Predominant Lactobacillus Research Articles

Effects of Dietary Quality on Vaginal Microbiome Composition Throughout Pregnancy in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort.

Background: Vaginal Lactobacillus predominance is associated with improved vaginal health and reduced pregnancy complications. Little is known about how dietary quality may improve vaginal microbial composition or about dietary interventions that may promote Lactobacillus abundance. To understand the host factors affecting vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic cohort in Hawai`i. We hypothesize that better diet quality improves vaginal microbial composition, as represented by Lactobacillus abundance and depletion of anaerobic organisms. Methods: We compared comprehensive diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), to taxonomic classifications of bacteria present within the vagina. Participants of the four predominant ethnic groups in Hawai'i (Japanese, Filipino, Non-Hispanic White and Native Hawaiian) completed Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (QFFQs) and collected vaginal swabs during each trimester. 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing (V2-V9 regions) was performed on vaginal samples. HEI-2015 scores and macro- and micronutrient intake were compared with the predominant species present using the Mann-Whitney-U test, PERMANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A mixed-effects logistics regression model was used to predict the depletion of Lactobacillus species while accounting for confounding demographic factors. Results: Matched, longitudinal data for 40 participants demonstrated three predominant Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. iners, and L. gasseri, with another subset of samples with anaerobic abundance. (Primarily, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella, and Gardnerella vaginalis.) Non-Hispanic White participants had lower amounts of Lactobacillus iners compared to other racial and ethnic groups. HEI scores correlated with the chao index and observed species number primarily in the first trimester (r = 0.25, p < 0.05). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher abundance of L. crispatus, while lower carbohydrate intake trended towards more L. iners (0.056) and anaerobic species. Conclusions: Increased carbohydrate consumption and improved diet quality may be associated with beneficial vaginal microbial composition in pregnancy.

Vaginal microbiome of women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Objective This study aimed to describe the vaginal microbiome of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) receiving systemic hormone therapy (HT). Methods Forty women with POI receiving systemic HT for at least 6 months, who were sexually active, were included in the descriptive cross-sectional study. Vaginal secretion was collected for DNA extraction followed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA. The samples were pooled into phylogenetic groups (Ravel groups I–V). Results Women had mean age of 37.13 (± 7.27) years and POI diagnosis at age 27.90 (± 8.68) years, and a mean HT duration of 8.20 (± 8.73) years. It was observed that 33.4% of the women presented group I flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus; 9% group II flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri; 33.4% group III flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus iners; 15.2% group IV flora, with a predominance of anaerobic bacteria; and 9% group V flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Conclusion Women with POI receiving HT presented a vaginal microbiome with a predominance of lactobacilli in the composition of the vaginal flora, specifically L. crispatus and L. iners when evaluated by molecular biology through pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA.

Breed-Driven Microbiome Heterogeneity Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation via Lactobacillus-Lactate-GPR81 Signaling.

Genetically lean and obese individuals have distinct intestinal microbiota and function. However, the underlying mechanisms of the microbiome heterogeneity and its regulation on epithelial function such as intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate remain unclear. Employing pigs of genetically distinct breeds (obese Meishan and lean Yorkshire), this study reveals transcriptome-wide variations in microbial ecology of the jejunum, characterized by enrichment of active Lactobacillus species, notably the predominant Lactobacillus amylovorus (L. amylovorus), and lactate metabolism network in obese breeds. The L. amylovorus-dominant heterogeneity is paralleled with epithelial functionality difference as reflected by highly expressed GPR81, more proliferative ISCs and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Experiments using in-house developed porcine jejunal organoids prove that live L. amylovorus and its metabolite lactate promote intestinal organoid growth. Mechanistically, L. amylovorus and lactate activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a GPR81-dependent manner to promote ISC-mediated epithelial proliferation. However, heat-killed L. amylovorus fail to cause these changes. These findings uncover a previously underrepresented role of L. amylovorus in regulating jejunal stem cells via Lactobacillus-lactate-GPR81 axis, a key mechanism bridging breed-driven intestinal microbiome heterogeneity with ISC fate. Thus, results from this study provide new insights into the role of gut microbiome and stem cell interactions in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

Modern trends in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in primigravida in the first half of gestation

Pregnancy with bacterial vaginosis (BV) is accompanied by a high risk of various obstetric and perinatal complications, including miscarriage, preterm birth, placental dysfunction, premature rupture of membranes, chorionamnionitis, polyhydramnios, etc. Screening for BV is carried out in the first half of pregnancy during the registration of a woman, however, taking into account the gestational age, many drugs with antimicrobial and antiseptic effects are categorically contraindicated, as they have an embryo- and fetotoxic effect.Timely detection and correction of microbiocenosis disorders of the birth canal is an extremely important element to prevent a number of obstetric and perinatal complications. A balanced approach in the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis consists in the use of modern combined antiseptic preparations for local treatment, which do not contain antibacterial components and are safe for use during pregnancy.The objective: to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of BV in primigravida women in the first half of pregnancy.Materials and methods. 126 primigravida women aged 18–35 years in the first half of pregnancy were examined during pregnancy registration. The participants were selected randomly.The main group included 36 primigravida women with a gestation period of up to 20 weeks with a diagnosis of BV according to the Amsel and Hay–Ison criteria, who were treated with a combined antiseptic drug (chlorhexidine and chlorophyllipt) – suppository vaginally twice a day, the course of treatment – 5 days. The control group included 30 primigravida women with a gestational age of up to 20 weeks with vaginal normocenosis.For all women the pH of vaginal secretions was determined, followed by microscopy of a native smear, stained according to Gram, and a cultural study was performed. Adherence to the Amsel criteria was also determined, followed by evaluation by the Hay–Ison criteria. The clinical effect was evaluated according to clinical examination data before and on the 6th day of treatment with a combined antiseptic drug (chlorhexidine and chlorophyllipt) using bacterioscopic and bacteriological methods.Results. A normal pH was observed only in every fifth part of examined pregnant woman (28 women – 22.2%), while in the rest patients the acidity of the vaginal environment was not normal. Normocenosis was observed only among 1/3 of primigravida women (37 women – 29.4%). A third of the patients were diagnosed with BV (36 women - 28.6%), every fifth pregnant woman – vulvovaginal candidiasis (28 women - 22.2%).In healthy pregnant women (control group, n=30), the main component of the microbiocenosis was Lactobacillus spp. with a small content of facultatively anaerobic microorganisms. In the main group Atopobium vaginae (38.9%), Gardnerella vaginalis (33.3%), Prevotella bivia (27.8%), Candida spp. (22.2%), as well as Lactobacillus spp. in low titers were dominated. Before the treatment all 36 pregnant women of the main group corresponded to the 3rd type according to the Hay–Ison criteria with the dominance of Gardnerella vaginalis and/or Mobiluncus morphotypes and a small number or complete absence of lactobacilli, which served as the basis for establishing the diagnosis of BV. After treatment type 1 (94.4%) was found in 34 pregnant women, and type 2 (5.6%) – in 2 pregnant women.The results of the microbiological study indicate the normalization of the content of the biotope with the predominance of Lactobacillus spp. in women of the main group, in whom the indicators were similar to the control group.Conclusions. Since pregnancy with BV is accompanied by a high risk of obstetric and perinatal complications, the premorbid background of which is laid already in the first half of pregnancy, there is an urgent need to carry out the birth canal sanitation. The drugs of choice for the BV in the first half of pregnancy are local combined agents of a wide spectrum of action.A universal antiseptic with an anti-inflammatory effect, which includes two components – chlorhexidine and chlorophyllipt, fully meets the recommendations for efficiency and safety and can be used for the BV in the first half of pregnancy.

Sustainable Processes and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Artisanal Spontaneous Gluten Free Sourdough (Quinoa, Amaranth and Brown Rice) Compared to Wheat Sourdough

The industry predominantly depends on synthetic or artificial additives, occasionally permitting the inclusion of natural molecules sourced from plants or replicated from their original counterparts. The production of bakery products increasingly uses sourdough to improve the quality of bread or to obtain “clean label” products (free of artificial additives). The additive production sector contributes to this concern through the synthesis of potentially harmful compounds, the utilization of hazardous chemicals and solvents, the management of resulting by-products, and reliance on non-renewable resources for manufacturing. One percent of the world’s population suffers from celiac disease. Celiac disease is treated by excluding gluten from the diet. Most gluten-free bakery products have low nutritional and sensory quality. Therefore, sourdough is being used to replace chemical yeast to improve the sensory and nutritional quality and increase the shelf life of gluten-free bakery products. Three gluten-free sourdoughs were prepared with different flours: brown rice, quinoa and amaranth, in order to compare them with traditional sourdough (wheat) and optimize the most suitable temperature for the conservation of sourdoughs. Physicochemical analysis (pH, titratable acidity and color), antioxidant activity (FRAP, ORAC and ABTS), total phenolic compound content (Folin–Ciocalteu), total aflatoxin content, lactic and acetic acid content and microbiological analysis (mold and yeast content and bacterial and fungal composition (microbiota composition)) were carried out during the elaboration process and at different storage temperatures. A higher microbiological quantity of molds and yeasts (7.97 log CFU/mL), non-Saccharomyces yeasts (7.78 log CFU/mL) and lactic acid bacteria (8.10 log CFU/mL) and fungal composition were observed in the amaranth sourdough. The wheat sourdough obtained a higher total content of phenolic compounds (33.03 mg GAE g−1) and antioxidant capacity in ABTS and FRAP, but the quinoa sourdough had the highest ORAC content. In addition, it was observed that the adequate temperature for the conservation of the doughs is 25 °C, due to the predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. bacteria in the sourdough. Therefore, pseudocereal sourdoughs (quinoa and amaranth) could be an alternative to incorporate into the preparation of gluten-free bread, since their microbial composition, physicochemical composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds would contribute to gluten-free bread and thus produce health benefits for people with celiac disease.

A Landscape View of the Female Genital Tract Microbiome in Healthy Controls and Women With Reproductive Health Conditions Associated With Ectopic Pregnancy.

Disruption of the female genital microbiome is associated with several pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, preterm onset of labour, and tubal pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy is a known cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, but early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy remain a challenge. Despite growing established associations between genital microbiome and female reproductive health, few studies have specifically focused on its link with ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, the current review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the female genital microbiome in healthy and fertile women compared to those in ectopic pregnancy and its associated risk factors. The microbial diversity from various sites of the female genital tract was explored for a reliable proxy of female reproductive health in sequencing-based ectopic pregnancy research. Our report confirmed the predominance of Lactobacillus in the vagina and the cervix among healthy women. The relative abundance decreased in the vaginal and cervical microbiome in the disease state. In contrast, there were inconsistent findings on the uterine microbiome across studies. Additionally, we explore a spectrum of opportunities to enhance our understanding of the female genital tract microbiome and reproductive conditions. In conclusion, this study identifies gaps within the field and emphasises the need for visionary solutions in metagenomic tools for the early detection of ectopic pregnancy and other gynaecological diseases.

Urinary microbiome community types associated with urinary incontinence severity in women

BackgroundUrinary microbiome (urobiome) studies have previously reported on specific taxa and community differences in women with mixed urinary incontinence compared to controls. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher urinary and vaginal microbiome diversity would be associated with increased urinary incontinence severity. ObjectivesTo test if specific urinary or vaginal microbiome community-types are associated with urinary incontinence severity in a population of women with mixed urinary incontinence. Study DesignThis planned secondary, cross-sectional analysis evaluated associations between the urinary/vaginal microbiomes and urinary incontinence severity in a subset of ESTEEM trial participants with urinary incontinence. Incontinence severity was measured using bladder diaries and Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) questionnaires collected at baseline. Catheterized urine samples and vaginal swabs were concurrently collected prior to treatment at baseline to assess the urinary and vaginal microbiomes.16S rRNA V4-V6 variable regions were sequenced, characterizing bacterial taxa to the genus level using the DADA2 pipeline and SILVA database. Using Dirichlet multinomial mixture methods, samples were clustered into community-types based on core taxa. Associations between community-types and severity measures (UDI total, UDI subscale scores, and the number of urinary incontinence episodes (total, urgency, and stress) from bladder diary) were evaluated using linear regression models adjusted for age and body mass index. Alpha diversity measures for richness (total taxa numbers) and evenness (proportional distribution of taxa abundance) were also analyzed for associations with urinary incontinence episodes and community-type. ResultsSix urinary microbiome community-types were identified, characterized by varying levels of common genera (Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Tepidomonas, Acidovorax, Escherichia, and others). Analysis of urinary incontinence severity in 126 participants with MUI identified a Lactobacillus-dominated reference group with the highest abundance of Lactobacillus (76% mean relative abundance). A community characterized by fewer Lactobacilli (19% mean relative abundance) and greater alpha diversity, was associated with higher total urinary incontinence episodes (2.67 daily leaks, 95% CI: 0.76 - 4.59, p=0.007) and urgency urinary incontinence episodes (1.75 daily leaks, 95% CI: 0.24 - 3.27, p=0.02) compared to the reference group. No significant association was observed between community-type and stress urinary incontinence episodes or UDI total or subscores. The composition of vaginal community-types and urinary community-types were similar but comprised of slightly different bacterial taxa. Vaginal community-types were not associated with urinary incontinence severity, as measured by bladder diary or UDI total and subscale scores. Alpha diversity indicated that greater sample richness was associated with more incontinence episodes (observed genera p=0.01) in urine. Measures of evenness (Shannon/Pielou) were not associated with incontinence severity in the urinary or vaginal microbiomes. ConclusionsIn the urobiome of women with mixed urinary incontinence, a community-type with fewer Lactobacilli and more diverse bacteria was associated with more severe urinary incontinence episodes (total and urgency) compared to a community-type with high predominance of a single genus, Lactobacillus. Whether mixed urinary incontinence severity is due to lesser predominance of Lactobacillus, greater presence of other non-Lactobacillus genera, or the complement of bacteria comprising urobiome community-types, remains to be determined.

Comparative pangenomic analysis of predominant human vaginal lactobacilli strains towards population-specific adaptation: understanding the role in sustaining a balanced and healthy vaginal microenvironment

The vaginal microenvironment of healthy women has a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, L. iners, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii. The genomic repertoire of the strains of each of the species associated with the key attributes thereby regulating a healthy vaginal environment needs a substantial understanding.We studied all available human strains of the four lactobacilli across different countries, isolated from vaginal and urinal sources through phylogenetic and pangenomic approaches. The findings showed that L. iners has the highest retention of core genes, and L. crispatus has more gene gain in the evolutionary stratum. Interestingly, L. gasseri and L. jensenii demonstrated major population-specific gene-cluster gain/loss associated with bacteriocin synthesis, iron chelating, adherence, zinc and ATP binding proteins, and hydrolase activity. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that L. crispatus strains showed greater enrichment of functions related to plasma membrane integrity, biosurfactant, hydrogen peroxide synthesis, and iron sequestration as an ancestral derived core function, while bacteriocin and organic acid biosynthesis are strain-specific accessory enriched functions. L. jensenii showed greater enrichment of functions related to adherence, aggregation, and exopolysaccharide synthesis. Notably, the key functionalities are heterogeneously enriched in some specific strains of L. iners and L. gasseri.This study shed light on the genomic features and their variability that provides advantageous attributes to predominant vaginal Lactobacillus species maintaining vaginal homeostasis. These findings evoke the need to consider region-specific candidate strains of Lactobacillus to formulate prophylactic measures against vaginal dysbiosis for women’s health.

Short-term triphenyltin exposure alters microbial homeostasis in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) midgut

Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widespread synthetic chemical used in many fields and its potential risk to organisms has been comprehensively investigated using different animal models and species. Currently, little is known about the effects of TPT exposure on microbial midgut diversity, therefore we explored these effects in the lepidopterous silkworm model using 16S rDNA sequencing. In total, 5273 and 5065 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in control and TPT-exposure group samples, ranging from 424 to 728 OTUs/sample. Alpha-diversity analyses revealed that TPT exposure induced the fluctuations of gut microbial diversity and abundance while beta-diversity analyses identified a distinct impact on major gut microbiota components. In our microbiome analyses, 23 phyla and 353 genera were recognized in the control group, while 20 phyla and 358 genera were recognized in the TPT exposure group. At the genus level, midgut microbiota were composed of several predominant bacterial genera, including Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and UCG-010. In the TPT exposure group, o__Bacillales, f__Bacillaceae, and f__Caldicoprobacteraceae abundance was relatively high, while f__Oscillospiraceae, f__Fusobacteriaceae, and f__SC_I_84 abundance was relatively high in the control group. Gene function analyses in silkworm microbiota after TPT exposure showed that biosynthesis of ansamycins, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, type II diabetes mellitus, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, translation proteins, atrazine degradation, DNA repair and recombination proteins, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were significantly increased. Collectively, our silkworm model identified gut microbial diversity risks and the adverse effects from TPT exposure, which were similar to other aquatic animals. Therefore, TPT levels in environmental samples must be monitored to prevent ecological harm.

The Endometrial Microbiota: Challenges and Prospects.

Contrary to popular belief, we have known for many years that the endometrium is not a sterile environment and is considered to be a low-biomass milieu compared to the vagina. Numerous trials and studies have attempted to establish a valid sampling method and assess its physiological composition, but no consensus has been reached. Many factors, such as ethnicity, age and inflammation, can influence the microbiome. Moreover, it possesses a higher alpha-diversity and, therefore, contains more diverse bacteria than the vagina. For instance, Lactobacillus has been shown to be a predominant genus in the vaginal microbiome of healthy women. Consequently, even if a majority of scientists postulate that a predominance of Lactobacillus inside the uterus improves reproductive outcomes, vaginal contamination by these bacteria during sampling cannot be ruled out. Certain pathologies, such as chronic endometritis, have been identified as inflammation perpetrators that hinder the embryo implantation process. This pro-inflammatory climate created by dysbiosis of the endometrial microbiota could induce secondary inflammatory mediators via Toll-like receptors, creating an environment conducive to the development of endometriosis and even promoting carcinogenesis. However, studies to this day have focused on small populations. In addition, there is no clearly defined healthy uterine composition yet. At most, only a few taxa have been identified as pathogenic. As sampling and analysis methods become increasingly precise, we can expect the endometrial microbiota to be incorporated into future diagnostic tools and treatments for women's health.

Evaluation of significant factors in hydrogen production and volatile fatty acids in co-fermentation of citrus peel waste and processing wastewater

Solid waste and wastewater from citrus processing are potential raw materials for obtaining biofuels; however, the alternative of co-fermentation of these substrates has not been explored, and therefore a primary investigation is needed to outline which process variables should be better evaluated, aiming at higher H2 production. Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of the variables: pH (5.0, 6.5, and 8.0); citrus peel waste (CPW) concentration (5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 gTVS.L−1); citrus processing wastewater (CPWW) concentration (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 gCOD.L−1); yeast extract (0, 1.0, and 2.0 g.L−1); particle size (10, 20, and 30 mesh); and autochthonous inoculum bioaugmentation (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 gTVS.L−1). The variables identified with the most significant effect on the kinetic parameters of H2 production, and for the organic acids production, were CPW and CPWW concentrations, and particle size. The highest H2 production potential of 142.5 mL.L−1 and the highest maximum production rate of 29.8 mL.L−1.h−1 were obtained under the condition: pH of 5.0, 15.0 gTVS.L−1of CPW, 3.0 gDOQ.L−1of CPWW, 2.0 g.L−1of yeast extract, particle size of 30 mesh, and bioaugmentation of 2.5 gTVS.L−1. Under such conditions, acetic (368.6 mg.L−1), butyric (1181.09 mg.L−1) and valeric (696.4 mg.L−1) acids were observed as the main metabolites at the end of the batch reactor operation. There was an important change when comparing the microbial community structures of the autochthonous inoculum and the higher hydrogen production assay, with a predominance of Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Olsenella, and Prevotella genera. The metabolic interaction between lactic-acid bacteria and lactate-utilizing bacteria was identified as the main pathway of hydrogen production. The results made it possible to identify the technical viability of co-fermentation of waste from the citrus production chain, proposing that a better adjustment of substrate concentration variables can enhance energy recovery from H2 production.

Microbiological diversity of fermented food Bhaati Jaanr and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties: Effect against colon cancer

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most incidental and leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. The decisive outcome of traditional chemotherapy is often complimented with a different form of toxicity, raising concern. The present study investigated the anti-cancer potential of fermented rice Bhaati Jaanr (B.J.) extract on colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29 and SW480). The microbial diversity was determined by metagenomic analysis and high throughput next-generation sequencing. The anti-proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative PCR reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that B.J. extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of HT29 and SW480 and exhibited an IC50 of 50 μM with the predominance of Lactobacillus sp. (94.34%) and Acinetobacter lwoffii (4.60%). Further, B.J. extract suppressed the LPS-mediated inflammation in the HT29 and SW480, indicated by decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of the iNOS gene. Finally, the incubation of the RAW 264.7 murine macrophages with B.J. extract post-LPS stimulation depicted a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The present study reveals that B.J. extract exhibits significant antitumor activity and may have a therapeutic intervention against colon carcinogenesis.

O-260 The influence of the vaginal microbiome on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing a frozen embryo transfer: a prospective pilot study

Abstract Study question Are Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbial compositions advantageous for clinical outcomes and is the specific Lactobacillus species relevant? Summary answer Favourable clinical outcomes are increased in patients with a Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiome, particularly in those patients with microbial communities dominated by L.crispatus and L.jensenii. What is known already The clinical relevance of the urogenital microbiome is emerging as a topic in female reproductive health. Recent evidence suggests that the composition of the vaginal microbiome may have an impact on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. A Lactobacillus-dominant microbiome (LDM), typically composed of L.crispatus, L.gasseri, L.iners or L.jensenii, is considered to be associated with favourable outcomes. In contrast, a non-Lactobacillus-dominated microbiome (NLDM), consisting predominantly of anaerobe species, may be linked to poor outcomes. The evidence surrounding this relationship is controversial and the importance of relative Lactobacillus abundance in the vagina in relation to clinical outcomes remains unclear. Study design, size, duration A single-centre prospective pilot study included 81 patients (mean age: 38.2) undergoing frozen embryo transfer using their own (n = 52) or donated (n = 29) oocytes. A vaginal swab was taken on the embryo transfer day and the microbiome analysed. Implantation, ongoing pregnancy and early miscarriage rates were compared between different microbiome compositions. To minimise the confounding effect of aneuploidy on clinical outcomes, a patient sub-group (n = 54) receiving donor oocytes or a euploid embryo transfer was also considered. Participants/materials, setting, methods Quantitative PCR was utilised to determine the relative abundance of the four predominant Lactobacillus species as well as 15 species associated with vaginal dysbiosis. Microbiome compositions were grouped according to the relative Lactobacillus abundance and patients divided into an LDM (&amp;gt;80%) or NLDM (&amp;lt;80%) group. Patients were further sub-divided into community state types (CSTs) according to the dominant species present in their sample (CST-I: L.crispatus, CST-II: L.gasseri, CST-III: L.iners, CST-V: L.jensenii and CST-IV: dysbiotic species). Main results and the role of chance Relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly higher in samples from patients achieving an ongoing pregnancy (80.7% vs. 61.7%; p = 0.05). Implantation rates were comparable between LDM and NLDM patients (66.0% and 64.3%), but the ongoing pregnancy rate showed an apparent increase in LDM patients (58.5% vs. 39.3%; p = 0.11), concomitant with a significant decrease in the miscarriage rate (11.4% vs. 38.9%; p = 0.03). Limiting the analysis to patients at low risk of aneuploidy (young donor and PGT-A cycles), Lactobacillus abundance appeared higher in patients with ongoing pregnancies (74.8% vs. 58.0%; p = 0.34). Likewise, LDM patients showed higher ongoing pregnancy (61.3% vs. 43.5%; p = 0.27) and lower miscarriage (5.0% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.06) rates, although significance was not achieved in this restricted sample. Comparison of CST groups indicated better outcomes in CST-I and CST-V compared to other groups. The ongoing pregnancy rate was significantly higher (65.7% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.04), alongside a lower miscarriage rate (8.0% vs. 32.1%; p = 0.04). When only considering patients with low aneuploidy risk, similar results were obtained (implantation rate: 78.9% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.14; ongoing pregnancy rate: 73.7% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.04; miscarriage rate: 6.7% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.21). Of note, there were no differences in baseline characteristics (age, ethnicity &amp; BMI) or embryo morphologies between groups. Limitations, reasons for caution All patients were from a single fertility clinic and the study population was predominantly composed of white women. Consequently, results may not be applicable to women of different ethnicities. Patients with a low risk of aneuploid embryo transfer represented a small subgroup where meaningful statistical analysis was not always possible. Wider implications of the findings This study identifies a correlation between Lactobacillus species colonisation in the vagina and successful clinical outcomes, suggesting that the vaginal microbiome modulates the chances of IVF success. The results are promising, providing motivation for further, larger studies, involving more diverse populations in order to draw definitive conclusions. Trial registration number not applicable

State of the Lung Microbiota in С57bl/6 Mice in the Experimental Tuberculosis Model

The objective: to study the changes in the lung microbiota in inbred C57BL/6 mice after aerogenic infection with M. tuberculosis in an experimental tuberculosis model.Subjects and Methods. This study was carried out on 20 female mice of inbred line C57BL/6 weighing 20-22 grams which were infected in a Glas-Col aerosol chamber (USA) with the culture of M. tuberculosis of virulent strain H37Rv at the dose of 400 CFU/lung. Morphological and microbiological assessment of the lungs state was performed before (day 0) (n=5) and 7 (n=5), 30 (n=5) and 60 (n=5) days after the infection. The results obtained were subjected to statistical processing using ANOVA test and Student t-test.Results. 7, 30, and 60 days after aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis against the background of successive morphological and microbiological changes typical of the experimental tuberculosis model, we established an imbalance of bacterial population in the lung microbiota. Before infection with M. tuberculosis, a scanty biotope was recorded with a predominance of lactobacilli –Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus apodeme. 7, 30 and 60 days after infection with M. tuberculosis, consistent changes were recorded, such as increase in the number and diversity of the bacterial population. The most indicative markers of the recorded imbalance were: Streptococcus thoraltensis, Streptococcus acidominiminus, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, Staphylococcus hominis, Micrococcus luteus.Conclusion. Tuberculosis infection is a significant factor affecting the state of the lung microbiota. With increased duration of the infection with M. tuberculosis, imbalance of the bacterial flora is formed in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by characteristic tissue inflammation and growing mycobacterial load.

Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbial Diversity of Traditional Fermented Vinasse Hairtail

Fermented foods may confer several benefits to human health and play an important role in a healthy and balanced diet. Vinasse hairtail is a farmhouse-fermented food product with cultural and economic significance to locals in Zhoushan China. It is traditionally produced and subjected to 0–8 days of fermentation. In this study, we aimed to characterize the microbiota and physicochemical profiles of vinasse hairtail across different stages of fermentation. With the increase of fermentation time, pH, total sugar content, reducing sugar content, fat content, salt content, total protein content, myofibrillar protein content, TVB-N, and TBARS index increased, while the peroxide value decreased. The addition of vinasse significantly intensified the lipid and protein oxidation and protein degradation of hairtail, thereby increasing the flavor of its products. The microbial diversity and succession characterization during the fermentation of vinasse hairtail by high-throughput sequencing was measured. Results showed that Firmicutes was the predominant phylum and Lactobacillus was the main genera of bacterial diversity. Ascomycota was the main phylum of fungi and the main fungal genera detected in the samples were Saccharomyces. Additionally, the correlation between microbial community and physicochemical properties was found. Our study revealed that Lactobacillus was the major lactic acid bacteria present throughout the fermentation process. The results may provide a theoretical basis for improving the overall quality of vinasse hairtail.

Association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis with asymptomatic UTI in pregnant woman and adverse pregnancy outcome- A case report

The vaginal microbiota dysbiosis [Bacterial vaginosis (BV)] is a condition in which the predominant Lactobacillus spp is replaced by anaerobic bacteria like and in the women of reproductive age group due to several factors. The women with BV are at a greater risk of acquiring urinary tract infection (UTI). The association of bacterial vaginosis and asymptomatic UTI in pregnant women pose risk for both mother and foetus. Here, a case of adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant woman with BV and asymptomatic UTI is reported.

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Study of vaginal microecological imbalance and endometrial receptivity change in the treatment of female infertility

Objective—To understand the relationship between vaginal microecology and endometrial receptivity, and to explore the clinical effect of adjusting vaginal microecology and improving endometrial receptivity in the treatment of female infertility. Study Design—A total of 60 patients with vaginal microecological disorders and poor endometrial receptivity were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The drug treatment group (n = 30) was treated with lactobacillus preparation for 3 months, and the control group (n = 30) was not treated. Three months later, vaginal microecology and endometrial receptivity were detected again by ultrasound. Results—In the drug treatment group, there were significant differences in pH, density, diversity, vaginal flora, cleanliness, PI, endometrial thickness and endometrial type before and after treatment (P < 0.05).The predominance of Lactobacillus in the vagina can be restored by using Lactobacillus preparations. The application of vaginal Lactobacillus preparation is beneficial to improve endometrial receptivity.

Characteristics of changes in volatile organic compounds and microbial communities during the storage of pickles

The variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and microbial communities of three pickles during storage at 4°C for one week were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), high-throughput sequencing, and Spearman correlation analysis. A total of 50 VOCs were identified from three pickles. During storage, most alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters decreased, while acids increased, and sulfides, alkenes, and phenols were relatively equal. Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla, and Weissella, Streptophyta, Leuconostoc, Bacillariophyta, and Lactobacillus were the predominant bacterial genera in three pickles. The bacterial diversity level significantly decreased during storage (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella were highly correlated with the flavor of pickles, while Bacillariophyta and Streptophyta were highly correlated with the flavor formation of pickles during storage. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the impact of bacteria in flavor formation during pickle storage.

Cervicovaginal Microbiota Composition in Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In healthy women, the cervicovaginal microbiota is characterized by the predominance of Lactobacillus spp., whereas the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria leads to dysbiosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring genital infections like Chlamydia trachomatis. In the last decade, a growing body of research has investigated the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota associated with chlamydial infection via 16s rDNA sequencing, with contrasting results. A systematic review and a meta-analysis, performed on the alpha-diversity indices, were conducted to summarize the scientific evidence on the cervicovaginal microbiota composition in C. trachomatis infection. Databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched with the following strategy: “Chlamydia trachomatis” AND “micro*”. The diversity indices considered for the meta-analysis were Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) number, Chao1, phylogenetic diversity whole tree, Shannon’s, Pielou’s and Simpson’s diversity indexes. The search yielded 425 abstracts for initial review, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. The results suggested that the cervicovaginal microbiota in C. trachomatis-positive women was characterized by Lactobacillus iners dominance, or by a diverse mix of facultative or strict anaerobes. The meta-analysis, instead, did not show any difference in the microbial biodiversity between Chlamydia-positive and healthy women. Additional research is clearly required to deepen our knowledge on the interplay between the resident microflora and C. trachomatis in the genital microenvironment.