Mapping soil classes can support the understanding of soil origin and development, subsequently the soil classes can be used to support monitoring and assessing soil change due to human influence. Pedogenon was proposed as a conceptual soil taxon derived from a set of quantitative state variables representing the soil-forming factors for a given reference time. This study aims to test the pedogenon concept in the Edgeroi region in New South Wales. This paper developed local pedogenons, designed a sampling scheme to capture soil variation under natural conditions and under intensive human activities, and tested the hypothesis that pedogenon is an efficient method of stratifying the landscape to capture soil variation. This study derived the 14 pedogenons by employing layers of soil-forming factors (soil, climate, organism, topography, and parent material and age) using an unsupervised classification technique (k-means clustering). Within each pedogenon, genosoils were identified based on areas with native vegetation, while phenosoils were identified as areas with cropping practises. One meter soil cores were collected for each genosoil and phenosoil, and scanned using Vis-NIR spectrometer for predicting soil properties (clay, sand, cation exchange capacity, pH, and organic carbon). Results show that each pedogenon was characterised by a soil type formed under a dominant parent material occupying a unique position in the landscape. Redundancy discriminant analysis of the soil properties as a function of pedogenon and depth of observations show that pedogenon significantly explained the variation in soil properties. Variance partitioning analysis confirmed that pedogenon explained a large proportion of the variation (49 %) as opposed to landuse (5 %). Principal component analysis of the soil properties shows that genosoils had twice the variation of phenosoils. The results indicate that agricultural activities homogenised the variation of soil profiles. This study demonstrated that pedogenon clasess can effectively characterise soil variation and be used as a benchmark to compare how human activities have altered soil conditions.