Prediction Of Stature Research Articles

Analysis of stature prediction from foot anthropometry: a South Korean case study

The investigation of footprints or dismembered foot dimensions from the scene of a crime or disaster plays a crucial role in the effort to determine some characteristics of the suspects or victims. Previous studies have shown the importance of foot dimensions for that purpose. However, the foot length and foot breadth were frequently studied; the present research investigated the relationship between stature and diverse foot dimensions such as of the heel, metatarsal edge, instep, metatarsal, and lateral malleolus – in addition to the foot length and foot breadth. The feet of 461 subjects (175 male & 286 Female) were scanned and measured. The mean age of the male participants was 41.6 (from 20 to 69) and 38.4 for female participants (from 20 to 68). A t-test was used to compare the gender difference in each dimension. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to identify correlations among various part measurements and heights. Regression equations were derived using single or multiple variables. Foot length showed the highest relationship in males (R = 0.753) and females (R = 0.433). For males and females, prediction accuracy was highest in the linear regression equation using foot length alone (R2 = 0.567 for males, R2 = 0.188 for females; SEE ± 4.332 cm for males, ±4.825 cm for females). In addition to foot length, length-related variables such as the distance from the heel to both ends of the metatarsal were also reliable predictors. These research results are expected to be useful information for forensic medicine, and for medical appliance and sports manufacturers.

Prediction of Stature According to Three Head Measurements

La morfometria es un importante metodo no invasivo para evaluar el tamano, proporciones y composicion del cuerpo humano. Debido a que la prediccion es un tema importante en casi todas las ciencias de la vida, el objetivo de esta investigacion fue averiguar las variables cefalofaciales que pueden predecir la altura del cuerpo. Se midieron tres variables cefalofaciales y la altura en 288 adultos varones de la poblacion albanesa de Kosovo, de entre 18 a 35 anos de edad. Con el uso de procedimientos de analisis regresivo se encontraron las siguientes variables cefalofaciales: altura de la cabeza, circunferencia de la cabeza, altura de la cara. Estas variables pueden predecir significativamente la altura del cuerpo, y de esta manera se obtuvo una ecuacion de regresion especifica para la estimacion de la altura del cuerpo, sobre la base de estas variables cefalofaciales. La prediccion de la altura del cuerpo presento una alta correlacion significativa (0,512) con la verdadera altura del cuerpo, estableciendo con la prueba T una similitud significativa entre estas dos variables.

CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS

Human body exhibits regular age, sex and race dependent proportions amongstits various segments relative to its height. Knowledge of the cranial morphometry is importantfrom clinical and forensic view point. The stature of a person being genetically predeterminedis an inherent characteristic, the estimation of which is considered to be important assessmentin identification of human remains. Norms of regression formulae for calculation of height arerequired for different populations. Objectives: To document norms for cranial dimensions andpresent linear regression formulae for stature prediction in adult male and female populationof Southern Punjab. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the MultanMedical and Dental College, Multan and took about fourteen months to complete. Materialand methods: The study was conducted on 672 adult individuals (430 males and 242 females)from in and around the city of Multan in Punjab. Measurements of the head including maximumcranial length (glabella-inion length), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter)and maximum auricular head height were taken. Results were expressed as mean ± SD.Height was measured in standing anatomical position. Correlation coefficient of Pearsonwas used to find the relationship between various cranial dimensions using which the linearregression formulae to predict the stature were derived. Results: The mean height of the studypopulation was found to be significantly different between genders. The males appeared tobe considerably taller than females. The mean cranial length, cranial breadth and auricularhead height the measurements were larger significantly in the males as compared to females.Pearson’s correlation coefficient between stature and cranial measurements was found to behighly positive for both sexes. Linear regression formulae to predict the stature from the cranialdimensions were derived. Conclusion: The study is conducted to document norms for cranialdimensions and it presented gender specific linear regression models for stature prediction inadult South Punjab population.

Estimation of Stature from Craniofacial Anthropometric Measurements in Egyptians and Bengalis Samples (A Comparative Study)

Many attempts have been made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between crainofacial measurements and body stature, since the craniofacial remains may be the only available for postmortem examination. This study is to compare craniofacial anthropometric ratios between Egyptian and Bengali populations and to find out the correlation between craniofacial anthropometric measurements and stature with suggesting regression formulae in both populations for stature reconstruction from these dimensions. This cross-sectional analytical study included 100 subjects; 60 Egyptians and 40 Bengalis aged from 18-60 years with normal face patterns. Stature and four craniofacial parameters as maximum head length & breadth, and maximum face breadth &length were measured. The results showed that, all crainofacial parameters were significantly higher in Egyptian males than females. Maximum facial length was significantly higher in Egyptians than Bengalis of both sexes. However, maximum facial breadth and maximum head length were significantly higher in Bengalis than Egyptians of both sexes. The highest correlation coefficient with stature was exhibited by maximum facial breadth in Bengali males (r=0.60), maximum facial length in Egyptian males (r=0.42). On the other hand, in Egyptian and Bengali females, maximum head length showed highest correlation coefficient with stature (r=0.37& r=0.89 respectively). Therefore, the prediction of stature is more reliable from facial dimensions in Bengali and Egyptian males and from cephalic length in both Egyptian and Bengali females.

Prediction of stature from radiographic study of foot and hand in modern Saudi at Baha Province

Background: Stature is necessary for medical and nutritional assessment in the living individual. Also, in Physical Anthropology and Forensic Medicine, determination of stature is an important parameter for personal identification along with others such as age and race. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between stature and foot and hand variables in both sexes through anthropometric and radiographic means. At the same time, prediction equations for estimating stature from foot and hand parameters were developed. Materials and Methods: Measurements of body weight, stature, foot length and breadth as well as hand length and breadth were taken from 400 randomly selected students in Al Baha University aged 19–22 years (290 male and 110 female). Plain X-ray for foot and hand was done for a subsample to measure the length and breadth of the metatarsals and metacarpals, respectively. Derived variables (body mass index, foot index, and stature/foot and hand ratios) were calculated from the measured variables. Results: Significant correlations were found between stature and many foot parameters. Low correlations were found between stature and hand parameters. Predictive regression equations were computed to estimate stature from foot and hand parameters. Conclusion: Predictive equations were computed to estimate stature from foot and hand variables. This would be useful in cases where stature cannot be measured in the living subjects or in cases of stature prediction in Physical Anthropology and Forensic Medicine.

Prediction of Stature from Somatometry of the Left Hand in Igbos, Nigeria

The identification of a person is based on some biological profiles. Stature is one of such; its prediction plays important role in forensic investigation. An attempt was made to establish the stature of the Igbos using left finger lengths, hand length and hand breadth. The correlation between stature and hand dimensions was studied. Which of the hand segments is the best to predict the stature of the Igbos? 88 males and 123 females were included in this study after obtaining informed consent. Measurements of hand segments were taken using Sliding Caliper and the height was recorded using Anthropometer. The data were subjected for statistical analysis. Significant correlation between stature and the entire hand dimensions was established except hand breadth (HB) in the females. Independent linear regression equations to calculate the stature were obtained for hand segments in both genders put together, in males and females separately. Hand length had the best prediction power in both genders put together as well as in the females. In males, the best prediction power was observed in fourth digit length followed by hand length. The multiple linear regression model generated for both genders put together performed better than the simple linear regression models for the males or females.

Correlation of the Dimensions of Hand & Feet with Stature of an Individual: A Study on Central Indian Adults

Identification of Human remains is a crucial problem and is of utmost importance to Forensic experts. Human beings are considered bilaterally symmetrical. Prediction of stature can be given from long bone measurements with certain degree of accuracy. The present study was done to find out the correlation between the Hand length, breadth & Foot length to the stature of an individual and to arrive at a regression formula. The prospective study was carried out on 230 Students (120 Male & 110 Female) between the age group of 17–25 years studying in Medical & Dental College in Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha.

Estimation of Stature From Hand and Foot Measurements in a Rare Tribe of Kerala State in India.

The present study has been undertaken on the Vettuvar group of tribes in Kasargod district of Kerala state, and explores the usability of dimensions of hands and feet as predictors of stature in the tribal population of Kasargod District of Kerala, India. The present study is the first ever documented anthropological work on the tribes of Kasargod district, Kerala, India. Two hundred subjects comprising of 100 males and 100 females in 20-30 years age group were included in the study group. Dimensions of hands and feet viz: hand length, hand breadth, foot length and foot breadth were measured independently on left and right side of each individual using a Sliding calliper. Stature of individuals was measured with the help of a Stadiometer. Statistical analysis indicated that the bilateral variations were insignificant for all the measurements except foot breadth among females (p<0.001). The paired sample t-test showed that the statistical difference between males and females was highly significant for all the measurements (p<0.001). The correlation between the stature and various parameters studied in males and females were found to be positive and statistically highly significant. Linear and multiple regression equation for stature estimation were calculated separately for males and females. The significant positive correlation between the study variables and the stature indicates that these variables can be successfully used to predict stature.

Prediction of Stature based on Measurement of Hand Length in Maharashtra Region

Background & Objective: Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameter that determine the physical identity of an individual. Purpose of present study was to evaluate utility of hand length in estimation of stature & to predict the accuracy of regression equation & multiplication factor. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Method: The study was carried on 94 males and 106females with the age of 17 to 25yrs of NKP Salve Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre Nagpur. Measurement of stature done by using standiometer and hand length of right hand & left hand with a slide caliper. Result: Mean and standard deviation of stature, hand length and correlation coefficient between hand length and stature was obtained. By using standard formulae regression equation & multiplication factor was derived for the estimation of stature from hand length. Conclusion & Interpretation: The present study showed significant correlation between the stature and hand lengths from the region of Maharashtra. The present study also provides regression equation & multiplication factors which can be useful for nearly accurate estimation of stature. This data is useful for the identifying of war casualties & for medico legal purpose. Key Words: Anthropometric measurement, Hand length, Regression equation & multiplication factor.

Stature Estimation From Hand Prints: A Study in Rajasthan

The Stature prediction occupies relatively central place both in identification and anthropological research, necessitated by the medico-legal experts. This paper attempts to establish identity from partial evidences to carry out further investigation in forensic and police examination. The study was conducted among Bhils of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The objective of the present study was to formulate regression equation to predict the stature from hand length and hand breadth (Direct &amp; indirect from prints) and to find gender differences for estimation of stature among Bhil (males and females) of Rajasthan. From the present study, it has been observed that Hand length has come out as a better predictable variable to estimate the stature and the parameters are more efficient predictors in stature estimation for females than males. Thus, It can be said that more studies on various ethnic groups of India on the said topic be initiated for a proper data base and this will help in identifying the person on the basis of these measurements

Stature Estimation from Hand Length and Foot Length in Adults - a Regional Study in Chennai, Tamilnadu

Identification of dead body and proof of corpus delicti is essential and integral part of any criminal and civil justice delivery system throughout the world. The main part of corpus delicti (i.e. the body of the offence; the essence of crime) is the establishment of the identity of the dead body. The stature prediction occupies relatively a central position both in the anthropological research and in the identification. Various studies have been conducted in the estimation of stature from long bones to bony fragments. In the present study an attempt has been made, which is first of its kind in Tamilnadu, to estimate the stature of an adult individual of either sex not only from hand length, foot length but also from a variety of combination of both hand and foot lengths of either sides. In this regional study multiplication factors also have been derived to estimate stature from hand length and foot length for both sexes.

Estimation of stature using hand and foot dimensions in Slovak adults.

Hand and foot dimensions used for stature estimation help to formulate a biological profile in the process of personal identification. Morphological variability of hands and feet shows the importance of generating population-specific equations to estimate stature. The stature, hand length, hand breadth, foot length and foot breadth of 250 young Slovak males and females, aged 18-24 years, were measured according to standard anthropometric procedures. The data were statistically analyzed using independent t-test for sex and bilateral differences. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for assessing relationship between stature and hand/foot parameters, and subsequently linear regression analysis was used to estimate stature. The results revealed significant sex differences in hand and foot dimensions as well as in stature (p<0.05). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between stature and all measurements in both sexes (p<0.01). The highest correlation coefficient was found for foot length in males (r=0.71) as well as in females (r=0.63). Regression equations were computed separately for each sex. The accuracy of stature prediction ranged from ±4.6 to ±6.1cm. The results of this study indicate that hand and foot dimension can be used to estimate stature for Slovak for the purpose of forensic field. The regression equations can be of use for stature estimation particularly in cases of dismembered bodies.

Prediction of Stature Based on Foot Length

Background Estimation of body height from its segments or dismember parts has important considerations for identifications of living or dead human body or remains recovered from mass disaster or other similar conditions. Objective Stature is an important consideration in determining the identity. Our aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between foot length and body height and to derive a regression equation for stature estimation from foot length and to find out the correlation between body height and foot length. Methods The present study was conducted on 200 medical students of age group 18 to 23 years studying in MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. India. Body height and foot length were measured in centimeter. All the measurements were taken by using standard measuring devices and standard anthropometric techniques. Results Correlation coefficients between stature and foot dimensions were found to be positive and statistically highly significant. Prediction of stature was found to be most accurate by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions In population similar to our subjects, stature and gender estimation can be done by using foot measurements and it will be helpful for Anatomists, Anthropologists and forensic experts to calculate stature based on foot length. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10058 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 66-70

Stature estimation using right digits and palm length in IGBO population, Nigeria

Introduction: Estimation of stature is an important anthropometric tool which helps in the identification of an individual. The dimensions of the hand have been used for the determination of age, sex, and stature of an individual. Materials and Methods: The present study examines the relationship between stature and hand dimensions of a unique ethnic group in Nigeria, the Igbos. Stature (Y), Palm length (PL), hand breath (HB), first digit length (1 st DL), second digit length (2 nd DL), third digit length (3 rd DL), fourth digit lengths (4 th DL) and fifth digit length (5 th DL) of 211 subjects comprising 123 females and 88 males (age range 16-45 years) were measured after obtaining an informed consent. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results: Sex differences were found to be highly significant ( P nd DL provides that of the males specifically. Conclusion: Prediction of stature was found to be most accurate by using linear regression in both gender put together as well as in the females while multiple regression was most accurate for estimate of stature in the males.

Stature estimation in Japanese cadavers using the sacral and coccygeal length measured with multidetector computed tomography

We evaluated the relationship between stature and the length of the sacrum and coccyx using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and derived regression equations for stature estimation in the modern Japanese population. Two hundred and sixteen Japanese subjects (110 males and 106 females) who underwent postmortem computed tomography with subsequent forensic autopsy between January 2010 and August 2013 were measured. A sagittal-plane image of the sacrum and coccyx was used. Anterior sacral length (ASL) was defined as the linear distance from the anterosuperior edge of the first sacral vertebra (S1) to the anteroinferior edge of the fifth sacral vertebra (S5), and posterior sacral length (PSL) was defined as the linear distance from the posterosuperior edge of S1 to the anteroinferior edge of S5. Anterior sacrococcygeal length (ASCL) was defined as the linear distance from the anterosuperior edge of S1 to the anteroinferior edge of the last coccygeal vertebra (LCV), and posterior sacrococcygeal length (PSCL) was defined as the linear distance from the posterosuperior edge of S1 to the anteroinferior edge of the LCV. The correlation between stature and each parameter was evaluated by simple regression analysis using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Each parameter was significantly and positively correlated with stature among both males and females. Cadaver stature (CS, cm)=0.39×PSL (mm)+123.70 [Corrected] provided the most accurate stature prediction (R=0.507, SEE=5.83 cm) in males. CS (cm)=0.56×PSCL (mm)+85.29 provided the most accurate stature prediction (R=0.659, SEE=6.68 cm) in females. We conclude that sacral/sacrococcygeal length measured with MDCT is a potentially useful tool for stature estimation, particularly in cases where better predictors such as the long bones are not available.

Estimation of Stature from Hand and Handprint Measurements among Some Egyptians Using Flatbed Scanner

Stature is used for constructing a biological profile that assists with the identification of an individual. Currently, estimation of stature is performed from fleshed and skeletal remains. There has been little attempt to use complete or partial hand impressions left at scene of crime for estimating stature. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to assess the reliability and accuracy of using hand and handprint measurements for the estimation of stature among Egyptian. The study is conducted on 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 21 to 45 years. Stature of each subject is recorded. Following scanning of both hands and converting photos into handprints, eight measurements are taken on each hand and its corresponding print. Using student t. test, significant sex difference are found for all studied parameters where P ≤ 0.05 for all measurements. There is no statistically significant difference between left and right hand measurements in both sexes. Hand length showed the highest correlation with stature where r= 0.517 in males and 0.781 in females. Correlation coefficients are higher in females than in males as regards all measurements except for hand breadth. All handprint measurements are correlated with stature in both males and females (P≤0.05) except for handprint breadth (P=0.38 in males and o.183 in females). Stature is strongly correlated with handprint length in females r=0. 741 and thumb print length in males r=0.514.Stature prediction accuracy using hand and handprint measurements ranges from 0.978 to 2.98. Multiple regressions reveal nearly the same values obtained by linear regression equations. Comparison between actual stature and the estimated ones showed non-statistical significant differences where p≥0.05 for hand and hand print measurements. Hand and handprint measurements are considered a good source for estimating stature in forensic practice among adult Egyptians.

Estimation of stature using lower limb measurements in Sudanese Arabs

ObjectivesThe estimation of stature from body parts is one of the most vital parts of personal identification in medico-legal autopsies, especially when mutilated and amputated limbs or body parts are found. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and accuracy of using lower limb measurements for stature estimations. Material and methodsThe stature, tibial length, bimalleolar breadth, foot length and foot breadth of 160 right-handed Sudanese Arab subjects, 80 men and 80 women (25–30 years old), were measured. The reliability of measurement acquisition was tested prior to the primary data collection. The data were analysed using basic univariate analysis and linear and multiple regression analyses. ResultsThe results showed acceptable standards of measurement errors and reliability. Sex differences were significant for all of the measurements. There was a positive correlation coefficient between lower-limb dimensions and stature (P-value < 0.01). The best predictors were tibial length and foot length. The stature prediction accuracy ranged from ±2.75–5.40 cm, which is comparable to the established skeletal standards for the lower limbs. ConclusionThis study provides new forensic standards for stature estimation using the lower limb measurements of Sudanese Arabs.

Estimation of stature from the upper limb measurements of Sudanese adults

The estimation of stature using different parts of the body is crucial for formulating a biological profile during the process of personal identification, especially when mutilated and amputated limbs or body parts are found. Hand anthropometry has been reported in the literature including limited range of populations to be promising for stature prediction, but few studies have attempted to link upper limb anthropometry to stature. No previous research on this topic has been reported for modern Sudanese adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the upper limb dimensions and stature in Sudanese adults and to develop regression formulae to estimate stature from these dimensions. The stature, upper arm length, ulnar length, wrist breadth, hand length, and hand breadth of 200 right-handed subjects, comprising 100 males and 100 females (aged 25–30 years), were measured. Initially, the data were analyzed using basic univariate analysis and independent t-tests; then sex-specific simple and multiple linear regression models were used to estimate stature. The results indicated significant sexual dimorphism for all measurements. There was a positive correlation between upper limb measurements and stature (p<0.01), which was highest for ulnar length. The accuracy of stature prediction ranged from ±3.54 to 5.85cm. The use of multiple regression equations gave better results than simple regression equations. This study provides new forensic standards for stature estimation from the upper limb measurements of Sudanese adults.

Prediction of Stature from Hand Anthropometry: A Comparative Study in the Three Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

Prediction of Stature from Hand Anthropometry: A Comparative Study in the Three Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

Are teeth useful in estimating stature?

Estimating stature is an important step in reconstructive identification of skeletonized and dismembered human remains. While numerous body parts such as the skull and long bones have been used for the purpose, the dentition has seldom been applied. The present study has ventured to ascertain the usefulness of tooth crown measurements in stature prediction. Buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of all teeth (except third molars) and stature measurements were obtained from 95 living adults (47 females, 48 males). Correlation analysis revealed that 21 of the 56 tooth crown variables had a low albeit statistically significant correlation to stature (p < 0.05); correlation matrix computed for the crown variables showed significant inter-correlations between most teeth (problem of multi-collinearity). Therefore, instead of regular least square regression analysis, ridge regression was performed for the dentition, which revealed a moderate but statistically significant correlation to stature (R = 0.68; p < 0.0001). The ridge regression equation derived had a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 8.09 cm. The multiple correlation for tooth dimensions is lower to, and the SEE larger than, most other body parts. The moderate correlation is probably due to early completion of growth of tooth crowns vis-à-vis other parameters such as long bones that mature later and have a higher stature-correlation. This indicates that the dentition may be used only as a supplement to more robust indicators of stature.