Predictors Of Suicidal Ideation Research Articles

Health, Suicidal Thoughts, and the Life Course: How Worsening Health Emerges as a Determinant of Suicide Ideation in Early Adulthood.

Poor physical health places adults at greater risk for suicide ideation. However, the linkage between health and suicidal thoughts may emerge and become established during early adulthood, concomitant with other social processes underlying suicidality. Using nationally representative survey data from Waves III through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,331), we examine the emergence of health as a predictor of suicide ideation across the early adult life course (ages 18-43). We find that worsening health does not significantly predict suicide ideation until young adults approach the transition into midlife. Our findings suggest this may be due to the increasing severity of health problems, reduced social network engagement, and disruption of social responsibilities later in early adulthood. Our findings underscore the need for social science research to examine the relationship between mental and physical health from a life course perspective.

Self-Expressivity and Social Support as Predictors of Suicide Ideation among Undergraduates of Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Sustaining life and controlling negative thoughts is vital to attaining academic goals and looking forward to a better and fulfilling life. This study examined self-expressivity and social support as predictors of suicide ideation among undergraduate students of Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study with 394 respondents comprising of 246 (62.4%) males and 148 (37.6%) females. The respondents were aged between 17 – 55 years. The Self-expressivity Scale, Social Support Scale and suicide ideation Scale were validated and used for data collection. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested using Multiple Regression analysis. Result from the first hypothesis indicated that, self-expressivity significantly predicted suicide ideation among the undergradutes. The result of the second hypothesis showed that social support significantly predicated suicide ideation among the students. On the third hypothesis, self-expressivity and social support significantly predicted suicide ideation when they were jointly tested. Findings were discussed in line with studies reviewed and conclusions were drawn. It was recommended among others that healthy self-regulating mechanisms be employed to boost self-expressivity be encouraged among students while help and care from families, friends and significant others be sought to when encountering life-threatening challenges as students. Also, there is a need to seek professional help.

Presence and predictors of suicide ideation in a clinical outpatient context

Presence and predictors of suicide ideation in a clinical outpatient context

Mediation effect of anxious attachment on relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation sensitive to psychological pain levels.

Childhood trauma (CT), depression, and psychological pain are known predictors of suicidal ideation. Recent literature additionally highlights the importance of the attachment system. We aimed to predict suicidal ideation through CT, attachment, and psychological and social pain by using mediation models aiming to predict suicidal ideation through CT (predictor) and attachment (mediator). In the same models, we introduced psychological or social pain as a moderator of the relationship between attachment, CT, and suicidal ideation. We included 161 depressed patients and assessed depression, attachment, CT, suicidal ideation, psychological pain, and social pain. We found (1) a complete mediating effect of anxious attachment (a2b2 = 0.0035, CI95% = [0.0010; 0.0069]) on the relationship between CT on suicidal ideation, and (2) a significant complete conditional mediating effect of anxious attachment and psychological pain (index of moderated mediation VAS: 0.0014; CI95% = [0.0002; 0.0032]) but not social pain on the relationship between CT and suicidal ideation. Both models were controlled for history of suicidal attempt, depression severity, and sex. Our results suggest a developmental profile of suicidal ideation in mood disorder that is characterized by the presence of CT and insecure attachment, especially anxious attachment, that is sensitive to experiences of psychological pain. Nevertheless, we cannot conclude that avoidantly attached individuals do not present the same mechanism, as they may not disclose those ideas.

Identifying suicide ideation in mental health application posts: A random forest algorithm

The growing use of digitized mental health applications requires new reliable early screening tools to identify user suicide risk. We used a lexicon-based random forest machine learning algorithm to predict suicide ideation scores from 714 online community text posts from December 2019 to April 2020. We validated predicted scores against expert-rated suicide ideation scores. The algorithm-predicted scores offered high validity and a low error rate and correctly identified 95% of expert-rated high-risk suicide ideation posts. Our findings highlight a potential new method to detect suicidal ideation of digital mental health application users.

The Effect of Emotional Dysregulation and Impulsivity on Suicidality in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of emotional dysregulation and impulsivity on suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder by comparing patients with bipolar disorder with healthy individuals. The study included 85 patients (59 women, 26 men) with bipolar disorder and education and age-matched 65 (44 women, 21 men) healthy volunteers. The patient group was separated into 3 different groups if they have a suicide attempt history, or have suicidal ideation without attempt, or have neither suicide attempt nor ideation. Sociodemographic Form, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire scales were applied to the participants. Patients with bipolar disorder (n=85) had significantly higher scores for emotion dysregulation and impulsivity than the healthy controls (p<0.001, p<0.001). The scores of DERS, BIS-11, Suicidal ideation, and Suicide behavior scores were significantly correlated. DERS Total and BIS Total scores of bipolar patients with suicide attempts were significantly higher than bipolar patients with suicidal ideation and bipolar patients with neither attempt nor ideation. According to the hierarchical regression analysis, strategies, clarity, and non-planning impulsiveness were found as the predictors of suicidal ideation in bipolar patients. Suicidal behavior has a significant relationship between emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in patients with BD. Clinicians must carefully evaluate emotional dysregulation and impulsivity among this population to develop treatment strategies in suicide prevention.

Prediction of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students based on radial basis function neural network.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for college students. The predictors of suicidal ideation among college students are inconsistent and few studies have systematically investigated psychological symptoms of college students to predict suicide. Therefore, this study aims to develop a suicidal ideation prediction model and explore important predictors of suicidal ideation among college students in China. We recruited 1,500 college students of Sichuan University and followed up for 4 years. Demographic information, behavioral and psychological information of the participants were collected using computer-based questionnaires. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) method was used to develop three suicidal ideation risk prediction models and to identify important predictive factors for suicidal ideation among college students. The incidence of suicidal ideation among college students in the last 12 months ranged from 3.00 to 4.07%. The prediction accuracies of all the three models were over 91.7%. The area under curve scores were up to 0.96. Previous suicidal ideation and poor subjective sleep quality were the most robust predictors. Poor self-rated mental health has also been identified to be an important predictor. Paranoid symptom, internet addiction, poor self-rated physical health, poor self-rated overall health, emotional abuse, low average annual household income per person and heavy study pressure were potential predictors for suicidal ideation. The study suggested that the RBFNN method was accurate in predicting suicidal ideation. And students who have ever had previous suicidal ideation and poor sleep quality should be paid consistent attention to.

Predictors of suicidal ideation among acute stroke survivors

• Risk of suicide ideation and depression is high in the early post-stroke period • Severity of stroke disability is associated with post-stroke suicidal ideation • Post-stroke suicidal ideation is associated with ischemic stroke and a longer hospital stay : The risk of suicide in patients with stroke is high compared to the general population. To identify specific subgroups at higher risk of suicide in the early post-stroke period, we examined the relationship between the acute stroke-related clinical variables, patient demographics, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI). : We reviewed prospectively collected data from the comprehensive stroke center with patients who had an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and screened for depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item (PHQ-9) at 90 days post-stroke outpatient follow-up. Question 9 of the PHQ-9 was screened for the presence of SI. : A total of 6.7% of patients reported SI. There were significant differences between groups among patients who reported SI as compared to those without SI with respect to ischemic stroke (p=0.026), longer hospital stay (p=0.009), and higher disability modified Rankin scale score at seven days post-stroke (p=0.014). : We did not have access to the number of stroke survivors with SI who attempted suicide. : Our results show that screening based on PHQ-9 can identify the stroke survivors at risk of suicide and then enable additional risk assessment and stratify the patient to appropriate mental health support, thus reducing suicide, a preventable condition.

Fusion of pain avoidance and the contingent negative variation induced by punitive condition predict suicide ideation in a college population

This study examined behavioral and ERP features involved in pain processing as predictors of suicide ideation. Twenty-seven depressed undergraduates with high suicide ideation (HSI), 23 depressed undergraduates with low suicide ideation (LSI), and 32 healthy controls (HCs) completed the clinical Scales. The amplitudes of LPP, P2, P3, CNV, FRN, power in the beta, theta, and delta bands in the SAID task were multimodal EEG features. A machine learning algorithm known as support vector machine was used to select optimal feature sets for predicting pain avoidance, depression, and suicide ideation. The accuracy of suicide ideation classification was significantly higher for multimodal features (78.16%) which pain avoidance ranked the first and the CNV ranked the fifth than a single ERP feature model (66.62%). Pain avoidance emerged as the most optimal feature of suicide ideation classification than depression. And the CNV elicited by punitive cues may be a biomarker in suicide ideation. Pain avoidance and its related EEG components may improve the efficacy of suicide ideation classification as compared to depression.

The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Rumination, and Suicide Ideation in Patients with Depression.

A cross-sectional study of 95 subjects with depression recruited intentionally from the psychiatric ward of Tzu Chi Hospital. The questionnaire included demographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Independent sample t-test, Pearson product difference correlation, and the stepwise regression test were adopted for data analysis. Age (r = -0.41, p &lt; 0.01), age at diagnosis (r = -0.34, p &lt; 0.01), and sleep duration (r = -0.25, p &lt; 0.05) were negatively correlated with rumination-reflection. The depressive symptoms (r = 0.72, p &lt; 0.01) were positively correlated with rumination, whereas rumination (r = 0.57, p &lt; 0.01) and suicide ideation were positively correlated. Depressive symptoms and rumination could predict suicide ideation, and the effective explanatory power reached 60%. If the patient with depression was younger or the patient was diagnosed at a younger age, the depressive symptoms of the reflection subscale of rumination thinking and suicide ideation were more serious. Our results indicate that clinicians who care for patients with depression should be aware of rumination and its impact on suicide ideation, specifically in younger patients.

Social cognitive mechanisms between psychological maltreatment and adolescent suicide ideation: Race/ethnicity and gender as moderators.

The current study examined whether psychological maltreatment predicts suicide ideation through self-perception of social competence, and whether this relationship differs depending on race/ethnicity and gender. We analyzed a racially diverse, longitudinal sample of adolescents at risk for maltreatment (N = 765). Self-report measures of lifetime maltreatment were completed at age 12 and combined with data from Child Protective Services. Youth also completed measures of perceived social competence at age 12. Indicators of suicide ideation were taken at ages 8, 12, 16, and 18. Perceived social competence scores differed significantly between children who were psychologically maltreated and those who were not, but these differences were nonsignificant for physical and sexual abuse. Self-perception of social competence fully mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and suicide ideation for White girls and boys. Our findings suggest that poor perceived social competence is uniquely associated with psychological maltreatment, and White adolescents may develop suicide ideation through specific mechanisms involving social cognition. Certain youth may benefit from interventions improving social cognitions and promoting healthy relationships to prevent suicide ideation during adolescence.

A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Using Grid Search and Cross-Validation for Effective Classification and Prediction of Suicidal Ideation from Social Network Data.

Suicide deaths due to depression and mental stress are growing rapidly at an alarming rate. People freely express their feelings and emotions on social network sites while they feel hesitant to express such feelings during face-to-face interactions with their dear ones. In this study, a dataset comprising 20,000 posts was taken from Reddit and preprocessed into tokens using a variety of effective word2vec techniques. A new hybrid approach is proposed by combining the attention model in a convolutional neural network and long-short-term- memory. The objective of this research is to develop an effective learning model to evaluate the data on social media for the efficient and accurate identification of people with suicidal ideation. The proposed attention convolution long short-term memory (ACL) model uses hyperparameter tuning using a grid search to select optimized hyperparameters. From the experimental evaluation, it is shown that the proposed model, that is, ACL with Glove embedding after hyperparameter tuning gives the highest Accuracy of 88.48%, Precision of 87.36%, F1 score of 90.82% and specificity of 79.23% and ACL with Random embedding gives the highest Recall of 94.94% when compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Utility of self- and parent-reported suicidal ideation in early childhood: Prediction of suicidal ideation and psychopathology in adolescence.

The rates of suicide in youth have increased dramatically, leading to increased interest in routinely screening youth for suicidality. However, data on suicidal ideation (SI) in younger children are sparse, especially with brief self-report measures that can easily be used for screening non-referred samples. We evaluated a community sample of 497 6-year-old children and their parents and followed them into adolescence. SI was assessed via child self-report at ages 6 and 9 using an item from the Children's Depression Inventory, and via parent-report at age 6 using an item from the Early Childhood Inventory. Child psychopathology and functioning were assessed via semi-structured interviews every 3 years from age 6 through 15. Child endorsement of SI at age 6 did not predict later psychopathology or functioning. Child endorsement of SI at age 9 was associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) diagnoses across the adolescent follow-up assessments. Parent endorsement of child SI predicted an increased likelihood of later SI and non-suicidal self-injury, a higher rate of DBD and externalizing symptoms, and poorer global functioning in adolescence. Our results support recommendations against administering SI screening measures to children under the age of 10.

PERCEIVED PARENTING STYLE- A CORRELATE AND A PREDICTOR OF ADOLESCENT SUICIDAL IDEATION

Suicide rates are found more prevalent among adolescent students throughout the world and India is not an exception. But suicide is not sudden but a long thought process which starts from suicidal ideation. There are different factors that compel an adolescent to commit suicide but the most one of the prominent among them is parenting. So the purpose of this research study was to examine the correlation between perceived parenting and suicidal ideation and further it aimed at analyzing the predictive relationship between these two variables. 600 adolescent students comprise the sample of this study and the sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. The data collection tools used, were Suicidal ideation scale (Sisoda, S and Bhatnagar, V, 2011) and Parenting style scale (Gupta and Mehtani, 2017). Pearson’s product moment correlation and linear regression analysis were used to find out the correlation and regression coefficients. The results of the study revealed that there is a negative correlation between democratic parenting style and suicidal ideation and other three parenting styles (Autocratic, Permissive, Uninvolved) showed positive relation with suicidal ideation. It further revealed that Autocratic parenting style is the most significant correlate and predictor of suicidal ideation among adolescent students while the democratic parenting is less significant correlate and lower predictor of adolescent suicidal ideation.

Attachment, loneliness, and social connection as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A relational diathesis-stress experience sampling study.

Concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have led to efforts to understand how pandemic-specific factors, such as decreased social contact during periods of social distancing, may relate to suicide risk. The present study evaluated personality-based risk factors and frequency of social contact as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic. We tested a relational diathesis-stress model of suicide focusing on insecure attachment, trait loneliness, and social contact as predictors of SI, using twice-weekly survey data collected via smartphone from a community sample (n=184) over 8 weeks. Multilevel modeling showed that both trait loneliness and anxious attachment predicted the prospective development of SI during the study period. Reduced in-person contact, but not remote contact, was proximally associated with increased SI. Participants with high attachment avoidance were more likely to develop SI in the context of reduced daily in-person contact compared to participants without these traits. Findings support a relational diathesis-stress model of suicide risk during the pandemic, showing that dispositional traits related to emotional connection with others predicted the relative salience of reduced social contact as a proximal risk factor for SI.

Impact of Online Racism on Suicide Ideation Through Interpersonal Factors Among Racial Minority Emerging Adults: The Role of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness.

While a growing number of studies have documented significant links between online racism (e.g., racist interactions, contents on racial violence) and comorbid factors (e.g., depression) associated with suicide risk, no studies have examined whether online racism predicts suicide ideation and if interpersonal factors can help explain this link. Thus, the current study examined the direct relationship between online racism and suicide ideation among racial minority emerging adults, and the indirect relationships via the interpersonal factors (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness). Using data from a convenience sample of 338 racial minority emerging adults, we conducted a path analysis with online racism predicting suicide ideation through thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Online racism significantly predicted suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness. Post hoc multi-group analysis found that this pathway was consistent across Black, Asian, and Latinx groups but was completely mediated for the Asian group. The findings suggest that online racism can increase feelings of being a burden to society, which can trigger thoughts of suicide. This process may be particularly salient among Asian individuals. Implications for future research are discussed.

Self-reported anxiety and depression problems and suicide ideation among black and latinx adults and the moderating role of social support.

Suicide is a critical public health problem. Over the past decade, suicide rates have increased among Black and Latinx adults in the U.S. Though depression is the most prevalent psychiatric contributor to suicide risk, Black and Latinx Americans uniquely experience distress and stress (e.g., structural adversity) that can independently operate to worsen suicide risk. This makes it important to investigate non-clinical, subjective assessment of mental health as a predictor of suicide ideation. We also investigate whether social support can buffer the deleterious impact of poor mental health on suicide ideation.We analyzed data from 1,503 Black and Latinx participants of the Washington Heights Community Survey, a 2015 survey of residents of a NYC neighborhood. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the effect of subjectively experienced problems with anxiety and depression on suicide ideation independent of depression diagnosis, and the role of social support as a moderator.Estimated prevalence of past two-week suicide ideation was 5.8%. Regression estimates showed significantly increased odds of suicide ideation among participants reporting moderate (OR = 8.54,95% CI = 2.44-29.93) and severe (OR = 16.84,95% CI = 2.88-98.46) versus no problems with anxiety and depression, after adjustment for depression diagnosis. Informational support, i.e., having someone to provide good advice in a crisis, reduced the negative impact of moderate levels of anxiety and depression problems on suicide ideation.Findings suggest that among Black and Latinx Americans, subjective feelings of anxiety and depression account for a significant portion of the suicide ideation risk related to poor mental health. Further, social support, particularly informational support, may provide protection against suicide ideation.

Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among undergraduates of University of Ibadan

This research was aimed at investigating the psychosocial factors predicting suicidal ideation among the undergraduate of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive correlational design survey was adopted for this research. A sample size of 220 respondents was randomly selected for the purpose of this research. Valid and reliable instruments were used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using the Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that self-esteem (r=0.337, p&lt;.01), family support (r=0.366, p&lt;.01), hopelessness (r=0.417, p&lt;.01) and religion (r=0.402, p&lt;.01) had a positive significant relationship with suicidal ideation, while emotional intelligence (r = -.414, p&lt;.01) had a negative relationship with suicidal ideation. Also, the joint contribution of the independent variables (Self-Esteem, Hopelessness, Emotional Intelligence, Family Support and Religion) on suicidal ideation was significant. Finally, it was revealed that the independent variables contributed to the dependent variable relatively as expressed below. Self-esteem (β = .774, t = 16.350 P&lt;.01), emotional intelligence (β = -.318, t = -7.938 P&lt;.01), family support (β = .301, t = 5.760, P &lt;.01), hopelessness (β = .498, t = 10.388, P &lt;.01), religion (β = .309, t = 7.531, P &lt;.01) respectively. The study recommends that the school administrators should establish counselling units in each faculty to bring counselling psychologists closer to the student for any assistance where necessary. The religious bodies such as Churches and Mosques should do everything to preach hopeful messages to their congregation. This is to enliven the students attending such programmes thereby giving them hope irrespective of their situation. Families should also provide the needed support that would boost the students’ self- esteem and worth. This may be in form of more affection, support for their aspirations and dreams etc. This is achievable through regular phone calls, visitations and other kinds of support where necessary by the family members and significant others. Keywords: Hopelessness, Religion, Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, Suicidal Ideation DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/101-07 Publication date: August 30 th 2022

Caregiver-Youth intergeneration acculturation conflict moderates the relationship between depression severity and suicidality among female Mexican-Descent college students

Objective Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college-age students in the U.S., with disparities in suicide ideation and attempts among Latinas. The current study aims to examine if depression severity predicts suicide ideation and attempts and to examine if caregiver intergeneration acculturation conflict (IAC) moderates this link. Participants A sample of 246 Mexican-descent female college students. Methods Self-reported measures for depression severity, male and female caregiver IAC, and suicide ideation and attempts in the previous 12-months were ascertained. Results In our sample, 31.1% endorsed suicide ideation and 15.9% suicide attempts. Controlling for age, both male and female caregiver IAC moderated the relationship between depression severity and suicide ideation. A similar moderation pattern emerged for the suicide attempts outcome. Conclusions Understanding this exacerbating contextual factor can help inform prevention/intervention efforts targeting Mexican-descent college students who are experiencing depressive symptoms by focusing on decreasing IAC with both caregivers. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among emerging adults, defined as 18–29-year-olds, 1 in the United States (U.S.) and is responsible for more deaths than any single major medical illness. 2 Significant gender and ethnic/racial disparities have been well-documented and highlight that Latina emerging adults experience some of the highest rates of suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) and the greatest increases in SA over time, when compared to non-Latinx White, female emerging adults. 3 , 4 In fact, recent research suggests that Latina college students report a 1.7% prevalence rate of suicide attempts compared to 1.2% among non-Latina White college students and data trends report a nearly double increase in the percent of suicide attempts from 2011 to 2015 (from 0.9% to 1.7%) for Latinas versus a minimal change (from 1.1% to 1.2%) among non-Latina White college students. 4 Key research examining this disparity have cited that elevated depressive symptoms, which are also experienced at higher levels among Latinx groups in the U.S., 5 are strongly linked to SI and SA among Latinx college students and emerging adults. 6 , 7 Developmentally, the highest risk period for the onset of SI and SA is during late adolescence or emerging adulthood 8 and deaths due to suicide increase as adolescents move into emerging adulthood. 2 , 9 Emerging adulthood is an even riskier developmental period for minoritized college students, like Latinx college students, because this period is marked by identity formation processes that are exacerbated by intercultural interactions on college campuses and cultural expectations at home. 10 These data underscore the significance of detecting how unique contextual factors may interact with elevated depressive symptoms, and importantly, how these factors are associated with the increased suicide risk among Latinx college-age youth, as they represent a high-risk developmental and ethnic group.

Neuroticism, rumination, depression and suicidal ideation: A moderated serial mediation model across four countries

Background/objectiveResearch has highlighted the role of neuroticism, rumination, and depression in predicting suicidal thoughts, but studies on how these variables interplay are scarce. The aims of the present study were to test a model in which emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism) would act as an antecedent and moderator of rumination and depressed mood in the prediction of suicidal ideation (i.e., moderated serial-mediation), and to explore their replicability across four countries and sex, among college students as an at-risk-group for suicide. MethodParticipants were 3482 undergraduates from U.S, Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands. Path analysis and multi-group analysis were conducted. ResultsEmotional stability was indirectly linked to suicidal ideation via rumination and depressed mood. Moreover, emotional stability moderated the associations between rumination and depressed mood, and between depressed mood and suicidal ideation. Findings were consistent in males and females, and across countries studied. DiscussionRegardless of sex and country, people with low emotional stability reported higher levels of rumination, which in turn was associated with more depressed mood, and these were associated with higher reports of suicidal thoughts. This cascade of psychological risk factors for suicidal ideation seems to be more harmful in people who endorse low levels of emotional stability.