Predictors Of Suicidal Ideation Research Articles

Predicting suicide ideation through intrapersonal and interpersonal factors: The interplay of Big-Five personality traits and social support.

While a specific personality trait may escalate suicide ideation, contextual factors such as social support, when provided effectively, may alleviate the effects of such personality traits. This study examined the moderating role of social support in the relationship between the Big-Five personality traits and suicide ideation. Significant interactions were found between social support and extraversion and emotional stability. Specifically, the relationship between emotional stability and extraversion to suicide ideation was exacerbated when social support was low. Slope analysis showed openness also interacted with low social support. Results were computed for frequency, duration and attitude dimensions of suicide ideation. Extraversion interacted with social support to predict all three dimensions. Social support moderated emotional stability to predict frequency and duration, moderated conscientiousness towards frequency and attitude, and moderated openness towards attitude. The results imply that whereas personality traits may be difficult to alter, social support may play a significant role in saving a life. Psychologists should include family and friends when treating a suicidal youth, guiding them to awareness of one's personality and being more supportive.

Trait gratitude and suicidal ideation and behavior: an exploratory study.

Despite the progress of positive psychology, current knowledge regarding suicide protective factors is limited. Trait gratitude (a tendency to experience gratitude in daily life) may protect against suicidal ideation and behavior. The study tested a model of causal effects among gratitude, religiosity, reasons for living, coping, and social support as predictors of suicidal ideation, suicide threats, and suicide attempts after controlling for depression and stressful life events. A sample of 165 college students were administered measures of gratitude, religiosity, reasons for living, social support, coping skills, stress, and depression. The study assessed lifetime and current suicidal ideation as well as lifetime suicide threat and attempt. Both gratitude and religiosity, along with social support, coping skills, and reasons for living, correlated negatively with prior suicidal ideation, but not with prior attempted suicide. After controlling for risk factor (depression and stress), the impact of gratitude and religiosity was no longer statistically significant. Further research could help understand the role of positive emotions and human strengths, such as gratitude, in preventing and alleviating suicidal ideation and behavior.

Relationship between suicide ideation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) and perfectionism

Background: The present research investigated the relationship between suicide ideation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) and perfectionism in university Students. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on200 students at university of Tabriz that were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The subjects answered three questionnaires: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results: Results showed that there is a significant relationship between suicide ideation and behavioral inhibition system (R=0/55), self-oriented perfectionism(R=0/40) and socially- prescribed perfectionism (0/47) (p=0.01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that behavioral inhibition system, self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism could significantly predict suicide ideation. Conclusion: Behavioral activation system (BIS) and self-oriented /socially prescribed perfectionism were correlated to and could predict suicide ideation.

사회적 질이 노인의 자살생각에 미치는 영향

Abstract Using data from 2011 Elderly Living Condition Survey database, this study analyzed risk factors for suicide ideation of Korean elderly persons. The analysis sample consists of 10,003 cases. The main purpose of this research was toexplore the effects of social quality factor on suicide ideation of Korean elderly persons. Analysis results show that gender, age, area of residence, living alone, subjective standard of living, activities of daily living(ADLs), and geriatric depressio nare significant predictors of suicide ideation. Key findings are that social quality factor such as experiencing feeling hurt from others’ words and actions like avoiding conversations, disregarding one’s opinions, pretending to be not heard,getting irritated, grumbling, etc. has the largest effects on suicide ideation. Analysis results imp ly that without improving social quality, it would not be possible to lower elderly suicide rate. Key Words : suicide ideation, social quality, social network, social kindness, interdisciplinary

A psychometric study of the Suicide Cognitions Scale with psychiatric inpatients.

The cognitive model of suicide makes specific predictions about the role of cognition in suicide risk. This study examined psychometric properties of the Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS), an instrument designed to measure suicide-specific cognitions, in a sample of 150 patients (age range, 18-75 years, SD = 14.42; 56% female, 94% White) hospitalized for suicide risk associated with multiple, treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions. Findings revealed strong psychometric properties, including internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Incremental validity beyond depression and hopelessness was demonstrated in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Confirmatory factor analysis examining previously reported factor solutions suggested more consistency with a three-factor solution (Unlovability, Unbearability, and Unsolvability) relative to a two-factor solution. Good sensitivity to treatment response over the course of hospitalization also was demonstrated. The hypothesis of residual risk, derived from cognitive theory and predicting that lack of change in suicide schemas would be associated with higher suicide risk at discharge, was supported. Overall, these findings suggest considerable promise for the SCS as a measure of suicide risk that adds predictive utility to measures of depression and hopelessness, with potential usefulness in planning and monitoring treatment for suicidal individuals.

Five factor model traits as a predictor of suicide ideation and interpersonal suicide risk in a college sample

Research has demonstrated an inconsistent relationship between suicide ideation and personality traits. This is the first study to empirically examine the relationship of the Five Factor Model of personality with current, past and no suicide ideation, and with the two interpersonal risk factors of suicide: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (Joiner, T., 2005. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press). Results indicate that high neuroticism was associated with both current ideation and a history of suicide ideation and extraversion was associated with current ideation. Neuroticism was positively related to thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, while extraversion was negatively related to these interpersonal predictors of suicide. Agreeableness was negatively related to thwarted belongingness but not perceived burdensomeness, indicating differentiated patterns of relationships between this personality domain and the two suicide constructs. Furthermore, these personality domains predicted 23.82% of variance for thwarted belongingness and 15.07% of the variance for perceived burdensomeness, above and beyond demographic variables associated with suicide ideation. This study, which was conducted with a college sample, demonstrates the potential benefit of identifying predispositional risk factors for suicide ideation and interpersonal predictors of suicide. This may have implications for the development of upstream preventative measures against suicide.

Magnitude of depression problem among primary care consumers in Saudi Arabia

Background: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It is estimated that 5–10% of the population at any given time is suffering from identifiable depression needing psychiatric or psychosocial intervention. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among adult primary care consumers in Saudi Arabia Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Al Khobar for screening of adult consumers for depression. The data were collected by interviewing a sample of 850 male and female visitors by using the Arabic version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe depression among adult PHC consumers was about 16%. Its occurrence was more than double among women than men. The most common manifestations of depression were sleeping and eating problems, while suicidal thoughts were reported by 3.8% of depressed people. The main predictors of depression were female gender, family history of depression or psychiatric diseases, personal history of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular and skin diseases, and being unemployed or unmarried; the predictors of suicidal ideation were severe depression, female gender, and low level of education. Conclusion: We conclude from this study that about one-sixth of PHC consumers in Saudi Arabia are suffering from moderate to severe depression and its occurrence was more in women than men, illiterate, and unemployed.

Psychopathy, Depression, and Anxiety as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Offenders

Compared to nonoffenders, offenders are at increased risk for suicidal ideation and psychopathy. However, literature currently lacks sufficient understanding of moderating pathways linking psychopathy to suicidal ideation among offenders. This study investigated anxiety and depressive symptoms as potential moderators using a sample of 162 male offenders in the New Jersey correctional system. Results supported a significant positive correlation between secondary psychopathy and suicidal ideation. In addition, depression and physiological anxiety moderated the association between secondary psychopathy and suicidal ideation. Present findings may assist in determining relevant suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, physiological anxiety, secondary psychopathy) to assess for in offenders.

Predictors of suicidal ideation in coronary artery disease

ContextIn clinical practice, the importance of screening for anxiety and depression in patients with medical illness is highlighted. In many cases, the suicidal ideation makes up the framework of mental disorders, which may be exacerbated in these individuals. ObjectiveTo investigate the role of symptoms of mental disorders in the presence of suicidal ideation. MethodsA total of 103 patients with diagnosis of coronary artery disease in cardiac treatment were interviewed for symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. All patients were also analyzed for presence of suicidal ideation, wishes, attitude and suicidal plans using the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale. The relationship between social and demographic variables and mental disturbances and the presence of suicidal ideation was assessed using chi-square test and coefficient of sperm. Logistic regression analysis was used to explain the change in the role of each of the variables in suicidal ideation. ResultsThe results showed that predictors for suicidal ideation were isolated anxiety (B=0.29; Wald 4.77; p=0.03) with an odds ratio of 1.34 (CI 1.03–1.75) and isolated depression (B=0.33; Wald 5.35; p=0.02) with an odds ratio of 1.39 (CI 1.05–1.85). Frequencies of interaction depression and anxiety were higher among patients who were single, widowed and divorced. Chi-square test and the coefficient of sperm showed an association between marital status and suicidal ideation (χ2(2)=9.17; p=0.01). ConclusionAnxiety and depression are risk factors for isolated patients with suicidal ideation. Early clinical identification of mental disorders in patients with medical illness contributed to preventing the risk of suicide.

Psychosocial Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Illnesses in Jordan

Suicide ideation (SI) is considered a major psychiatric emergency in patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Suicide ideation is a multifaceted issue that involves bio- psychosocial and cultural factors that interfere with patients’ abilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychosocial predictors of SI among Jordanian patients with chronic illnesses. A cross-sectional design using self-administered questionnaires was used to collect data from 480 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The mean score of suicide ideation was 4.07 (SD = 1.7) and almost 20% (n = 85) of the participants found to be suicidal, the majority were suffering from moderate to severe depressive symptoms and low levels of life satisfaction. Also, the analysis showed that the patients had a high level of optimism and moderate perception of social support from family, friends, and significant other. Type of illness has a significant relation to the ‘seriousness’ component of SI (p = 0.023). Depression (β = 0.345, p<0.001) was a significant risk factor for ‘thought’ component of SI, and optimism (β = –0.008, p<0.05) a significant protective factor against the thought component of SI. Patients with chronic illnesses suffer serious psychological disturbances and are in need of psychological care, and periodic psychological screening to maintain their psychological wellbeing.

Psychological factors as predictors of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia.

BackgroundThere has been a drastic increase in the rate of suicides over the past 45 years in Malaysia. The statistics show that adolescents aged between 16 and 19 years old are at high risk of committing suicide. This could be attributed to issues relating to the developmental stage of adolescents. During this stage, adolescents face challenges and are exposed to various stressful experiences and risk factors relating to suicide.MethodThe present study examined psychological factors (i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) as predictors for suicidal ideation among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 students (103 males and 87 females), aged 15 to 19 years old from two different schools in Kuala Lumpur. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21-item version (DASS-21) was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress among the students, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) to measure suicidal ideation. The data were analysed using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe results show that 11.10%, 10.00%, and 9.50% of the students reported that they were experiencing severe depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. There were significant correlations between depression, anxiety, and stress with suicidal ideation. However, only depression was identified as a predictor for suicidal ideation.ConclusionHence, this study extends the role of depression in predicting suicidal ideation among adolescents in the Malaysian context. The findings imply that teenagers should be assisted in strengthening their positive coping strategies in managing distress to reduce depression and suicidal ideation.

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Applied to Male Prisoners

The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that severe suicide ideation is caused by the combination of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB), yet few studies have actually examined their interaction. Further, no studies have examined this proposal in male prisoners, a particularly at-risk group. To address this gap, the current study surveyed 399 male prisoners. TB and PB interacted to predict suicide ideation while controlling for depression and hopelessness. High levels of both TB and PB were associated with more severe suicide ideation. The interpersonal theory may aid in the detection, prevention, and treatment of suicide risk in prisoners.

Evaluating thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as predictors of suicidal ideation in sexual minority adults.

Evaluating thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as predictors of suicidal ideation in sexual minority adults.

Twelve-month prevalence and predictors of self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Korean adolescents in a web-based nationwide survey.

The suicide rate in South Korea was the highest among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2011. Although the suicide rate in adolescents is lower than that of adults and is reported to be decreasing in young males in some countries, it has consistently increased in recent years in South Korea. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of suicidal ideation and attempt in the past 12 months. A total sample of 72,623 adolescents aged 12-18 years who responded to a web-based anonymous self-reported survey between September and October 2010 was used for the analysis. The suicidal ideation and suicide attempt rates were 19.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Being female, having a poor perceived socioeconomic status and a poor perceived academic performance, subjective feelings of depression, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, perceived general medical health, and experiences of any involvement with sexual intercourse were the contributing factors that predicted elevated risks for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. In contrast to previous reports in other countries, the suicide attempt rate in Korean female adolescents peaked at age 13 years, and there were no differences in suicidal ideation in females by age. There were no differences in both suicidal ideation and attempt rates in males by age. A multidisciplinary approach that takes into consideration the characteristics of Korean adolescents with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt is warranted for developing prevention and treatment programs.

Gender-differences in risk factors for suicidal behaviour identified by perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability: cross-sectional analysis from a longitudinal cohort study.

BackgroundThe Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior (IPT) is supported by recent epidemiological data. Unique risk factors for the IPT constructs have been identified in community epidemiological studies. Gender differences in these risk factors may contribute substantially to our understanding of suicidal risk, and require further investigation. The present study explores gender differences in the predictors and correlates of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability for suicide.MethodsParticipants (547 males, 739 females) aged 32–38 from the PATH through Life study, an Australian population-based longitudinal cohort study (n=1,177) were assessed on perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability for suicide using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire and Acquired Capability for Suicide Survey, and on a range of demographic, social support, psychological, mental health and physical health measures. Gender differences in the predictors of the IPT constructs were assessed using linear regression analyses.ResultsHigher perceived burdensomeness increased suicide ideation in both genders, while higher thwarted belongingness increased suicide ideation only in females. In females, thwarted belongingness was uniquely related to perceived burdensomeness, while greater physical health was significantly associated with greater thwarted belongingness in males but not in females. There were trends suggesting greater effects of being single and greater perceived burdensomeness for men, and stronger effects of less positive friendship support for women associated with greater thwarted belongingness.ConclusionsMen and women differ in the pattern of psychological characteristics that predict suicide ideation, and in the factors predicting vulnerability. Suicide prevention strategies need to take account of gender differences.

Associations between impulsivity, aggression, and suicide in Chinese college students.

BackgroundAlthough there are accumulating data regarding the epidemiology of suicide in China, there are meager data on suicidal ideation and attempts among college students. Interestingly, elevated impulsivity is thought to facilitate the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicidal behavior. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the associations between suicide and the personality factors of impulsivity and aggression.MethodsThis study’s sampling method employed stratified random cluster sampling. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select participants (n = 5,245). We conducted structured interviews regarding a range of socio-demographic characteristics and suicidal morbidity. The Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9) was used to acquire the information about thoughts of being better off dead or hurting themselves in some ways during the past two weeks. The impulsivity symptoms in this study were assessed with the BIS-11-CH (i.e., the Chinese version of the BIS-11), and the Aggressive symptoms were assessed with the BAQ. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) v.13.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Socio-demographic variables such as ethnic and gender were compared between groups, through the use of χ2 tests. The nonparametric test (k Independent Sample test, Kruskal-Wallis H) was performed to determine differences between the personality factors of impulsivity and aggression and suicide.ResultsIn total, 9.1% (n = 479) of the 5,245 students reported they have ever thought about committing suicide; and 1% (n = 51) reported a history of attempted suicide (attempters). The analyses detected significant differences in scores on cognitive impulsivity (p < 0.01), when comparing individuals who only had suicidal ideation and individuals who had attempted suicide. Moreover, significant differences were found between ideators only and attempters on scores of self-oriented attack (p < .001).ConclusionsSuicidal ideation is prevalent among Chinese university students. Students with high aggression scores were more susceptible to committing suicide. Scores on self-oriented attack and cognitive impulsivity may be important factors for differentially predicting suicide ideation and suicide attempts.

Rates and predictors of suicidal ideation during the first year after traumatic brain injury.

We examined rates of suicidal ideation (SI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and investigated whether demographic characteristics, preinjury psychiatric history, or injury-related factors predicted SI during the first year after injury. We followed a cohort of 559 adult patients who were admitted to Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, with a complicated mild to severe TBI between June 2001 and March 2005. Participants completed structured telephone interviews during months 1 through 6, 8, 10, and 12 after injury. We assessed SI using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Twenty-five percent of the sample reported SI during 1 or more assessment points. The strongest predictor of SI was the first PHQ-8 score (i.e., PHQ-9 with item 9 excluded) after injury. Other significant multivariate predictors included a history of a prior suicide attempt, a history of bipolar disorder, and having less than a high school education. Rates of SI among individuals who have sustained a TBI exceed those found among the general population. Increased knowledge of risk factors for SI may assist health care providers in identifying patients who may be vulnerable to SI after TBI.

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in a Statewide Sample of Transgender Individuals.

Transgender individuals experience violence and discrimination, which, in addition to gender transitioning, are established correlates of psychological distress. In a statewide sample of 350 transgender adults, we investigated whether a history of violence and discrimination increased the odds of reporting lifetime suicidal ideation (SI) and whether differences in SI were predicted by gender transition status. Violence, discrimination, and transition status significantly predicted SI. Compared with individuals with no plans to transition, individuals with plans or who were living as their identified gender reported greater odds of lifetime SI. We discuss implications for SI disparities using Meyer's minority stress model.

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Chronic Pain Patients

To explore whether chronic pain (CP) patients who report suicidal ideation (SI) present a distinctive profile with regard to their sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, psychological well-being, cognitions, and use of antidepressants, illicit drugs, and alcohol for pain relief. Eighty-eight CP patients completed self-administered questionnaires during their intake assessment at 3 pain clinics located in the province of Québec (Canada). Patients reporting active or passive SI on the Beck Depression Inventory were compared with patients reporting no SI. Between-group univariate analyses were performed using profile variables to compare patients with and without SI. Significant variables were then entered into multiple logistic regression analyses to identify significant independent predictors of SI. Twenty-four percent of patients reported having had SI. Unemployed/disabled patients were 6 times more likely to report SI. Poor sleep quality was the only predictor of SI among the physical variables. For psychological well-being, depressive symptoms did not significantly predict SI. However, the poorer the patients perceived their mental health to be the more likely they were to report SI. Pain-related helplessness was the only predictor for SI among the cognitive variables. Patients who had used illicit drugs as a form of pain relief at any time since pain onset were 5 times more likely to report SI. Similar results were obtained for those who were on antidepressants. Some factors associated with SI seem pain specific, whereas others are more generally associated with SI. Better identification and understanding of these factors is essential for the development of targeted suicide prevention programs for at-risk CP patients.

Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Epilepsy and Multiple Sclerosis (P7.040)

Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Epilepsy and Multiple Sclerosis (P7.040)