Predictor For Males Research Articles

Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake

In a 15 year longitudinal study (Amsterdam Growth and Health Study) is evaluated the effect of daily calcium intake (CAI) during adolescence and young adulthood on the development of peak bone mass at age 27 when the influence of weight-bearing activity (WBA) and body weight was accounted for. A group of 84 males and 98 females were measured longitudinally from age 13 until age 28. Measurements were taken six times of anthropometric characteristics. Lifestyle was also evaluated six times by cross-check interviews of CAI and WBA. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was determined at age 27 by dual x-ray absorption. Three periods were considered, that is, the adolescent period, the period 13-21 years, and the total period (13-27 years). In multiple linear regression analyses, only WBA and body weight were significant positive contributors to the final model of lumbar BMD at age 27. In all three periods WBA was the best predictor in males and body weight in females. ANOVA was performed on BMD and the highest and lowest quartiles of calcium intake with the significant predictor variables of the linear regression model as covariates. Again calcium intake appeared not a significant predictor of BMD in the three periods in both sexes. Regular weight-bearing exercise and at least a normal age-related body weight in adolescence and young adulthood are of key importance in reaching the highest lumbar peak bone mass at the age of 27 years.

Body mass index from childhood to middle age: a 50-y follow-up

The tracking of body mass index (BMI) over a 50-y period in a longitudinal study was examined by using both correlation coefficients and the Foulkes-Davis tracking index. Over the long term, BMIs before maturity were poor predictors of middle-aged BMI status in females but were good predictors in males. The correlation between females' BMI in childhood and their BMIs at two points during middle age (40 and 50 y) was zero; in males it was r = 0.36 and 0.41, respectively. Between-age correlations were high (P less than 0.0001) for both sexes, reflecting stability in BMI over the shorter term (less than or equal to 10 y). The tracking of BMI (with the Foulkes-Davis tracking index) from childhood to middle age was better for males than for females (P less than 0.1). Linear-regression analysis was also used to assess the predictability of relative body size in middle age from earlier measures; BMI in childhood accounted for 0% of the variance in females and 17% in males. We conclude that the prediction of ponderosity in middle age from BMIs early in life is more reliable for males than for females.

Morphological Prediction of Body Condition in Maned Ducks

Best-fit regression equations for estimating body-fat levels from morphological measurements of maned ducks (Chenonetta jubata) were developed. The cube of [body weight/(sternum x tarsus x bill length)] plus the square of skinfold thickness was the best predictor of body fat in females (r*2=0.81). The cube of (body weight x skinfold thickness) was the best predictor in males (r*2=0.75). These regression equations accurately estimated fat level in all seasons except females in winter, when estimated values were significantly higher (paired t test, P<0.02) by 18% than actual levels. Body weight alone predicted protein content well in males (r*2=0.81) and less well in females (r*2= 0.61). These equations enable long-term and relatively cheap monitoring of body condition in trapped maned ducks.

Adult Longevity as Affected by Size, Sex, and Maintenance in Isolation or Groups in the Parasite Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Adult longevity was significantly affected by adult size, sex, and interaction regime in the eulophid parasite, Pediobius foveolatus, when all of the variables were analyzed simultaneously with analysis of variance. Adult-interaction regimes consisted in being alone, in same-sex groups, and in both-sex groups. Size (both head width and tibia length) and adult-interaction regime were significant longevity predictors in males. Size alone (both kinds of measurements) was a significant longevity predictor in two of the three adult-interaction regimes in females.

Hazards of obesity--the Framingham experience.

Measurements of height, weight, skinfolds and waist girth were used as indicators of general and regional obesity in the Framingham study population of 5,209 men and women. Mean values of cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and uric acid increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Weight gain was associated with increases and weight loss with decreases in these risk factors. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent in men and women with low quintile BMI. Upper quintile values of BMI, subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth were associated with increased relative risks of death from all causes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease but relative risks for intermittent claudication were not increased. General and central obesity each made independent contributions to risk of CHD but central obesity was a better predictor in males. BMI, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly independent predictors of CHD. These data show that increased relative weight and central obesity are associated with elevated levels of risk factors, with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and with increased death rates for all causes combined. Mortality rates are also increased among the leanest members of the population, especially among older men.

Sex differences in the relative importance of self-esteem, physical self-satisfaction, and identity in predicting adolescent satisfaction

Theoretical discussions of adolescence tend to emphasize the importance of physical development, self-views, and a transitional aspect of adolescence. Few research studies examine these variables in combination. The purpose of the present research was to examine the interrelationships of physical self-satisfaction, self-esteem, and identity in addition to their ability to predict satisfaction with an individual's social milieu. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for six groups consisting of eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth-grade males and females. While the prediction patterns yielded no differences for grade level, differences between males and females were found. Self-esteem was the best predictor for males, while identity and physical self-satisfaction were the best predictors for females.

Use of Selected Factors as Predictors of Success in Completing a Secondary Teacher Preparation Program

A multiple regression analysis was performed on all EPPS and SVIB scales to determine those scales which could be used to predict success in a secondary teacher preparation program for 207 females and 88 males. Significant discriminant function equations for fourteen male predictor variables and for eight female predictor variables were obtained. Thus, for both males and females it was possible to discriminate between those who had completed the teacher preparation program and those who had not; for applicants it was possible to classify them as likely or unlikely to complete the teacher preparation program. Cross-validation studies, however, with larger samples would be needed to establish generalizable equations that would permit realization of a comparatively high degree of accuracy of classification of applicant members in new samples.

Waist-to-height ratio and socio-demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi adults

Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Controversy remains regarding the best anthropometric indices for cardiovascular risk. Waist-to-height ratio has been reported to be an effective predictor of metabolic risks and it may be a better measure of relative fat distribution amongst subjects of different age and statures. Bangladeshi data lack in this perspective. To determine waist-to-height ratio of Bangladeshi adults along with its variation with socio-economic status, cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003. Data were collected through interviewing and measuring height and waist circumference of 22,995 adult males and females of an urban (Mirpur, Dhaka City) and rural area (Kaliganj sub-district). The mean waist-to-height ratio of 0.48 significantly varied with socio-demographic variables and it was markedly higher in females, older age groups, urban residents and the better educated. Urban residents, females, older people, better educational status, the non-paid and married individuals were more likely to have high waist-toheight ratio (≥0.5). High waist-to-height ratio levels using sex-specific cut-offs were more common in females, urban residents, Christians, older individuals, married, the better educated and the nonpaid. Age and locality were identified as best predictors in males and females, respectively. Key words: Waist-to-height ratio; adult; Bangladeshi DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6496Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 49-58