Predictors Of Credibility Research Articles

Pyroptosis-related gene mediated modification patterns and immune cell infiltration landscapes in cutaneous melanoma to aid immunotherapy

Tumor occurrence, infiltration, and metastasis are significantly affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Increasing evidence has elucidated TME’s clinical significance in prognostic assessment and immunotherapy efficacy. Nonetheless, no studies have reported the potential pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) function in TME immune cell infiltration. In this study, we systematically analyzed different PRG modification patterns in 685 cutaneous melanoma (CM) cases. We comprehensively explored the relationship between these PRG modification patterns and TME cell infiltration characteristics. Then, we used principal component analysis to construct a pyroptosis scoring system to quantify the PRG modification patterns in each CM patient. Three different PRG modification patterns were identified. Pyroptosis score was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for CM patients. High pyroptosis score was characterized by high immunophenscore and more lymphocytes infiltration, such as T, B, and NK cells - indicating a strong ability to monitor and clear tumors, which may be responsible for the advantageous survival. Three independent cohorts that received immunotherapy confirmed the significant therapeutic efficacy and clinical benefit in high pyroptosis scores patients. This study revealed that the PRG modification patterns have a crucial effect on the CM complex and diverse microenvironment. Pyroptosis scores might serve as credible predictors of immunotherapy response and prognostic assessment. This provides a new direction for personalized immunotherapy strategies and appropriate immunotherapy candidates screening.

The impact of weather conditions on everyday cycling with different bike types in parents of young children participating in the CARTOBIKE randomized controlled trial

Knowledge about how weather conditions affect travel behavior in different user groups and contexts is relevant for planners and policymakers to facilitate sustainable transportation systems. We aimed to assess the influence of day-to-day weather on cycling for transportation among parents of young children with access to different bike types (e-bike vs non e-bike) in a natural study setting over nine months. We hypothesized less impact of weather variability on cycling when using an e-bike compared with a non e-bike. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Southern Norway. The intervention group (n = 18) was in random order equipped with an e-bike with trailer for child transportation (n = 6), a cargo (longtail) bike (n = 6) and a traditional bike with trailer (n = 6), each for three months. These 18 participants reported cycling on 832 out of 3276 person-days (25%). We used dynamic structural equation modeling for intensive longitudinal data to examine the relations between daily weather conditions, bike type (e-bike vs traditional bike), and cycling (dichotomized daily at yes or no). Air temperature (positively) and wind speed (negatively) were both credible predictors of cycling, whereas the other predictors (precipitation in the morning (yes or no) and presence of snow (yes or no) were not. We added interaction terms between bike type and weather conditions, but none of the interaction terms had a credible effect on cycling. Thus, the relations between weather conditions and cycling were not moderated by bike type among parents of young children.

Mental health prevalence and predictors among university students in nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national study

The student population has been highly vulnerable to the risk of mental health deterioration during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and predictors of mental health among students in Poland, Slovenia, Czechia, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Turkey, Israel, and Colombia in a socioeconomic context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted among 2349 students (69% women) from May–July 2020. Data were collected by means of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Standard & Poor's Global Ratings, the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), and a sociodemographic survey. Descriptive statistics and Bayesian multilevel skew-normal regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of high stress, depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms in the total sample was 61.30%, 40.3%, and 30%, respectively. The multilevel Bayesian model showed that female sex was a credible predictor of PSS-10, GAD-7, and PHQ-8 scores. In addition, place of residence (town) and educational level (first-cycle studies) were risk factors for the PHQ-8. This study showed that mental health issues are alarming in the student population. Regular psychological support should be provided to students by universities.

Predictors of Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Demanding High Oxygen Flow: A Thin Line between Inflammation, Cytokine Storm, and Coagulopathy.

Introduction Mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients remains relatively high despite different potential therapeutic modalities being introduced recently. The treatment of critically ill patients is a challenging task, without identified credible predictors of mortality. Methods We performed an analysis of 160 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit between June 23, 2020, and October 2, 2020, in University Hospital Center Bezanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia. Patients on invasive, noninvasive ventilation and high flow oxygen therapy with moderate to severe ARDS, according to the Berlin definition of ARDS, were selected for the study. Demographic data, past medical history, laboratory values, and CT severity score were analyzed to identify predictors of mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess potential predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Results The mean patient age was 65.6 years (range, 29–92 years), predominantly men, 68.8%. 107 (66.9%) patients were on invasive mechanical ventilation, 31 (19.3%) on noninvasive, and 22 (13.8%) on high flow oxygen therapy machine. The median total number of ICU days was 10 (25th to 75th percentile: 6–18), while the median total number of hospital stay was 18 (25th to 75th percentile: 12–28). The mortality rate was 60% (96/160). Univariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the significance of age, CRP, and lymphocytes at admission to hospital, serum albumin, D-dimer, and IL-6 at admission to ICU, and CT score. Serum albumin, D-dimer, and IL-6 at admission to ICU were independently associated with mortality in the final multivariate analysis. Conclusion In the present study of 160 consecutive critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS, IL-6, serum albumin, and D-dimer at admission to ICU, accompanied by chest CT severity score, were marked as independent predictors of mortality.

The reliable predictors of severe weight loss during the radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer

Side effects of severe weight loss during radiation therapy and its definitive risk factors are the significant complexities of cancer treatment. This study aimed to identify the reliable predictors of severe weight loss during three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in head and neck cancer patients. Weight changes during radiotherapy were investigated on 87 patients. Tumor site, T-stage, BMI, age, smoking, treatment modality, and prior surgery were considered as effective factors. During the 3D-CRT, 78.7% of patients experienced weight loss (p<0.001). The risk of weight loss was higher in patients with cancer in the larynx and oral cavity. Severe weight loss (≥5% during the radiation course) was observed in 47.8% of patients. There was the highest risk of severe weight loss in patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy with previous surgical resection (83.3%). The incidence of severe weight loss in normal-weight patients compared to overweight patients was significant. Severe weight loss was more common at higher doses and in younger patients. BMI regardless of body composition is not a credible predictor. Advanced tumor stage and combined treatment modality in head and neck cancer patients which result in synergizing of treatment toxicities, can be used as the reliable risk factors of severe weight loss during radiotherapy.

Sensory information in children’s statements of sexual abuse

The credibility of children’s statements of sexual abuse is a controversial issue in forensic psychiatry and psychology. Neurobiological and clinical laboratory studies show that real memories contain more information regarding sensory details than false memories. The goal of the present field study was to evaluate whether sensory information was present in children’s statements of sexual abuse, and whether this information was more often present in credible statements compared with non-credible statements. Sensory details were extracted from a sample of 96 statements of sexual abuse from children; 62 statements were considered credible and 34 statements were considered non-credible. This study showed that sensory information was present in 79% of children’s reports of child sexual abuse. Sensory information was significantly more often present in statements considered credible compared with non-credible statements (85.5%, P < 0.001), but there were large variations in the sense involved. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of at least one sensory detail may be a good predictor of credibility (odds ratio, OR = 23.484, P < 0.05). It seems appropriate to include sensory details when assessing the credibility of children’s statements of child sexual abuse, but it has not yet been demonstrated that use of such details significantly improves the validity of credibility assessments.

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF CHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a major cause of disability and mortality. That is why studying the prognostic factors of combination of these diseases is very relevant. There are many researches regarding the inflammation component of the development of atherosclerosis in patients with CCS and T2DM. It is still unknown how exactly does chronic systemic inflammation influences cardiac remodeling in such patients. The Aim: Considering the aforementioned, the aim of our study was to asses the prognostic role of serum sST2, highsensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and TMAO as markers of chronic systemic inflammation and ins insulin resistance in patients with CCS and T2DM. Material and methods: 90 patients were enrolled, among them 30 patients with CCS: stable angina, class ІІ-ІІІ (group І) and 60 patients with CCS: stable angina, class ІІ-ІІІ and T2DM, non-insulin-requiring (group ІІ). The study was performed in Ivano-Frankivsk Central City Hospital and City Hospital No 1 (Ukraine) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and Good Clinical Practice Guideline. All patients gave written informed consent and the local ethics committee approved the study protocol. The patients were tested for the following: glycated hemoglobin (НbА1c), total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), TMAO, sST2, hs-CRP. Results and discussion: Patients with CCS and concomitant T2DM have higher levels of markers of systemic inflammation response, including TMAO by 8.5 times, sST2 by 2.2, hs-CRP by 19.1, compared with healthy individuals. Conclusions: Patients with CCS and concomitant T2DM have more “atherogenic” dyslipidemia compared with the patients with isolated CCS, including statistically significant higher levels of triglycerides (р&lt;0.05), VLDL (р&lt;0.05), and atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP) (р&lt;0.05), and lower level of HDL(р&lt;0.05). Results of this study suggest the possible use of ST2 as diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with stable angina, including patients with concomitant T2DM. ST2 level &gt; 35 ng/mL is negative prognostic marker concerning the development of chronic heart failure and testament for the need of more thorough examination of such patients. The level of TMAO can also be another credible predictor of negative prognosis of CCS.

Identification of key genes and multiple molecular pathways of metastatic process in prostate cancer.

BackgroundCancer metastasis is well known as the most adverse outcome and the major cause of mortality in cancer patients, including prostate cancer (PCa). There are no credible predictors, to this day, that can reflect the metastatic ability of localized PCa. In the present study, we firstly identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular pathways involved in the metastaic process of PCa by comparing gene expressions of metastaic PCa with localized PCa directly, with the purpose of identifying potential markers or therapeutic targets.MethodsThe gene expression profiles (GSE6919 and GSE32269) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 141 tissue samples, including 87 primary localized PCa samples and 54 metastaic PCa samples. After data processing, DEGs were identified by R language using the Student’s t-test adjusted via the Beniamini–Hochberg method. Subsequently, the gene ontology functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed and the protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Hub genes were identified using the plug-in cytoHubba in Cytoscape software by MCC and degree. Furthermore, validation and prognostic significance analysis of the hub genes were performed by UALCAN and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA).ResultsA total of 90 DEGs were identified between localized and metastaic PCa, which consisted of 47 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include catabolic process, cell cycle, response to steroid hormone, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and vascular smooth muscle contraction. A total of 10 genes were identified as hub genes and biological process analysis of hub genes showed that cell cycle phase, cell division, and mitotic cell cycle process were mainly enriched. The expression of hub genes were confirmed in metastaic PCa when compared with localized PCa tissues by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, the disease-free survival analysis of hub genes revealed that these genes may play an important role in invasion, progression or recurrence. Therefore, these hub genes might be the key genes contributed to tumor progression or metastasis in PCa and provide candidate therapeutic targets for PCa.ConclusionsThe present study identified some DEGs between localized and metastaic PCa tissue samples. These key genes might be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the metastaic process of PCa.

When the fear of dentist is relevant for more than one's oral health. A structural equation model of dental fear, self-esteem, oral-health-related well-being, and general well-being.

PurposeTo develop and test a complex model that captures the individuals’ general well-being and the specific oral-health-related well-being. We were specifically interested, as a specific research question, if self-esteem, dental fear, and the oral health-related well-being are credible predictors for the general well-being.Patients and methodsA one-time associative research design measured dental-specific anxiety, self-esteem, oral-health-related specific well-being, and general well-being in 281 participants, 3rd and 6th year dental students (MAge =22.59 years, SDAge =3.13; 55% females), which completed a battery of relevant questionnaires: the Dental Fear Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Image Scale, the short form of Oral Health Impact Profile, and the Flourishing Scale. The data were subject to structural equation modeling in order to validate potential pathways of influence hypothesized based on previous evidence from the literature.ResultsWe developed and tested a complex structural equations model, in which dental fear influences both the specific oral-health-related well-being and the persons’ self-esteem. In turn, self-esteem mediates the influence pathways between dental fear and oral-health-specific well-being, on the one hand, and the overall well-being, on the other hand.ConclusionOur research contributes directly to strengthening the theoretical basis for future interdisciplinary research, by providing, first, a tested and replicable model that surpasses the simple correlation or prediction, and second, empirical evidence for the significant mutual interdependence between psychological experiences, eg, self-esteem, and the two main aspects of well-being, ie, specific and general. From a practical, clinical viewpoint, our research provides further insights and justification for the importance of educating the patient, on all levels, from the individual clinical practice to community programs and public oral health policies, with respect to the importance of oral health.

Influence of betrayal trauma on borderline personality disorder traits

ABSTRACTRecent research has linked traumatic experiences with a high degree of betrayal with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Much of this research has operationalized BPD in terms of diagnostic symptoms, which contrasts with recent approaches to understanding personality disorders (PDs) in terms of maladaptive personality traits. In this study we examine the influence of traumatic experiences with varying levels of betrayal on BPD assessed via maladaptive personality traits in a sample of college students (N = 915) using a Bayesian approach to structural equation modeling. Results suggest that trauma with a high degree of betrayal (high betrayal trauma) was the only credible predictor of BPD traits when other traumatic experiences (medium and low betrayal trauma) were taken into account, and that this effect did not vary across sex. Future research directions and clinical implications are also discussed.

Predictors of credibility of online media in the Spanish polarized media system

Credibility of online news media is facing important challenges: the levelling effect of the digital environment, the changing habits of consumption, polarization of discourses... This scenario makes it relevant to address what features of news brands and news content shape the credibility of contemporary journalism. This article tests a set of items, including journalistic standards, reputation and citizen participation, in order to build predictors involved in credibility judgments. The authors carried on a quantitative survey (n=416), representative of the Spanish online population. Results identified currency of information, inclusion of analysis and context, citation of sources and inclusion of links to primary sources as the most significant predictors of credibility judgements; it also showed that engaged respondents rely on news brand reputation and individual journalists´ reputation and do not take into account ideological affinity with editorial lines of media. Participation in the media did not prove to be relevant in shaping aggregated judgments of credibility.

Governance through Global Networks and Corporate Signaling

The article exposes a new form of global governance based on an emergent network of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes. Our study is the first to uncover the network structure of this system, based on a dataset that includes 61 transnational CSR schemes and 31,987 firms. We demonstrate that the network exhibits a significant level of cohesiveness, despite having evolved outside the formal framework of the international treaty system. Drawing on social network analysis, we find a positive correlation between the sustainability performance of the firms, their membership in CSR schemes, and their network characteristics. We show that membership in multiple schemes and the firms’ position in the CSR-schemes network constitute credible predictors of their sustainability performance, generating a separating equilibrium that distinguishes top CSR performers from low ones. We develop a model that explains the effectiveness of the CSR-schemes network, based on the network synergistic properties and on a distinctive signaling dynamic. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of CSR to the resolution of global governance dilemmas.

Governance through global networks and corporate signaling

AbstractThis article exposes a new form of global governance based on an emergent network of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes. Our study is the first to uncover the network structure of this system, based on a dataset that includes 61 transnational CSR schemes and 31,987 firms. We demonstrate that the network exhibits a significant level of cohesiveness, despite having evolved without any form of hierarchical control. Drawing on a social network analysis, we find a positive correlation among the sustainability performance of the firms, their membership in CSR schemes, and their network characteristics. We show that membership in multiple schemes and the firms’ position in the CSR‐schemes network constitute credible predictors of their sustainability performance, generating a separating equilibrium that distinguishes high from low CSR performers. We develop a model that explains the effectiveness of the CSR‐schemes network based on the synergistic properties of the network and on a distinctive signaling dynamic. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of CSR to the resolution of global governance dilemmas.

Topographic and Seismic Constraints on the Vulnerability of Himalayan Hydropower

AbstractWe compiled damages to hydropower projects (HPPs) in the wake of Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its main aftershock. Based on 41 records of HPP losses, we identify the main mechanisms determining the degree of loss. We show that, among these mechanisms, earthquake‐triggered landslides had the largest share. Landslides clustered where peak ground acceleration and river steepness Mχ, a metric frequently used in tectonic geomorphology, attain high values. A Bayesian logistic regression reveals that both metrics are credible predictors for HPP damage states. Our study underscores the vulnerability of Himalayan hydropower to landsliding. We estimate that ~25% of existing, currently constructed, and planned HPPs and &gt;10% of potential HPP sites along Himalayan rivers have high probabilities of moderate to severe damage during future earthquake. Our study highlights that HPP hazard assessments need to consider both seismic and the geomorphic setting of HPP sites conjunctively.

Early Stable Sinus Rhythm Associated With Greater Success 5 Years After Surgical Ablation

An important challenge in surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is the scarcity of publications on credible predictors of long-term success in procedures performed with ablation tools that produce consistently reliable transmural lesions. We examined factors associated with 1-year success and no atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrence during 1 to 5 years after surgical ablation for AF. The study prospectively monitored 743 surgical ablation patients with complete rhythm follow-up at 12 months after the operation. No detected AA was defined as no known recurrence of AA, no cardioversions, and no catheter ablations at all available follow-up assessments. Patients were a mean age of 64.7 years, and 32% were women. Patients with no detected AA during the first year after surgical ablation were more likely to maintain sinus rhythm without recurrence during 1 to 5 years (74% vs 28%, p < 0.001) and to be in sinus rhythm off medication at 5 years (80% vs 53%, p < 0.001). Mixed-model logistic regression revealed that lower risk for AA recurrence during 1 to 5 years was associated with no detected AA during the first 12 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.11; p < 0.001) and surgeon experience with 50 or more cases (OR, 0.63; p= 0.043), whereas older age (OR, 1.03; p< 0.001) and longer preoperative AF duration (OR, 1.04; p= 0.043) were associated with greater risk for AA recurrence. Most patients with no detected AA throughout the first 12 months after surgical ablation continued to be recurrence free for 5 years. Younger age, shorter preoperative AF duration, and greater surgeon experience may be associated with more persistent surgical correction of AF.

The determinants and consequences of website credibility in e-retailing: examining the roles of ethical issues

In the e-tailing context, little is known about ethical determinants of consumers' perceptions of the credibility of a retailer's website (i.e., website credibility). Thus, this study examines the impact of ethical issues (i.e., privacy, security, fulfilment, and non-deception) on website credibility and its subsequent influence on consumers' attitudes toward site and behavioural intentions. Results show that fulfilment and non-deception are related positively to website credibility, which ultimately influences consumers' attitudes toward retailer's website. However, security and privacy were not significant predictors of website credibility. Attitude toward the website is significantly related to purchase intent, revisit intent, and positive word-of-mouth.

Public Knowledge and Credibility Perceptions of the FDA as a Tobacco Regulator.

Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was granted regulatory authority over tobacco products in 2009, few studies have examined perceived credibility of the FDA in this role. The current study assessed knowledge and credibility of the FDA as a regulator of tobacco products. In a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 4758), we assessed knowledge that the FDA regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of cigarettes, and credibility of the FDA as a tobacco regulator. We examined demographic differences in knowledge and credibility, and associations of knowledge and trust in government with credibility perceptions. Less than half of respondents reported knowing the FDA regulates how cigarettes are sold (46.8%) and advertised (49.7%), and only 36.0% knew the FDA regulates how cigarettes are made, with few demographic differences. Respondents reported that the FDA was moderately credible in regulating tobacco. Knowledge of the FDA as a tobacco regulator and trust in government were the strongest predictors of credibility. Being of younger age, being White (compared to African American), and being male were associated with higher credibility ratings of the FDA. Much of the public still does not know that the FDA regulates tobacco products, and credibility perceptions are moderate. Greater knowledge of the FDA's regulatory role was associated with higher credibility; efforts that increase the public's understanding of the FDA's role as a tobacco regulator may positively impact views of the agency's credibility. This may in turn improve public reception to the FDA's messages and regulations. This study is the first to show nationally representative estimates of both knowledge and credibility of the FDA as a tobacco regulator. Our research shows further that knowledge of the FDA's tobacco regulatory roles is likely to be an important factor related to perceived credibility of the FDA. Increasing the public's knowledge of the FDA's roles may enhance the agency's credibility, which can improve public reception to messages and regulations.

What you wear does not affect the credibility of your treatment: A blinded randomized controlled study

ObjectiveProfessional appearance is easily modifiable, and might alter the effects of a clinical encounter. We aimed to determine whether professional attire influences a patient’s perception of treatment credibility. MethodsWe performed a single-blind randomized controlled study on 128 patients with acute non-specific low back pain who were about to receive treatment in primary care. The treating clinician was randomly allocated to wear formal attire (experimental condition) or casual attire (control condition) to the consultation. Clinicians provided a standardized briefing on the rationale behind the patient’s forthcoming treatment. Treatment credibility (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire) was assessed immediately after this briefing. ResultsAll patients received the experimental or control condition as allocated and provided complete primary outcome data. Formal attire had no effect on perceived treatment credibility (Mean difference between groups 1.2 [95%CI-1.1 to 3.5]). Age was the only significant predictor of treatment credibility; older patients rated treatment credibility higher (Beta=0.16 [95%CI 0.08 to 0.24]). ConclusionIn a trial setting, whether or not a clinician is formally dressed has no effect on perceptions of treatment credibility in patients with acute low back pain. Practice implicationClinicians should dress comfortably without fear of losing credibility.

Does the Narrative Style of Video Evidence Influence Judgements About Rape Complainant Testimony?

SummaryFour studies investigated lawyers' concerns that the narrative style of police interviews with adult rape complainants reduces the impact of this interview as video evidence. Study 1 (N = 96) compared mock juror perceptions of simulated evidence‐in‐chief either in traditional short‐answer or narrative style and found testimony style was not a predictor of complainant credibility. Studies 2 (N = 104), 3 (N = 102) and 4 (N = 102) examined different variables that change with testimony style—the number of questions asked, overall testimony length and response length. The number of questions asked was the only predictor of complainant credibility; more questions resulted in higher credibility ratings. These findings suggest that lawyers' concerns about narrative style interviewing are unwarranted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Effects of Self-Congruity and Source Credibility on Consumer Responses to Coffeehouse Advertising

This study examines the impacts of self-congruity and source credibility (i.e., attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise) on consumer responses to coffeehouse advertising. This study tests the model and associated hypotheses based on responses from a sample of 403 participants recruited via snowball sampling. The result of the structural equation modeling reveals that self-congruity is a significant predictor of source credibility, and that the three dimensions of source credibility are important factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions. The multigroup analysis shows that spokesperson type (i.e., celebrity vs. noncelebrity) moderates the relationship between self-congruity and source attractiveness. Further, this study finds that source credibility mediates the relationship between self-congruity and ad attitude. We discuss both academic and practical implications of these findings.