Predictors Of Contraceptive Use Research Articles

Determinants of Contraception Among Women Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study from Zahedan, Iran

Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of contraceptive use among women receiving cancer treatment in Zahedan, southeast Iran. We evaluated the role of various demographic and socio-cultural factors, fertility intentions, and care providers in contraceptive use. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 women of reproductive age receiving cancer treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) in Zahedan. Patients referred to three medical centers in Zahedan from November 2019 to May 2020 were selected via the convenience sampling method and interviewed using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 18) using multinomial logistic regression. Results: It was found that 34.6% (N = 46) of women undergoing cancer treatment were at risk of unintended pregnancy, with 23.3% (N = 31) using the withdrawal method and 11.3% (N = 15) not using any form of contraception. Additionally, 37.0% (N = 49) of women reported inadequate knowledge about emergency contraception methods. Furthermore, 46.6% (N = 62) of women stated that the physician responsible for their cancer treatment had never discussed contraceptives with them. The highest prevalence of traditional contraceptive methods and non-use of contraception was observed among illiterate women, women with primary education, women living in polygamous families, women desiring more than four children, women who did not agree with their husbands on the contraceptive method, women who did not receive any physician consultation, and women living far from health centers. The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the main predictors of contraception use were physician consultation about contraception (OR = 13.64, 95% CI: 2.13-87.32, P = .006) and couple agreement on the contraception method (OR = 9.91, 95% CI: 1.69-58.15, P = .011). Conclusions: Considering that, based on new population policies in Iran, access to free family planning (FP) services has ended and access to contraceptives is limited, women of reproductive age with illnesses—especially those with poor socioeconomic status, those living in polygamous families, and those in less developed regions—should be considered as a vulnerable group by the healthcare system. Furthermore, men should be included in consultation sessions with care providers to improve their participation in FP.

Prevalence and dynamics of contraceptive use by type during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Western Iran.

Contraception represents a deliberate choice made by individuals, both men and women, to regulate their desired number of children. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of contraceptive use, while also exploring the shifts in contraception methods following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey technique. The survey was conducted in Kermanshah, one of Iran's metropolises located in the western part of the country. The sampling methodology employed in this study involved a combination of multi-stage classification and systematic random methods. The survey took place between July and August 2022. The target population for the survey included women between the ages of 15 and 49. A total of 600 women from this population were selected and included in the survey sample. The sample was described using frequency tables, as well as central and dispersion indices (mean and standard deviation). Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted through the application of logistic regression. Findings pointed out that approximately 65% of the women in the sample utilized contraception methods. Among these methods, the condom and oral pill were found to be the most prevalent choices. Moreover, the findings indicated that an increase in the number of both living and ideal children was associated with a decreased likelihood of contraceptive use. Following the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an observed increase in the utilization of traditional and natural methods of contraception. This shift highlights the importance of considering a broader range of contraceptive options and not solely focusing on restricting contraception services. In the midst of the coronavirus outbreak, women turned to traditional contraceptives, which may increase the risk of unintended pregnancies and subsequent miscarriages. Therefore, providing in-person services to women at their place of residence is necessary during epidemics.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use Among Females Living with HIV at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya

Objective: To assess the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, contraceptive use among females living with HIV at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample including a total of 375 females living with HIV aged 15–49 years undergoing follow-up. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to check for association and predictors of contraceptive use. Results: The contraceptive prevalence rate was 64%. Factors associated with contraceptive utilisation included parity (crude odds ratio [COR]: 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.45; P=0.010), marital status (COR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.97; P=0.036), and availability of information on the side effects of the contraception methods (COR: 29.93; 95% CI: 14.26–70.58; P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between contraceptive use and whether information on the side effects of the current contraception method was provided (adjusted OR: 34.98; 95% CI: 16.72–83.33; P=0.001).The odds of meeting the contraceptive needs of females living with HIV was 34 times higher among females who had information on side effects of the contraceptives than their counterparts who had no information. Conclusions: The contraceptive prevalence rate was 64% among females living with HIV, higher than latest national value of 61%. Females living with HIV had a high unmet need for contraceptive use at 28.4%. Key factors associated with contraceptive utilisation included awareness of side effects.

Examining Contraceptive Ideational Disparities Among Adolescents and Young Women in Nigeria

Nigeria faces a demographic challenge with a growing youth population and increasing fertility rate. However, the use of modern contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women has been declining. The young population emerges as a pivotal group in the country’s efforts to achieving the pledge of 27% modern contraceptive rate by the year 2030. This study aims to explore the disparities in contraceptive ideation among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, focusing on the role of ideational factors. The data for this study were collected through a cross-sectional household survey in four Nigerian states, involving 2,857 sexually active women aged 15-24 years. Using an ideational framework of behavior that highlights psychosocial influences, nine distinct ideational variables were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between ideational factors and contraceptive use among the total sample, adolescents, and youth. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. The study’s results revealed significant associations between the ideational variables and contraceptive use in all groups, ranging from p < .05 to p < .001. Cognitive and emotional domains were found to be the strongest predictors of contraceptive use compared to social domains in the general sample and among both groups. This study’s findings highlight the complex interplay of social, cognitive, and emotional factors in contraceptive use. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in developing effective strategies to overcome barriers and improve access to contraceptive services among young women in Nigeria. Keywords: Adolescents, Contraception, Ideation, Youth.

Contraceptive use in patients with gender dysphoria who were assigned female at birth receiving care at a specialty gender-affirming clinic

BackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all patients, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation, should be offered family planning and contraceptive options without assumptions of sexual behaviors and pregnancy risk. Current research on family planning services for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning patients is limited, but patients who are sexual or gender minorities are at increased risk for unintended pregnancy. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe contraceptive use in patients assigned female at birth with gender dysphoria at a gender-affirming primary care clinic. MethodsA retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Patients were included if they were 18 to 44 years old, received care at University of New Mexico Truman Health Services in 2019, were diagnosed with gender dysphoria, and were assigned female at birth. Patients were excluded if they had never developed female reproductive organs. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. Potential differences in contraceptive use based on demographic characteristics, having a family planning discussion, and having a contraceptive use discussion were analyzed using chi-square analyses. Potential predictors of contraceptive use were identified using exploratory forward conditional logistic regression and univariate logistic regression analyses. ResultsA total of 163 patients were included; average age was 26.6 years; 71% identified as male, 5% identified as masculine, and 25% identified as nonbinary. Most patients (92%) were prescribed masculinizing therapy (testosterone). Forty-five (28%) patients had documented contraception use; the most common form was permanent contraception (76%). Most patients (68%) did not have any documented contraindications to contraception based on CDC US Medical Eligibility Criteria for contraceptive use. Of 113 patients with a documented sexual orientation, 45 patients (40%) reported having sex with persons who have a penis; only 13 (29%) of those patients had a documented form of contraception. Family planning discussions were documented for 82% of patients. Family planning discussions that specifically addressed contraception were documented in only 49% of patients. However, the odds of a patient having a documented use of contraception was 9.26 times higher when family planning discussions specifically addressed contraception. ConclusionDocumented contraception use was low in people assigned female at birth of childbearing age receiving care at a gender-affirming clinic. Due to increased risks of unintended pregnancy in this population and the teratogenic nature of testosterone, family planning discussion should also include discussions related to contraception, as this was associated with increased contraception use. Additional research is needed to address potential barriers to contraception use in this population.

MEDIA EXPOSURE AS A PREDICTOR OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG CHILDBEARING AGE WOMEN IN INDONESIA

The study analyzes media exposure as a predictor of contraceptive use among childbearing-age women in Indonesia. The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Data Survey. This study's analysis unit was childbearing-age women (15-49 yo.), totaling 49,627 respondents. Media exposure includes newspapers/magazines, radio, television, and the internet. Binary Logistic Regression was used for the final test to determine the predictors. The results show that the frequency of reading newspapers or magazines partially affects contraceptive use. Meanwhile, the frequency of listening to the radio had no significant effect on contraceptive use. Women who watch television less than once a week are 1.433 times more likely than those who do not watch television. Women who watch television at least once a week are 1.737 times more likely than those who do not watch television to use a contraceptive. The more often women see television, the higher the likelihood of using contraceptives. On the other hand, internet use has had a partial effect on contraceptive use. The study concludes that the types of media exposure that can predict contraceptive use in women of childbearing age in Indonesia are the frequency of reading newspapers, watching television, and using the internet. The frequency of watching television has the most substantial influence on contraceptive use. The novelty and scientific contribution of the study was the media exposure as a predictor of contraceptive use among childbearing-age women. Previous studies rarely disclose information about it. Keywords: Media Exposure, Contraceptive Use, Family Planning, Childbearing Age, Population DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.2.4

Gender differentials of contraceptive knowledge and use among youth - evidence from demographic and health survey data in selected African countries.

Improving family planning demand and uptake has both social and economic benefits, including increasing education attainment, reducing poverty and increased participation in the labour force. Also, contraceptive use remains a key driver in Africa to facilitate demographic transition and the demographic dividend. However, numerous challenges have prevented the take-up of contraception across the continent. This is more so the case among African youth that present the lowest levels of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine gender differences in contraceptive use and knowledge of sexually active young people (15-24 years) in sub-Saharan African countries. This study used data from nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa through the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) of Benin, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Data analysis entailed frequency distributions and cross-tabulations to describe the gender-differentiated levels of contraceptive use and knowledge among youth. Additionally, logistic regression showed the gender-specific predictors of contraceptive use for African youth. Our findings present the gender-specific predictors of contraceptive use and will contribute to policy and programme formulation for African countries and organisations that promote contraceptive use.

Pathways to reproductive autonomy: Using path analysis to predict family planning outcomes in the United States.

In the United States, about half of pregnancies are unintended, and most women of reproductive age are at risk of unintended pregnancy. Research has explored predictors of contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy, but there is a lack of research regarding access to preferred contraceptive method(s) and the complex pathways from sociodemographic factors to these family planning outcomes. This study applied Levesque et al.'s (2013) healthcare access framework to investigate pathways from sociodemographic factors and indicators of access to family planning outcomes using secondary data. Data were collected at four time points via an online survey between November 2012 and June 2014. Participants were US women of reproductive age who were seeking to avoid pregnancy (N=1036; Mage =27.91, SD=5.39; 6.9% Black, 13.6% Hispanic, 70.2% white, 9.4% other race/ethnicity). We conducted mediational path analysis, and results indicated that contraceptive knowledge (β=0.116, p=0.004), insurance coverage (β=0.423, p < 0.001), and relational provider engagement (β=0.265, p=0.011) were significant predictors of access to preferred contraceptive method. Access to preferred contraceptive method directly predicted use of more effective contraception (β=0.260, p < 0.001) and indirectly predicted decreased likelihood of experiencing unintended pregnancy via contraceptive method(s) effectiveness (β=-0.014, 95% confidence interval: -0.041, -0.005). This study identifies pathways to and through access to preferred contraceptive methods that may be important in determining family planning outcomes such as contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy. This information can be used to improve access to contraception, ultimately increasing reproductive autonomy by helping family planning outcomes align with patients' needs and priorities.

Predictors of contraceptive use among young married women in India: Does pregnancy history matter?

Contraceptive use and its correlates among young women continue to draw research attention due to its implication for fertility reduction, improved maternal and child health, and sexual and reproductive rights. This study explores the association between pregnancy history and contraceptive use among currently married young women (aged 15-24 years at childbirth) in India. Data from the National Family Health Survey (2019-2021) was analyzed through STATA with a significance level of 5%. The births in the last 5 years preceding the survey to the women aged 15-24 years at childbirth (n=127 954) were considered for analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to check the unadjusted and adjusted effects of the pregnancy history on contraceptive use. Young women with a history of mistimed pregnancy had significantly lower odds of using modern limiting methods of contraception (odds ratio [OR]=0.90, confidence interval [CI]=0.82-0.98), and those with a prior unwanted pregnancy were more likely to use modern limiting methods of contraception (OR=1.75, CI=1.57-1.95). Pregnancy history influences young married women's current contraceptive use in India. Family planning programs may use the contacts with antenatal, delivery, and post-delivery care system as an opportunity to identify women with an unwanted pregnancy, especially those educationally and economically weaker, for targeted information and service delivery. Better counseling of potential young contraceptive acceptors will ensure informed decision-making and increased use of modern spacing methods.

Levels, method choice and predictors of contraceptive use among males in southern Africa.

This study assessed the relative risk of using male and partner contraceptive methods relative to non-use, identified the types of methods preferred by participants, and assessed the associated determinants of the use of male and partner methods. It used secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Participants were sexually active men aged 15-54. The study found that 32% of respondents did not utilize any method, while 36% and 32% used partner and male methods, respectively. The male method was more prevalent among men who had two or more sexual partners and among urban dwellers, while the partner method was predominant among those with less than two children and those who were indifferent about whether contraception is a woman's business. The study recommends that family planning programs should pay attention to male contraceptive needs and concerns.

Comparative analysis of contraceptive use in Punjab and Manipur: exploring beyond women\u2019s education and empowerment

BackgroundWomen’s education and empowerment are important predictors of contraceptive use across countries. However, two of the Indian states, namely, Punjab and Manipur, showed large variations in contraceptive use, despite the similar level of women’s educational attainment and empowerment. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand variation in contraceptive use between these states, despite having similar level of educational attainment and empowerment among the married women.MethodsThis study primarily used cross-sectional data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015–16 and to some extent the District Level Household Survey (DLHS) 2012–13 data. The analytical sample includes 13,730 currently married women in Punjab and 8,872 in Manipur. Modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) is the key outcome variable of this study. Bivariate, multivariate, and multilevel regression analysis are applied to understand the differences in mCPR between these states and its determinants.ResultsMean years of schooling was about 8 years among women of both the states, and about 34% of the women in Punjab and 27% of the women in Manipur have high level of autonomy. Despite this, use of modern method was 66% in Punjab and only 13% in Manipur. Coverage of family planning program indicators were significantly lower in Manipur than Punjab – frontline workers’ (FLWs) outreach for family planning was only 18% in Manipur compared to 52% in Punjab. Similarly, only 11% of the public health facilities in Manipur compared to 50% of the health facilities in Punjab were ready to provide at least one clinical method of family planning.ConclusionDespite the similar level of individual level characteristics across the two states, poor coverage of family planning programs – low outreach of FLWs, low level of facility readiness, as well as sociocultural norms discouraging contraceptive use – might be responsible for lower contraceptive use in Manipur than Punjab. This implies for strengthening the health system for family planning in Manipur to meet the contraception needs of women by addressing sociocultural barriers in the state.

Knowledge and Utilization of Contraceptive Methods among Secondary School Female Adolescents in Rwamagana District, Rwanda

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is a global health concern. Many adolescent deaths occur due to early marriage and pregnancy. This study assessed knowledge and utilization of contraception among secondary school female adolescents at selected secondary schools in Rwamagana district.MethodsCross-sectional design using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 117 participants selected by simple random. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% confidence interval, employing SPSS Version 23. Dependent variable was the use of contraceptive and independent variables were socio-demographics and knowledge variables. Bivariate analysis assessed the association between independent and dependent variables. Multivariate analysis assessed the strength of association between dependent and independent variables by computing Odds Ratio. Results are presented in tables and figures. ResultsThe majority (88%) had heard of contraception, though knowledge about contraception was inadequate (61.54%). Level of contraceptive use was low (17%). The significant independent predictors of contraceptive use were the level of education, having heard of contraception, knowledge of source of contraception, and knowledge of specific contraception methods. ConclusionHearing about contraception, was not proportionately associated with knowledge or practicing contraception among the sexually active female adolescents. There is a need to enhance sex education, youth-friendly health services, and research.&#x0D; Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):71-84

Spousal communication, fertility preference and other factors affecting contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Objective: To assess and compare the relationship between spousal communication, fertility preference, and other factors with contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Ado- Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria between the 12th of August 2017 and the 15th of February 2018. A pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 976 respondents by a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed (univariate, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analysis) using SPSS version 24.0. Factors that showed statistical significance (P&lt;0.05) were included in a binary logistic regression to determine significant predictors of contraceptive use. Results: The proportion of respondents currently using contraceptives was 56.9%. The education status of the respondents revealed that those with primary education were more likely to use contraceptives than those without formal education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-36.2, P&lt;0.001]. Respondents with fair spousal communication were more likely to use contraceptive than those with poor communication (aOR 4.9, 95% CI 2.80-8.71, P&lt;0.001). In addition, fertility preference of 4 or less children was found to be significantly associated with contraceptive use (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.67-5.50, P&lt;0.001) compared to a preference of more than 4 children. Finally, the urban respondents were more likely to use contraceptives than those in the rural setting (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16-2.41, P=0.047). Conclusions: Educational status, residential site, spousal communication, and fertility preference significantly influence the level of contraceptive use among married couples. Couples should endeavor to discuss more on issues bordering on their fertility preference and contraceptive issue. Government should formulate policies to improve the rural uptake of contraceptives using identified target interventions.

Contraceptive Use and Its Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth within 12 Months in Dubti Town, Pastoral Community, of Afar Region Northeast, Ethiopia.

Introduction Substantial numbers of women are not using contraceptives in their postpartum period and die due to avoidable causes related to birth complications. Contraceptives use within 12 months of childbirth has given less attention in Ethiopia. Thus, this study is aimed to assess contraceptive use and its associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months in Dubti town, pastoral community of Afar region, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 342 women in the Dubti town. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to identify and enroll women. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were done, and logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with contraceptive use. The statistical association was measured by odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results In this study, 103 (30.1%) [95% CI: 25.4%, 35.1%] women have used contraceptives. Women who had secondary educational level (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI (1.68, 7.36), had antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.01, 3.69), and visited by health worker after delivery (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI (1.37, 4.68) were associated with increased odds of contraceptives use. Conclusions This study revealed that the prevalence of contraceptive use was low compared to the national recommended figure. Secondary educational level, having antenatal care follow-up, and being visited by health workers after delivery were predictors of contraceptive use. Thus, increase the educational status of women, antenatal care follow-up service, and visiting after delivery by health workers are important interventions to promote the use of contraceptives in the postpartum period.

Prevalence and Predictors of Contraceptive Use Among Women of Premenopausal Period in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Data Analysis.

BackgroundContraceptive use is internationally endorsed as a human right and an indicator of the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health life. But reports from countries including Ethiopia showed a lower and capricious rate due to wider factors. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and the predictors of contraceptive use among women of the premenopausal period.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional data analysis was performed from Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey 2019 in January 2021. A total of 3260 premenopausal women were included by stratified sampling, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Data were initially analyzed descriptively, and tests were done for variable multicollinearity, and model goodness of fit and predictive capacity. Subsequently, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed successively for the crude and adjusted odds ratio, and finally declared variables with a p-value of <0.05 as predictors of contraceptive use.ResultsThe study included 3260 women with an average age of 41.66 (standard deviation ±3.9) years. The overall prevalence of contraceptive use was reported 17% and explained to vary by women’s age, place of residence, education level, wealth index, and current working statuses. However, only the age, education, and wealth index of women have predicted a statistical significance with contraceptive use. Accordingly, an increase in women’s age was found to increase contraceptive use more likely by 89% [AOR=0.89 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.92)]. Similarly, primary [AOR = 1.53, (95% CI: 1.20, 195)], secondary [AOR = 2.57, (95% CI: 1.70)] or higher [AOR = 2.64, (95% CI: 1.67, 4.20)] level educated women were about twice more likely to use contraceptive methods than uneducated women. Finally, women in poorer [AOR = 3.11 (95% CI: 2.17, 4.46)], middle [AOR = 3.03 (95% CI: 2.09, 4, 37)], rich [AOR = 3.70, (95% CI: 2.58, 5.31)] or richest [AOR = 3.42, (95% CI: 2.39, 4, 88)] wealth index were more than 3 times more likely use contraceptive methods when compared to women of the poorest wealth index.ConclusionThe prevalence of contraceptive use among premenopausal women in Ethiopia is low and utmost related to age, education level, and wealth index of women.

Factors associated with modern contraceptive use: a comparative analysis between younger and older women in Umlazi Township, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Introduction:Unplanned pregnancy continues to be a global reproductive and public health concern among women. This study aimed to investigate whether factors associated with modern contraceptive use differ by age-group among young and older women of reproductive age.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 433 women of reproductive age, with the median age of 25 years (interquartile range: 21–28), and aged between 18 and 49. Data were collected from 10 public health care clinics in Umlazi Township, KwaZulu-Natal, using a structured questionnaire. Data were coded, entered into Epi Data Manager and exported to Stata for analysis. A Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression models were employed to assess the level of the association between the predictor and outcome variables, and the p-value of 0.05 or lower was considered statistically significant.Results:Most women in the sample (n = 351, 81%) had obtained a secondary level of education, while 53% (n = 230) were unemployed and 89% (n = 387) were single. We found that women with secondary level of education (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 0.99–5.38) or a tertiary level of education (AOR 3.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.53) were more likely to use contraceptive methods compared to women with lower education. Women who experienced unplanned pregnancy (AOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22–3.79) were more likely to use contraceptives. Women aged 25–49 years who experienced pregnancy, whether planned (AOR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.08–3.89) or unplanned (AOR 3.60, 95% CI: 2.15–4.19), were more likely to use a contraceptive method. Results showed that the level of education (p = 0.942) and whether one experienced unplanned pregnancy (p = 0.913) were not significant predictors of contraceptive use among women aged 18–24 years.Conclusion:Concerted educational efforts to addressing existing barriers deterring women from accessing contraception among young women are necessary. Different groups of women should be targeted with family planning interventions specific to their needs.

Predictors of contraceptive method mix in the Cameroon development corporation plantation camps.

Introductionlow socioeconomic status is a risk factor for maternal death and contraceptive use has been shown to reduce maternal deaths in those poor settings. Despite the tremendous benefits of contraceptives in the regulation of reproductive health indicators, its use in less developed countries continue to remain unacceptably low. The purpose of this study was primarily to assess the contraceptive method mix and then determine the predictors of contraceptive use in the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) plantation camps.Methodsmix sampling was used. Firstly, two CDC camp localities (Tiko and Pena Mboko) were purposively selected. Pre-existing clusters within these localities were then randomly selected and then eligible participants within the sampled clusters systematically selected. Using the main street junction as starting point, direction of sample collection was determined by spinning a plastic bottle. From the start of street junction and moving in direction of the bottle pointer, all households left to the principal investigator were visited in search of eligible participants which were sexually active women aged 15-49 years who gave consent/assent. One participant was selected per household. We used pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires that covered information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health and contraceptive use. Statistical significance was set at p-value ≤ 0.05.Resultssix hundred and thirty four (634) sexually active women aged 15-49 years were included in the study; majority were 25-35 years (246; 38.8%). The current contraceptive prevalence was 63.1% [59.3-66.8] (400); of which 312 participants (78%) used a single method while 88 (22%) participants used contraceptives in combination. The most common methods in use were rhythm (196; 49%), male condom (109; 27.2%) and implants (63; 15.8%). When adjusted, statistically significant determinants for contraceptive use were age range and marital status such that odds of using contraceptives was lower in women < 35 years and those cohabiting (AOR= 0.71 [0.50-1.00] and AOR=0.62 [0.44-0.87] respectively).Conclusioncurrent contraceptive practice in the CDC plantation camps is geared toward less effective traditional methods than the more effective modern methods. More health education is needed to adjust this paradigm.

Predictors of Contraception Use Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study is to explore the factors that could predict contraceptive use. This will help develop interventions to increase the use of family planning methods among Syrian refugees. We conducted a cross sectional survey on a random sample of male and female Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon. Data collection took place between September 2016 and February 2017 collected from 5 districts: Bekaa, Beirut and Mount Lebanon, North, and South Lebanon. Seven hundred and ninety-five Syrian refugees (males and females) were recruited from health care centers in areas with greatest concentration of Syrian refugees. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Student t test was used for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables along with logistic regression models. Statistical significance was achieved at p-value < 0.05. Around 40% of the Syrian refugees currently use contraceptives. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with use of contraceptives were discussing contraception use with a health care practitioner, originating from Damascus, planning for the desired number of children, and receiving any form of external assistance. On the other hand, factors associated with lack of use of contraceptives were residing in South Lebanon or Bekaa and living in unfinished buildings, work sites, or unused garage, with two or less rooms. Contraception use among Syrian refugees in Lebanon is multifactorial with some factors being modifiable. Efforts should be made to educate and motivate health care practitioners to discuss contraceptive use with refugees for optimal public health outcomes that would protect women from the risks of unintended pregnancies.

Spousal age difference and its effect on contraceptive use among sexually active couples in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

BackgroundAge difference among spouses can be considered as an indicator of the nature of the marital bond, and influences the couple’s fertility expectations. The age difference is one of the features of the traditional African marriage system. However, the likelihood that women use of contraceptives and spousal age differences is not well studied. Thus, this study was to examine the spousal age difference on contraceptive use.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to examine spousal age differences and its effect on contraceptive use among sexually active couples in Ethiopia.MethodsThe related variables for this study were extracted from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. IBM SPSS statistics version 20 software was used for analysis. Logistic regression was conducted to see the association between spousal age difference and contraceptive use. All analyses were adjusted for sample weights.ResultsOut of the 7268 selected women for contraceptive usage questions, one fourth (25.3%) of them were between ages 25 and 29 and in almost all 7061 (98.4%) of them there was spousal age differences, 1555 (21.4%) of them were from poor socioeconomic group. Nearly all 7184 (98.8%) of them knew contraceptive method. However, among those sexually active in the last 4 weeks only two in five (41.2%) were using a contraceptive method.Spousal age difference was found to be significant factor and women older than their spouses were (AOR: 1.771, 95%CI: 1.276, 2.459) more likely and women having spouse’s age difference greater than 10 years were 1.2% (AOR: .988, 95%CI: .848, 1.150) less likely to use contraception compared to those age difference is ten or less than years respectively.Also, women who were living in urban areas (AOR: 1.482, 95%CI: 1.161 to 1.890), current working status (AOR: 1.170; 95%CI: 1.033 to 1.325), from richest economic category (AOR: 2.560; 95%CI: 2.000 to 3.278) husband’s education, couples’ fertility preference (AOR: 1.233; 95%CI: 1.070 to 1.420) were contraception use predictors. Similarly, being Muslim by religion (AOR: .579 95%CI: 0.496 to 0.675) and husband based decision for their health care use were (AOR: .847, CI: .729 to .985) less likely to use contraception.Conclusion and recommendationThis study found association between spousal age differences and contraceptive use. Similarly, women’s age, age difference, place of residence, religion, current working status, socioeconomic, husband’s education, living children and current pregnancy, the couples’ fertility preference and who decides on health care use were found to be predictors of contraceptive use. Strengthening strategies for improving women’s educational status, socio-economic and demographic that will help to limit the age differences and improve contraceptive use. Further study, including qualitative is recommended to dig out the why components and better understand this finding.

CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG WOMEN WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN ADDIS ABABA PUBLIC HOSPITALS, ETHIOPIA

Women with chronic non-communicable diseases are at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which may be minimized through optimal preconception care and appropriate contraceptive use. Information on the contraceptive use and affecting factors among women with chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia is rare. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of contraceptive use and associated factors among women with chronic non-communicable diseases in Addis Ababa’s, public hospitals. A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed on 357 women with chronic non-communicable diseases. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study participants. The Data were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaires and was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at 95% CI and P &lt; 0.05 was used to determine the final predictor in the model. Of the total women, only 124(34.2%) were contraceptive users. Majority of women with chronic non-communicable diseases were diabetic 140(39.2%), and hypertensive 134(37.5%). Those who discussed with their husband and got counselling were higher contraceptive users with AOR=2.5, 95% CI :( 1.3, 5.1) and AOR= 3.6, 95% CI (1.6, 8) respectively. Discussion with husband and counselling about contraceptive use were found the main predictors of contraceptive use.