeted metabolome was detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 247 lipid species, comprising 135 species in the positive mode and 112 species in the negative mode, were found using non-targeted metabolomics. They were primarily enriched in 12 metabolic pathways, 10 of which had ester groups in the structural formulae of all enriched compounds, while the other two, sphingomyelin metabolism (positive mode) and sterol metabolism (negative mode), had carbonyl and steroid nucleus in the structural formulae of all enriched compounds, respectively. In conclusion, the predominant anti-pathogen functional groups in the lipid metabolites produced by B. mojavensis ZA1 are ester groups, carbonyl groups, and steroid nucleus. This information will build a solid foundation for the employment of B. mojavensis ZA1 as biocontrol agents for C. coccodes and will provide more thorough and favorable data in support of that claim.

Correlation of automated cell counter RBC histograms and peripheral smear in anemia typing

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) indices and histogram obtained from automated hematology gives an idea about the morphological changes in anemia and therefore forms the fundamental process for diagnosis of anemia. Along with the peripheral smear, they can be used for anemia typing and to interpret the cause of anemia. Aims and Objectives: (1) Interpretation of histograms in normal persons and patients with different types of anemia. (2) Anemia typing based on RBC histograms complemented with Peripheral smear examination. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study is conducted in Haematology section of Department of Pathology, Shyam Shah Medical College and Sanjay Gandhi Medical Hospital Rewa, Madhya Pradesh. A total of 1000 patients blood sample is collected for complete blood count and anemia typing irrespective of age and gender and examined over a period of 1 year from August 2021 to July 2022. The patient’s blood sample is collected in EDTA vacutainer and analyzed on the basis of histogram obtained and peripheral smear slide prepared. Results: In the present study, we noted that the predominant age group affected was 20–30 years. Peripheral smear finding shows normocytic normochromic anemia was seen in 6% cases (60/1000), microcytic hypochromic anemia seen in 24.2% cases (242/1000), macrocytic anemia seen in 14% cases (140/1000), dimorphic anemia seen in 50.2% cases (502/1000), and hemolytic anemia seen in 5.6% cases (56/1000). This peripheral smear finding shows well correlation with findings of histogram pattern and RBC indices, where normocytic normochromic seen in 6.4% of cases (64/1000), microcytic hypochromic anemia seen in 24.4% of cases (244/1000), macrocytic anemia seen in 13.8% of cases (138/1000), dimorphic anemia seen in 49.5% of cases (495/1000), and hemolytic anemia seen in 5.9% of cases (59/1000). The most common anemia is dimorphic anemia (combined nutritional deficiency) in 49.5% cases followed by microcytic hypochromic anemia in 24.4% of cases based on histogram findings along with RBC indices. Conclusion: Histogram guides a technologist about the cases that need actual detailed peripheral smear examination by experts. Our study shows a well correlation in findings of automated hematology analyzer with the microscopic examination. Histogram alone could be used as screening method and when combined with peripheral blood smear findings, they act as useful supplement and by correlating findings of both methods, we could diagnose majority of anemia.