Predictors Of Life Satisfaction Research Articles

The mediating role of community identity in the relationship between social class and life satisfaction: Evidence from Chinese community residents.

Research has shown that social class is an important predictor of life satisfaction. However, the underlying mechanism for this relationship is yet to be fully elucidated. The study examined the underlying mechanism based on the social identity approach to health. Study 1 recruited 577 community residents to complete self-report questionnaires. Correlation analysis showed that social class, community identity, and life satisfaction were positively correlated with each other. Regression analysis showed that community identity mediated the relationship. To increase the replicability and derive causal inference of the results, Study 2 was a randomized control trial (N = 76) that used the resource-availability task to manipulate subjective social class, and found that life satisfaction in the lower-class group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Further analysis showed that social class predicted life satisfaction through the mediating role of community identity. The findings provide potential strategies to enhance community residents' life satisfaction.

The Effect of Personality Factors on Social Appearance Anxiety and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of this research is to investigate the association between social appearance anxiety levels and the influence of different personality traits on life happiness. The study's sample consists of 488 university students registered in the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Bingol University, 221 (45.3%) of whom are female and 267 (54.7%) of whom are male. The Five Factor Personality Scale, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to gather data. The data was rigorously analyzed using the SPSS 26 program, as well as numerous statistical approaches and data analysis tools. The research findings indicate that the sub-dimensions of extraversion (β = -.111), agreeableness (β = -.159), self-control (β = .114), neuroticism (β = -.098), and openness to experience (β = -.324) appear to predict social appearance anxiety. Furthermore, the sub-dimensions of personality characteristics, extraversion (β = .149) and neuroticism (β = -.129), predict life satisfaction considerably. As a consequence, these findings show that personality characteristics have a major impact on people's social appearance, anxiety levels, and life happiness. Notably, subpersonality traits like extraversion and neuroticism play a decisive role in these effects.

Spiritual well-being, stress, and life satisfaction among healthcare workers in Indonesia: a study during Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between spiritual well-being, stress, and life satisfaction among 173 healthcare workers in Indonesia. The results of this study based on the bivariate analysis showed a significant positive relationship between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. Stress also had a significant negative correlation with life satisfaction. Multiple regression showed that spiritual well-being and stress predict life satisfaction with an effective contribution of 25.2%. Adding the communal domain increases the effective contribution to 27.5%, acting as a mediator. Each spiritual well-being domain correlated with life satisfaction. For sociodemography, it was only found that there were differences in life satisfaction level based on the residence zone. The study highlights the need for interventions integrating psychological and spiritual support to improve healthcare workers’ well-being. It also identifies differences in life satisfaction based on residence zones. Therefore, efforts to enhance the well-being of healthcare workers should involve multiple stakeholders.

The five factor model and life satisfaction: Examining the predictive and mediatory role of restorativeness indoors

Prolonged directed attention expends resources needed to perform everyday tasks, making time in restorative environments essential. Most restorativeness research takes place in outdoor settings, however, humans spend most of their waking hours indoors, necessitating a better understanding of restorativeness indoors. This study seeks to replicate relationships found between personality, restorativeness, and life satisfaction in outdoor environments in the indoor context. Additionally, we investigated if restorativeness predicted life satisfaction beyond personality and the mediatory role of restorativeness between personality and life satisfaction. Full-time undergraduate students (N = 615) from a private, Midwestern university completed an online survey assessing life satisfaction, the Big Five, and the restorativeness of 14 campus spaces. Results found all Big Five traits significantly predicted restorativeness (p < .05) and all but openness significantly predicted life satisfaction (p < .001). Hierarchical regression results demonstrated restorativeness significantly predicted life satisfaction beyond personality (p < .001). Structural equation modeling revealed restoration mediated the relationship between two Big Five traits and life satisfaction. Restoration fully mediated agreeableness (p < .001) and partially mediated extraversion (p < .05). Findings extend previous research from outdoor settings in indoor environments and add the understanding that restorativeness appears to be a mechanism through which some personality traits work to enhance cognitive appraisals of life. Given the critical role of directed attention, restorative spaces are essential for successful task completion. This research highlights the need for diverse indoor environments to facilitate the recovery of attention resources for a variety of personalities and to enhance satisfaction with life.

Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global society, leading to negative well-being and mental health outcomes. However, little is known about how COVID-19-related anxiety affects life satisfaction through psychological factors. This study examined the mediating roles of meaning in life and loneliness in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction in 333 Turkish general population (59.2% females; Mage = 33.9 ± 7.8). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 anxiety, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and loneliness. The results showed that COVID-19 anxiety predicted meaning in life, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Meaning in life predicted loneliness and life satisfaction, while loneliness predicted life satisfaction. Serial mediation analysis revealed that COVID-19 anxiety predicts life satisfaction through meaning in life and loneliness, even after controlling for age and gender. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction, with implications for future research and practice.

Psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) in adults from Colombia

The 7-item Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) measures the extent of an individual’s appreciation of their body for what it can do and is capable of doing. Although the FAS has been widely used in diverse linguistic contexts, it has not been previously translated into Spanish. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Spanish translation of the FAS in Colombian adults. A total of 1420 university students from Colombia (804 women, 616 men) completed the FAS, as well as additional validated measures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in separate subsamples supported a unidimensional model of FAS scores. The FAS evidenced scalar invariance across gender identity, with men having significantly higher FAS scores than women (Cohen’s d = 0.18). FAS scores were also found to have adequate composite reliability, as well as adequate convergent (significant associations with body appreciation, appearance evaluation, and eating disorder psychopathology) and concurrent validity (significant associations with self-esteem, life satisfaction, and gratitude). Functionality appreciation incrementally predicted life satisfaction in women, but not in men. Overall, these results suggest that the Spanish FAS is a psychometrically valid and reliable tool for the assessment of functionality appreciation in university-aged populations from Colombia.

Celebrity-Persona and its Effects on Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction

The study was conducted to examine Celebrity-Persona and its Effects on Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction among university students. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 416 individuals, who were investing more than 5 hours a day on fictional content like novels, movies, dramas, and professional stars (e.g., singers, athletes, actors); 239 male participants and 177 female participants. Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, &amp; Griffin, 1985), Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale (CPPI) (Bocarnea &amp; Brown, 2007) and Six-Item State Self Esteem Scale (Heartherton &amp; Polivy, 1991) were used to measure life satisfaction and celebrity persona parasocial interaction and self-esteem respectively. Life satisfaction has significant positive correlation with celebrity persona parasocial interaction and self-esteem. Parasocial interaction has positive correlation with self-esteem. Excessive exposure to fiction content is negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Simple linear regression analysis showed excessive exposure to fiction content as a predictor of life satisfaction and self-esteem among university students. Celebrity persona parasocial interaction worked as a significant mediator in the relationship between excessive exposure to fiction content and satisfaction with life among university students. Independent sample t-test showed that male students have higher life satisfaction than female students.

Psychological Distress Mediates the Relationship Between Social Support and Satisfaction with Life

University students are susceptible to psychological issues due to various academic and social stressors. Low life satisfaction among university students can bring about various negative outcomes that can impact their overall well-being and academic success. This study aims at examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between social support and life satisfaction. This cross-sectional study included 368 (F= 243, 66%; M= 125, 34%) university students from a public university in Yozgat, Turkey. The data were collected using the Brief Symptom Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The findings demonstrated that social support positively predicted life satisfaction and negatively predicted psychological distress. In addition, psychological distress negatively predicted life satisfaction. Moreover, the SEM analysis indicated that psychological distress played a partial mediating role in the association between social support and life satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of addressing social support and psychological distress in interventions aimed at increasing life satisfaction.

Effects of Social Networking Sites Usage on Chinese Students’ Life Satisfaction in Malaysia: Cultural Identity as a Mediator

Social networking sites (SNSs) serve as a powerful tool for international students to adapt to the host country and improve life satisfaction. However, the use of SNSs also brings negative influences on their life satisfaction. Additionally, the mechanisms by which this occurs are still unclear. This study employed an online cross-sectional survey of 267 Chinese students in Malaysia to explore the relationship between SNSs usage (usage engagement and acculturation usage) and life satisfaction by considering the mediating effect of host cultural identity and ethnic cultural identity. Data analysis relied on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and AMOS software. The findings showed that SNSs usage engagement and two cultural identities helped to improve life satisfaction. Moreover, two cultural identities can explain how SNSs usage engagement influences life satisfaction. Contrary to expectations, acculturation usage had a non-significant influence on life satisfaction. However, under the mediating effect of host cultural identity, acculturation usage positively predicted life satisfaction. The research can provide references for the Malaysian government and educational institutions when introducing relevant policies to promote the life satisfaction of international students. The shortcomings and possibilities for future research are also discussed.

Examining the integrated broaden-and-build model of positive emotions involving hope in a community sample of Argentinian adults: A selective test among victims of interpersonal aggression

The present study sought to provide a test of the integrated broaden-and-build model of positive emotions that incorporates components of hope (agency & pathways) as hypothesized predictors of life satisfaction in a community sample of 171 (137 female & 34 male) Argentinian adults who have been victims of interpersonal aggression. Results of testing for mediation, controlling for negative mood, indicated that positive mood had indirect effects on life satisfaction through hope agency, but not through hope pathways. Importantly, the direct effect of positive mood on life satisfaction became nonsignificant after accounting for hope. Thus, we found evidence for full mediation involving hope agency. Taken together, these findings provide further evidence for the importance of hope agency, but not hope pathways, as an important mechanism that might account for how positive mood fosters well-being in diverse adult populations.

Examining predictors and outcomes of future decent work perception among Nigerian emerging adults

High levels of poverty and unemployment are pervasive barriers to Nigerian emerging adults entering the job market. The current study employed the Psychology of Working Theory to explore career engagement, academic satisfaction, and life satisfaction predictors in a nation experiencing the intersections of high poverty and high unemployment rate. We tested a model predicting these outcomes from economic constraints and marginalization mediated by work volition, career adaptability, and perceptions of future decent work. We administered online surveys to 310 undergraduates in Nigeria. Career adaptability and work volition predicted the perception of future access to decent work. Also, those who reported higher chances of securing decent work after graduation reported greater academic and life satisfaction and career engagement. While economic constraints predicted career adaptability in this model, marginalization did not predict career adaptability. In contrast with previous studies, economic constraints, and marginalization were not predictive of work volition or future decent work perception. We also found a positive relationship between economic challenges and career adaptability against the propositions of the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT). The implications of our findings were discussed.

Understanding Key Predictors of Life Satisfaction in a Nationally Representative Sample of Koreans.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that predict life satisfaction in a large representative sample of Koreans by analyzing data from the Gallup World Poll. The primary objective was to identify important predictors and suggest strategies to improve quality of life in Korea. The study used available Korean data from 2006 to 2017, which included 14,101 participants (mean age = 46.42). Predictors included demographic and psychological variables, with the Cantril Ladder of Life Scale serving as the outcome variable. The results show a decline in life satisfaction with advancing age, and that the relationship between life satisfaction and age varied by gender. Among the predictors examined, satisfaction with the standard of living and household income emerged as the most influential factors in determining life evaluation; other strong predictors included positive affect and negative affect, social support, gender, and education level. These results imply that, to increase life satisfaction, it is imperative to provide job opportunities and social services specifically targeted to individuals in low-income groups. In addition, it is crucial to implement tailored psychosocial interventions that address the unique developmental tasks and psychological challenges experienced by individuals according to their gender and life cycle stage.

Is Good Character All that Counts? A Comparison Between the Predictive Role of Specific Strengths and a General Factor of “Good Character” Using a Bifactor Model

Character strengths have been found to consistently predict many positive psychological outcomes, such as well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health, but research on the topic is still at its infancy and some methodological limitations must be overcome to better understand what character strengths are and what is their role. One main issue concerns the structure of character strengths and virtues, which may undermine the credibility and replicability of previous findings. Using two different samples (with 13,439 and 944 participants), we confirm that character strengths can be well described by a bifactor model reflecting the simultaneous existence of a general factor of ‘good character’ and the 24 specific character strengths. We found that the general factor consistently predicts participants’ life satisfaction, mental health, and distress symptoms. In addition, we show that the specific character strengths (with the few exceptions represented by gratitude, hope, and zest) do not predict life satisfaction and mental health above and beyond the general factor. These results highlight the need to better understand what this general factor really represents to finally capture the mechanisms linking character strengths between each other and with external outcomes. Implications for the measurement and interpretation of character strengths and for strength-based interventions are discussed.

Student Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1984770

Background Following a traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), patients prioritize being able to manage their bowels independently. A reduction of independence can impact an individual’s quality of life. The current study investigates the relationships between sphincter control, level of independence and quality of life. We hypothesized that sphincter control would relate strongly to levels of independence and quality of life. Methods Adults with tSCI who consented to participate in the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry at the Lyndhurst Rehabilitation Centre completed community follow-up interviews from 2014-2021. Data was collected at baseline, year 1, 2 and 5 (n = 330). Descriptive data and neurological level of injury (NLI) were collected, along with the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSAT-11), 36-item Short Form Survey Quality of Life measures (SF-36v2) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM). Separate analyses were conducted for NLI C1-T10 (upper motor neuron [UMN] [n=280]), and T11-S5 (lower motor neuron [LMN] [n=50]). Associations between sphincter management and life satisfaction were calculated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, adjusted for age and sex. Results SCIM had a moderate, yet significant relationship with LiSAT-11 (r2=0.48, p&amp;lt;0.001) for LMN, but no relationship for UMN (r2= 0.17, p&amp;lt;0.001). A weak relationship was observed between SCIM and SF-36v2 for LMN (r2=0.30, p=0.014) but no relationship for UMN (r2=0.01, p=0.59). Conclusion Sphincter management scores after rehabilitation discharge are not a strong predictor of life satisfaction following tSCI suggesting that a multifaceted approach is required to assess an individuals’ quality of life post tSCI.

Balancing Success and Struggle: Examining the Relationship between COVID-19 and Life Satisfaction of High Achieving University Students

The aim of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns affected high achieving university students in the United States. The study used a sample of 10 high achieving university students from the United States, and used academic performance, physical activity, technology use, uncertainty, and stress as predictors of life satisfaction. These predictors, as well as perceived life satisfaction, were measured using a 10 point Likert scale and then participants were asked to elaborate on their personal experiences during the pandemic in a semi structured interview. T-values and pearson correlation coefficients were then calculated to determine correlations between measure values. Furthermore, the interviews were analyzed using thematic coding to identify common themes or patterns in the participants' experiences. It was found that there was a general decrease in life satisfaction during the pandemic and uncertainty and social isolation played the most significant roles in this negative trend.

Individual and contextual predictors of young Ukrainian adults' subjective well-being during the Russian-Ukrainian war.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by horrific losses among civilians. This study investigates various individual (hope, optimism, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and coping strategies) and contextual predictors (experience of life under occupation, actively hostile home environment, and frequent moves) of subjective well-being among the youth living in Ukraine. A total sample of 593 students from several universities participated in the study using surveys that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life satisfaction, hope, optimism, personal post-traumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI software. The level of dissatisfaction with their own lives was 34.7%; most of the respondents had a higher incidence of minimal/mild hopelessness (88.7%) and high/moderate level of optimism (60.9%). The majority of participants had moderate and high levels of post-traumatic growth (51.9% and 6.7%, respectively) and resilience (46.0% and 14.5%, respectively). Optimism, hope, resilience, post-traumatic growth, using emotional support, and life in occupation predicted life satisfaction among the study sample.

Happily ever after for coupled and single adults: A comparative study using latent profile analysis

Many people believe that “living happily ever after” involves finding a romantic partner. Regardless, it seems obvious that at least some single people are happier than some coupled people. But how likely is it, and what factors predict whether singles will be as happy as their coupled peers? The present paper addressed these questions via a secondary analysis of an existing cross-sectional dataset ( N = 2,000) of coupled ( n = 1,438) and single ( n = 562) adults. We identified 10 candidate predictors of life satisfaction, seven of which were significant in multiple regression models. Using the seven significant predictors as indicators in latent profile analysis (LPA), we identified four distinct profiles (or groups) of coupled adults and six distinct profiles of single adults. We then further conceptualized these profiles in terms of interpersonal indicators (friend satisfaction, closest friend intimacy, family satisfaction, and romantic satisfaction) and intrapersonal indicators (self-esteem, perceived stress, and physical health). Some profiles had very favorable levels of interpersonal and intrapersonal indicators and some had very unfavorable levels, while several profiles fell in between the two extremes with a range of nuances. Overall, people with favorable levels were happier than those with unfavorable levels—regardless of their relationship status, but disadvantages in one area (e.g., self-esteem) could be offset by advantages in another area (e.g., friendship satisfaction). Most importantly, in comparing single and coupled profiles directly, we found that the vast majority of single adults follow a range of life satisfaction patterns (from happy to unhappy) that is nearly identical to that of their coupled peers.

Effects of death anxiety and aggression on life satisfaction in the COVID-19 era: Comparisons between different generations and different socioeconomic statuses in Thailand

According to Terror Management Theory and Frustration-Aggression Theory/Hypothesis, during the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals could feel more death anxiety and aggression, leading to less life satisfaction. This study included 419 participants aged in the intervals of 18–80 years. Results showed that death anxiety and aggression negatively predicted life satisfaction. Additionally, perceived socioeconomic status could positively predict life satisfaction; however, actual socioeconomic status could not. Perceived socioeconomic status interacted with death anxiety to predict life satisfaction.

Life Satisfaction and Negative Affect Among Trans Men, Trans Women, and Nonbinary Individuals in a U.S. National Sample.

Purpose: Transgender and nonbinary individuals often have limited educational and economic resources, lack social capital such as family and community support, and face discrimination. These factors are likely to have negative consequences for subjective well-being of transgender individuals. Yet, there is limited research using a national sample and comparing trans women, trans men, and nonbinary individuals. This study examined the impact of social support, social belonging, transgender connectedness, and discrimination on trans and nonbinary individuals' life satisfaction and negative affect. Methods: We used data from TransPop 2016-2018, the first survey conducted on a national probability sample of the transgender population in the United States. We focused on measures of life satisfaction and negative affect and their predictors, including social belonging, transgender connectedness, and everyday discrimination. Results: We found that trans men, trans women, and nonbinary individuals had lower life satisfaction and higher negative affect than cisgender heterosexual individuals. Social belonging had a positive effect on trans men and trans women's life satisfaction, whereas it had a negative effect on trans men and nonbinary individuals' negative emotion. While family support had a positive effect on trans men's life satisfaction, social support had mixed effects on nonbinary individuals' life satisfaction and negative affect. Finally, everyday discrimination had a negative influence on life satisfaction although there was variation by gender identity and dependent measure. Conclusion: Different factors predicted life satisfaction and negative affect of trans men, trans women, and nonbinary people. Thus, a one-size-fits-all model of trans and nonbinary subjective well-being does not work.

Estimating the association between Facebook adoption and well-being in 72 countries.

Social media's potential effects on well-being have received considerable research interest, but much of past work is hampered by an exclusive focus on demographics in the Global North and inaccurate self-reports of social media engagement. We describe associations linking 72 countries' Facebook adoption to the well-being of 946 798 individuals from 2008 to 2019. We found no evidence suggesting that the global penetration of social media is associated with widespread psychological harm: Facebook adoption predicted life satisfaction and positive experiences positively, and negative experiences negatively, both between countries and within countries over time. Nevertheless, the observed associations were small and did not reach a conventional 97.5% one-sided credibility threshold in all cases. Facebook adoption predicted aspects of well-being more positively for younger individuals, but country-specific results were mixed. To move beyond studying aggregates and to better understand social media's roles in people's lives, and their potential causal effects, we need more transparent collaborative research between independent scientists and the technology industry.