Predictors Of Smartphone Addiction Research Articles

Communication Preferences and Factors Predicting Smartphone Addiction Among Four Generations of Australians: Gender and Generational Differences

AbstractSmartphones are commonly used for socializing, entertainment, and information-seeking. However, excessive and problematic usage may lead to smartphone addiction, which is linked to cognitive and attentional deficits and mental health issues globally. Historically, age and gender have been found to influence smartphone usage. Furthermore, the relationship between communication preferences (via mobile-technology versus in-person) and usage, and addictive tendencies is understudied. Past research has seldom explored older age groups. This study investigates generational (“Gen-Z,” “Gen-X,” “Gen-Y,” and Baby-Boomers) and gender differences in smartphone usage, communication preferences, and factors predicting smartphone addiction scores (SAS). The study surveyed 894 adults aged 18–80 years to examine interpersonal communication preferences, daily hours of smartphone usage, and SAS. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling through digital and printed media. Daily hours of usage and SAS were closely related and shown to reduce after the age of 40 years. Generations “Z” and “Y” reported the highest daily use and scored higher in SAS than the older generations. Women scored higher in SAS than men in all generations except “Gen-X.” Age, hours of usage, and preference for mobile communication predicted SAS, but gender did not. Overall, people prefer to communicate with others in-person more than via mobile-technology. The findings identify significant generational and gender differences in daily usage, addiction scores, and communication preferences. Preference to communicate more via mobile-technology than in-person predicted SAS. Future research needs to investigate smartphone usage among all age groups and genders to clarify the risks and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction.

Predicting Smartphone Addiction Trajectories in Korean Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Based on a National Survey from 2018 to 2020.

This longitudinal study aimed to identify the role of psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction (SA) among Korean adolescents and predict the trajectory of SA based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable was SA score as measured by the Korean Smartphone Addiction Propensity Scale (SAPS), and the independent variables were psychosocial factors (attention, grit, life satisfaction, self-esteem, aggression, depression, social withdrawal and physical symptom). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis (adjusted for covariates) results indicated that attention (B = -0.346, P < .001), grit (B = -0.402, P < .001), life satisfaction (B = -0.150, P < .001), and self-esteem (B = -0.099, P < .001) were protective factors for reducing SA score. Conversely, aggression (B = 0.222, P < .001) and depression (B = 0.067, P = .005) were predicted to be risk factors for increasing SA score. A better understanding of the relationship between behavioral addiction and psychosocial development factors in adolescence will assist in the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

The Application of Data Mining in Analyzing the Relationship between Interpersonal Relationship Distress and Smartphone Addiction of College Students

This research employed computer technology to analyze data from 1737 university students, investigating the impact of smartphone usage on changes in their interpersonal relationships. Additionally, a predictive model was developed to understand patterns of smartphone use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Negative Coping Style Scale among college students. The study examined how distress in interpersonal relationships among college students predicts smartphone addiction and explored the mediating effects of basic psychological needs and negative coping strategies in this relationship. Findings revealed that: (1) Distress in interpersonal relationships is a predictor of smartphone addiction among college students; (2) Basic psychological needs act as an intermediary factor between interpersonal relationships and smartphone addiction; (3) Negative coping strategies also serve as an intermediary factor between interpersonal relationships and smartphone addiction; (4) Both basic psychological needs and negative coping strategies jointly play a chain mediating role in the association between interpersonal relationships and smartphone addiction.

Studying Alienation and Depression as a Predictor of Smartphone Addiction Among Adolescents

The present study was undertaken to find out about Smartphone Addiction (SA) and its relationship with alienation and depression among adolescents. The descriptive survey method was employed on a sample of 200 adolescents studying in government and self-financed/ private schools in Jammu and Kathua. Data collection instruments were the Smartphone addiction scale (SAS), the Facebook Usage Scale (FUS), the Mental Depression Scale (MDS) and the Alienation Scale (AS). Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to find out the relationship between variables. Regression was used to find out the conjoint effect between the variables. The findings reveal that SA is positively and significantly correlated with alienation and depression among adolescents. The results further indicate that alienation and depression would contribute towards the prediction of SA of adolescents both independently as well as conjointly.

Application of the Random Forest Model in Predicting Smartphone Addiction among First-Year College Students

Application of the Random Forest Model in Predicting Smartphone Addiction among First-Year College Students

Loneliness and Social Anxiety Predicting Smartphone Addiction among Undergraduates in A Malaysian Public University

Loneliness and Social Anxiety Predicting Smartphone Addiction among Undergraduates in A Malaysian Public University

RETRACTED: HEXACO as predictors of smartphone addiction in a college setting

There are many factors that can associate with smartphone addiction, and personality traits are included. With the popularity of mobile phones, smartphone addiction has become increasingly common. To differentiate the association between various personality traits and smartphone addiction, a survey was conducted in northern China (mainland). With the help of bivariate analysis and regression analysis, three conclusions could be drawn. To begin with, there is a negative association between Honesty-Humility (H-H)/Agreeableness (A)/Conscientiousness (C)/Openness to experience (O) and smartphone addiction, whereas there is a positive association between Emotionality (E)/eXtraversion (X) and smartphone addiction. Secondly, Emotionality, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to experience could explain a 27.14% variance in smartphone addiction. Thirdly, Emotionality, eXtraversion and Agreeableness more significantly predict smartphone addiction than the other three personality traits.

Predictors of Smartphone Addiction in Teacher Candidates: Self-Control and Communication Skills

In this study, the predictive role of self-control and communication skills on smartphone addiction levels of teacher candidates was examined. The research was conducted based on the relational survey model. The research group consisted of 378 teacher candidates, 181 (45.9%) males and 197 (54.1%) females. The average age of the research group is 15.82. “Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version”, “Brief Self-Control Scale”, “Communication Skills Scale”, and “Personal Information Form” were used as data collection tools. The data obtained in the study were analyzed by the multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise) method. As a result of the research, it was determined that the variables of self-control and communication skills significantly predicted smartphone addiction.

COVID-19 victimization experience and university students’ smartphone addiction: the mediating role of emotional intelligence

ObjectivesDuring the post-COVID-19 era, everyone has the risk of contracting the virus and becoming the victims of COVID-19. Examining the relationship between the COVID-19 victimization experience and its effects is more urgent. The aim of present study is to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction, and the mediating role of emotional intelligence.MethodsA online questionnaire including the COVID-19 Victimization Experience Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale among Chinese university students, were employed in this study. Finally, 1154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity.ResultsStructural Equation Model (SEM) demonstrated that COVID-19 victimization experience significantly predicted smartphone addiction in university students, and emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect.ConclusionCOVID-19 victimization experience was a important variables in predicting university students’s martphone addiction, and emotional intelligence was a protective factor in decreasing the negative effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on addictive behaviors. It is suggested that instructors should integrate emotional intelligence training programs into mental health courses so as to improve students’ emotional intelligence ability.

Effects of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction: mediating role of insecure attachment.

Concern exists regarding the potential negative consequences of smartphone addiction among adolescents. This study investigated the effect of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction among adolescents with two insecure attachment styles, namely, anxious and avoidant attachment. These attachment styles were regarded as mediating variables. Self-report measures were used to assess use motivations, alexithymia, insecure attachment and smartphone addiction. Data were collected from 748 junior high school students (382 males and 366 females) in northeastern China. Structural equation modeling was used to test our hypothesis that use motivations and alexithymia are directly associated with smartphone addiction and also through the mediation of attachment insecurities. The structural equation modeling results showed a strong and positive correlation between use motivation and smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment mediating such a relationship. Meanwhile, the two components of alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking, positively predicted smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment serving as a mediator of this effect. In addition, the mediation analysis results demonstrated that attachment anxiety mediated the connection between escape drive, extrinsically focused thought, and smartphone addiction. Findings describe how attachment insecurities, smartphone use motivations, and alexithymia can interact with one another to predict smartphone addiction. Smartphone use motivation types and alexithymia symptoms should be taken into consideration when designing targeted intervention programs for smartphone addiction to address the different attachment needs of adolescents, which would be helpful to reduce their smartphone addiction behaviors.

How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model.

As a psychological resource of individuals, trait mindfulness is valuable in facilitating individuals to maintain attention intensity, increase efficiency, and alleviate stress and depression. It can also buffer against the risk factors of addictive behaviors. However, applied research combining trait mindfulness and smartphone addiction with the use of psychological resources is relatively scarce and needs further examination. We constructed a moderated mediation model based on compensatory Internet use and conservation of resources theory (OCR) to examine the effects of social anxiety on adolescent smartphone addiction and to describe how trait mindfulness "works" and "in what contexts it works better". We analyzed 1570 adolescent subjects through a multistage stratified sampling method. Our findings revealed that social anxiety positively predicted smartphone addiction, while trait mindfulness was negatively associated with it. Furthermore, trait mindfulness mitigated smartphone addiction by reducing social anxiety, suggesting a mediating effect of social anxiety on this relationship. Meanwhile, the mediating effect was more pronounced among adolescents with left-behind experience; we found that left-behind experience partially moderated the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction. Adolescents with left-behind experience had more significant compensatory media use with a higher risk of smartphone addiction. This study highlights the potential protective role of trait mindfulness in the development and maintenance of adolescent smartphone addiction. It provides empirical support for applying resource conservation theory and stress buffering theory in this context.

The relationship between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction among college students: The mediating effect of executive dysfunction.

Smartphone addiction symptom is increasing globally. Many studies have found that negative emotion is associated with smartphone addiction, but few explore the mediating effect of executive dysfunction. In a large-scale, cross-sectional survey, 421 Chinese college students completed measures on anxiety, depression, smartphone addiction, and executive dysfunction. We surveyed the prevalence of depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the questionnaire structure, and the mediation models were used to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. The main finding indicated that anxiety, depression, and executive dysfunction were positively and significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Executive dysfunction plays a mediation role between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction. Specifically, executive dysfunction completely mediates the pathway of anxiety and smartphone addiction and partly mediates the path of depression and smartphone addiction. Depression directly predicted smartphone addiction positively but anxiety did not. The sample consisted of Chinese college students, which limits generalizability and self-reported lack of objectivity. The result suggests that we should pay more attention to the mediating role of executive dysfunction between negative emotion and smartphone addiction.

Prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department (OPD) after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 117 OPD nurses between October and December 2021 using a purposive sampling technique. Two self-reported standardized scales, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and Insomnia Severity Index were used. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used. Pearson’s correlation and Scatter plot were used to determine the relationship between the study variables. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was also performed. Results: The majority of participants had slight smartphone addiction (78.6%) and suffered from sub-threshold to severe forms of insomnia (73.5%). A significant mild positive correlation was found between smartphone addiction and insomnia (r = 0.195, P &lt; 0.05). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis predicted factors such as female gender and exposure to smartphones for more than 5 years influencing smartphone addiction. A strong influence of exposure to the smartphone for more than 5 years was found on insomnia severity. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction and insomnia were identified problems among nurses working in the OPD after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring an urgent need to identify and manage various factors responsible for smartphone addiction and insomnia such as female gender and years of exposure to smartphones.

ASSOCIATION OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN SRI LANKAN YOUNG ADULTS

Smartphone addiction is a growing concern in modern technophilic society. The main objective of the present study was to explore the association of smartphone addiction with depression and anxiety in Sri Lankan young adults. The specifi c objective of the study was to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (Kown et al, b) into Sinhala and do a partial validation to adapt it in the Sri Lankan context. The study adopted a cross-sectional, non-experimental, and quantitative research design. The study sample consisted of  Sri Lankan young adults between the ages of  and  years who were active smartphone users. Data were collected exclusively online and the participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling techniques. The -item SAS-SV was used to assess smartphone addiction in the sample. The depression and anxiety subscales of DASS- (Lovibond &amp; Lovibond, ) were used to assess depression and anxiety of participants. A systematic and standard procedure was followed to translate the SAS-SV in to Sinhala and the content and consensual validity of the scale were established using the Delphi process. The translated SAS-SV Sinhala version demonstrated high internal consistency reliability of Cronbach’s alpha .. Pearson correlation coeffi cient was computed to assess the strength and direction of the linear relationship between smartphone addiction, depression, and anxiety. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the proportion of variance in smartphone addiction that could be explained by depression and anxiety. The results of correlation analysis indicated that depression and anxiety were signifi cantly and positively correlated to smartphone addiction. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that depression and anxiety signifi cantly predicted smartphone addiction. The fi ndings of the present study emphasize the importance of addressing the underlying psychological issues of young adults and encouraging them to productively use their smartphones.

The association between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical students

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction in medical students. In total, 513 medical students voluntarily completed a survey that included the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). Results showed that 321 participants were screened positive for smartphone addiction and the prevalence of smartphone addiction was 62.6%. We found that the prevalence of smartphone addiction was higher among male rather than female students (67.1% vs 58.2%; p = 0.039). There were significant differences between the smartphone addiction group and the smartphone non-addiction group as per the DASS-21 scores and the IAS scores. In addition, multiple regression indicated that psychological distress including anxiety, stress, depression, and social anxiety might be the predictors of smartphone addiction. However, smartphone addiction was found to have no significant correlation with academic performance in 274 undergraduate medical students. In conclusion, the study revealed the high prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students. Smartphone addiction was associated with states of depression, anxiety, stress, and social anxiety, and there was no significant relationship between academic performance and smartphone addiction in undergraduate medical students. Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress.

Fear of COVID-19 and Smartphone Addiction Among Turkish Adolescents: Mitigating Role of Resilience

The objective of the present study is to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the association between fear of COVID-19 and smartphone addiction in the era of COVID-19. Participants included 508 Turkish adolescents (53.9% girls; M = 17.78 ± 1.11 years) attending high schools or supplementary schools and completed measures of fear of COVID-19, smartphone addiction, and resilience. Girls reported higher scores on fear of COVID-19 and smartphone addiction and lower scores on resilience than their peers. Findings indicated that fear of COVID-19 significantly predicted resilience and smartphone addiction. Resilience also significantly predicted smartphone addiction. Mediation analysis showed that resilience partially mediated the relationship of fear of COVID-19 with smartphone addiction. Overall, current results suggest that high levels of fear of COVID-19 fuel the development of smartphone symptoms through reduced resilience. The fear of the COVID-19-smartphone addiction association appeared to be partially explained through resilience.

Predictors of Smartphone Addiction and Social Isolation among Jordanian Children and Adolescents Using SEM and ML

Smartphone addiction has become a major problem for everyone. According to recent studies, a considerable number of children and adolescents are more attracted to smartphones and exhibit addictive behavioral indicators, which are emerging as serious social problems. The main goal of this study is to identify the determinants that influence children’s smartphone addiction and social isolation among children and adolescents in Jordan. The theoretical foundation of this study model is based on constructs adopted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (i.e., perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), with social influence and trust adopted from the TAM extended model along with perceived enjoyment. In terms of methodology, the study uses data from 511 parents who responded via convenient sampling, and the data was collected via a survey questionnaire and used to evaluate the research model. To test the study hypotheses, the empirical validity of the research model was set up, and the data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 and AMOS 26 software. Structural equation modeling (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and machine learning (ML) methods were used to test the study hypotheses and validate the properties of the instrument items. The ML methods used are support vector machine (SMO), the bagging reduced error pruning tree (REPTree), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest. Several major findings were indicated by the results: perceived usefulness, trust, and social influence were significant antecedent behavioral intentions to use the smartphone. Also, findings prove that behavioral intention is statistically supported to have a significant influence on smartphone addiction. Furthermore, the findings confirm that smartphone addiction positively influences social isolation among Jordanian children and adolescents. Yet, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment did not have a significant effect on behavioral intention to use the smartphone among Jordanian children and adolescents. The research contributes to the body of knowledge and literature by empirically examining and theorizing the implications of smartphone addiction on social isolation. Further details of the study contribution, as well as research future directions and limitations, are presented in the discussion section.

Psychological Distress and Smartphone Addiction: Does Perceived Social Support Make a Difference

The smartphone is a double-edged sword for university students; it is a necessary tool for communication which also brings along negative consequences if used excessively. This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the prevalence rate of smartphone addiction among the undergraduates, to determine psychological distress as a significant predictor of smartphone addiction, and to examine perceived social support as a significant mediator in psychological distress and smartphone addiction. A total of 112 (61 females, 51 males) undergraduates in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, aged 18 to 24 years were selected through the purposive sampling method. Participants completed a set of questionnaires via Google Form consisting of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. SmartPLS (Partial Least Squares) which is based on the principles of path modeling and bootstrapping was employed to build the causal model. Results revealed that 66.10% of undergraduates were addicted to smartphones. Also, psychological distress significantly predicted smartphone addiction, with t-value = 7.423, p &lt; 0.001. However, perceived social support did not mediate the relationship between psychological distress and smartphone addiction, with t-value = -0.939, p &gt; 0.05. These findings imply that smartphones have become indispensable for undergraduates and the psychological distress of undergraduates should be given priority in reducing smartphone addiction. Suggestions are made for higher learning institutions to design intervention plans to reduce the psychological distress and smartphone addiction amongst university students.

Influence of smartphone use motives on smartphone addiction during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: the moderating effect of age.

With the development of science and technology, the phenomenon of smartphone addiction has become very common. However, smartphone addiction has adverse consequences. To date, few studies have examined psychological crises and smartphone use motives during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to age. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influences of different types of smartphone use motives on smartphone addiction and explore the moderating effect of age on adolescents and adults. A total of 1346 participants (600 adults and 746 adolescents) completed questionnaires on their motives for smartphone use and smartphone addiction. Results indicated significant positive correlations between smartphone use motives and smartphone addiction. In the moderation model, mood regulation, social relations, pastime, and conformity significantly and directly predicted smartphone addiction; however, perceived enjoyment did not. Age played a moderating role in the prediction of smartphone addiction. Teenagers and adults have different motives for smartphone use, and different motives have different effects on adolescents and adults. Adolescents have higher coping motivation and conformity motivation than adults, and for adolescents, perceived pleasure motivation has a significant impact on smartphone addiction. For adults, perceived pleasure and social relationship motivation have a significant impact on smartphone addiction. Therefore, interventions for smartphone addiction can be developed by investigating the motives of use among different people, and age should be considered when developing interventions for smartphone addiction.

‘Investigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction and social loneliness in high school students’

ABSTRACT This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction and social and emotional loneliness in high school students. It was planned to be descriptive and cross-sectional. This study was conducted between November and December 2019. ‘Student Identification Form’, ‘Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Form’ and Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale were used to collect data in the study. In the statistical analysis of the data, number, percentage values, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression were used. A statistically significant difference was found between school type, income status, daily internet usage time, the state of having a computer and smartphone, and smartphone addiction scale mean scores (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and social and emotional loneliness (r = 0.216, p = 0.001). Daily internet usage, smartphone usage time, and social media engagement predicted smartphone addiction by 36% (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school students.