Predicate Sentence Research Articles

The Syntactic Paradox “Single Sentence''

The article proposes a cognitive revision of sentence invariants with respect to the explication of main parts. Confusing `composition' and `structure' and bringing a morphological nomenclature of word classes to nominate invariants is a methodological problem. Extrapolation of terms from level to level adds contradiction to the categories and is a problem in the learning and acquisition of the language and its grammar. A cognitively correct sentence on this basis is one-component, subject or predicate, subject or predicate, but not one-component, because they are parts of the structure, not of the composition. The predicate sentence is always personal, but when it is expressed by a verb with a form in the third person only, i.e. in principle, there is no first and second position of the paradigm of this morphological category, it is subjectless.

A Study of Nominal Predicate Sentences Under the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

A Study of Nominal Predicate Sentences Under the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

A Brief in the Predicate Sentence by Imam Al-Hammam Taj Al-Mullah Wal-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad Al-Isfrayini known as Al-Fadil (684 A.H.)

A Brief in the Predicate Sentence by Imam Al-Hammam Taj Al-Mullah Wal-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad Al-Isfrayini known as Al-Fadil (684 A.H.)

Ritam pripovedanja i karakteristike složene rečenice u zbirci „Sumnjiva sahrana“

The paper highlights the syntactic characteristics of the sentence and (partially) the organization of the text that contribute to the formation of a spe- cific rhythm of narration in Jovan Radulović’s collection of short stories Sumnjiva sahrana. It is shown that dominant procedures are the following: sequencing co- ordinated (often asyndetic) predicative sentences, amplification and cummulation, and repetition of lexemes, syntagms and modified larger parts of the text.

The syntax and semantics of Swedish copular sentences: a comparative perspective

This paper investigates the (recent) case alternation in Swedish equative and predicational copular sentences (‘Cicero is Tully’, ‘Cicero is a nice guy’). A central contribution of the paper is showing that this alternation is an LF-phenomenon, contra Sigurðsson (in: Hartmann, Molnárfi (eds) Comparative studies in Germanic syntax: from Afrikaans to Zurich German. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2006) who conjectures that Swedish is changing in the direction of English and Danish, where all postcopular DPs receive Accusative case, regardless of interpretation. The Swedish alternation is shown to track the same semantic dimension that conditions the choice of predicate case in languages like Polish, Russian and Dutch, namely the distinction between stage and individual level predication. Interestingly, the Swedish alternation is also shown to share distributional properties with the predicate case alternations in these languages. To account for these observations, I propose that the morphological and semantic contrasts between the two alternants are mediated by a structural difference, such that Nominative case involves a biclausal structure, and Accusative a monoclausal structure. This paper further adds to the typological picture, showing that Swedish patterns like Polish, Russian and Dutch, but unlike English and Danish, not just in terms of equative and predicational sentences, but also in specificational copular sentences (‘The fastest runner here is Lisa’). I argue that a particular kind of predicate inversion analysis is required to account for the Swedish type of specification.

Sentence Pattern and Usage of Adjective Predicative Construction for Idoukankei

This paper is a study of the sentence pattern and usage in Japanese adjective predicative sentences that express Idoukankei. The adjectives that express the meaning of Idoukankei include the original adjective hitosii (“to be equal”) and the transferred adjectives chikai and tooi (“near” and “far,” respectively). These two types of adjectives differ in many ways, such as how they are used in sentence pattern and the characteristics of their usage. The overall results of the analysis are as follows.BR (1) Hitosii has two uses: “judgment of similarity based on comparative criteria” and “judgment of sameness.” The main sentence patterns of the former were “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A” and “N3ni＋N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A”; for the latter, they were “N1ha･ga＋A,” “N2ha･ga＋N1to＋A,” and “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A.”BR (2) The main usage of chikai and tooi was: “judgement of movement based on comparison criteria.” The main sentence patterns of this usage were “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A,” ‘N2ha･ga＋N1to＋A,” and “N3ni＋N2ha･ga＋N1ni･kara＋A.”BR (3) The usages “judgment of similarity based on comparative criteria” for hitosii and “judgement of movement based on comparison criteria” for the phrase “chikai, tooi” shared many similar characteristics, including the number of different categories in the sentence, use of postposition, subject of the judgment, and replacement of the noun phrases themselves (or the order). However, there was no single-category sentence in these usages.BR (4) The usage “judgment of sameness” for hitosii indicates the comparison of multiple objects. The main sentence patterns were single-category sentences in which hitosii replaced the noun phrase itself and two-category sentences in which the order changed such that the subject was not being judged.BR (5) As the main usage of the postposition, ni and kara represented the criteria for judgment and to the object of the judgment.

Спонтанности и сингулярности: гипотетический подход Канта к сверхчувственному и к пересмотру оснований метафизики

The hypothetical approach to the supersensible developed by Kant in his three Critiques, exemplified by his analysis of the aesthetic and reflective judgment in his third Critique, with their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered as the basis for a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible reality by means of predicative sentences and discursive thought. Taking Kant’s lead, but in contrast to his terminology, I call really existent singularities, including the thinking, knowing, desiring, feeling unique individuals we know as human beings, spontaneities, in order to distinguish them from descriptive characteristics attributed to them by predicative thought. Kant’s “practico-dogmatic” account of the postulates of God and immortality of the soul, based on the “fact of freedom” and its connection to the moral imperative, ensure the possibility of the “highest good” as final aim of moral behaviour — but cannot satisfy our need for knowledge of the supersensible. To “lay the groundwork” for experience of our own self-conscious reality, the reality of others like ourselves, of things which transcend the boundaries of sense intuition, and of true reciprocity, a different method is needed, one which leads us “beyond being and thought” to the unconditional beginning of conditional reality.

The Indeterminacy of the Distinction between Objects and Ways of Being

Few if any distinctions are more easily recognisable and assented to than that between objects, that is, things which are some ways, and that which they are, that is, ways for objects to be (‘ways of being’ for short). In this paper I present an argument designed to show that this distinction is indeterminate in the sense that the truth-conditions of predicational sentences leave open what should count as an object and a way of being. The bulk of the argument is inspired by the celebrated permutation argument advanced by Quine, Wallace, Putnam and others.

<i>Eppur non si muove</i>: Experimental evidence for the Unaccusative Hypothesis and distinct ɸ-feature processing in Basque

The Unaccusative Hypothesis (UH) has been extensively studied in linguistics, but, to date, it has not been tested by means of ERPs. The present study aimed to experimentally test the UH hypothesis in Basque and determine what the electrophysiological correlates are of the processing of unergative versus unaccusative predicates; it also aimed to investigate distinctness in phi-feature processing. We generated eight conditions to compare unergative and unaccusative predicate sentence processing involving phi-feature violations in grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. Participants responded faster to sentences containing unaccusative predicates compared to unergative predicates. All conditions elicited a N400-P600 interaction. Overall, the negativity elicited by person violations was larger than the negativity elicited by number violations in both types of predicates. Intransitives differed regarding the size of the positivity elicited by phi-feature violations: unaccusatives elicited a larger positivity for number than for person feature violations, but unergatives elicited a larger positivity for person than for number.

KALIMAT BAHASA SIANG

The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method because the method and technique of this research is fact findings that exist in the field as it is. Problem solved in this research are the problems associated with the system language syntax Siang. Thus, this study generally aims to collect data, analyze, and describe in depth and detail the syntax of the language system Siang. The results of this study indicate that the constituents of sentences in Siang include core constituents and constituents periphery. Common constituent sequence is the subject-predicate-object or simply the subject and predicate. Based on capital characteristics, characteristics, types, and patterns of sentences in Siang include declarative sentence, imperative and interrogative. Based on the characteristics of the predicate sentence in Siang include 1) an active sentence consisting of active transitive sentences, active bitransitif, active intransitive transitive and intransitive sentences, 2) stative sentence consists of stative sentences ejuatif, locative, descriptive, eksistensional, and possessive. Characteristics, types and patterns Siang language sentence by sentence with diathesis include diathesis active and passive voice

PENGGUNAAN KALIMAT DALAM TEKS BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII B SMP PEMBANGUNAN LABORATORIUM UNP TAHUN AJARAN 2018

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe the use of sentences in the news text of class VIII B SMP Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP academic year 2018. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The research entry is the news text writing of class VIII B students, amounting to 28 texts from 28 people. Data collection is done through documentation studies. Data were analyzed by referring to the Miles and Huberman models with steps, namely (1) doing data reduction, (2), displaying data, and (3) making conclusions and verification (conclusion drawing / verification). Based on the results of the study, the use of sentences used in the text includes single sentences and compound sentences. The use of single sentences was found 105 (57%) of 183 sentences as research data. Whereas, compound sentences were found 78 (42%) of 183 sentences as research data. The use of sentences based on single sentences is found 81 (76%) verbal predicate sentences of 105 single sentences, 8 (8%) numeral predicate sentences of 105 single sentences, 7 (7%) nominal sentences of 105 single sentences, 6 (6%) sentences the sentence has an adjunctival predicate of 105 single sentences, and 3 (3%) prepositional prediction of 105 single sentences. Then, the use of sentences based on compound sentences found 41 (53%) compound sentences equivalent from 78 compound sentences and 37 (47%) multilevel compound sentences from 78 compound sentences. Kata kunci: Teks Berita, Penggunaan Kalimat

الربط بالضمیر فی الصحافة اللیبیة (2009م-2012م)

Summary Linked by Pronoun in the Libyan Press (2009-2012) The research included seven sections preceded by introduction, preface and followed by a conclusion. I mentioned in the introduction the reason for choosing this topic and its importance and the objectives that the researcher seeks to achieve, and showed the method used by the research and the subject of the study. In the preface, the concept of interconnection dealt with the language and terminology, value of the link, its places, and the linkage in modern and ancient science, conscience language and terminologyThe sections of the study included: Relative Sentence, Predicate Sentence, Relative Clause, Adverb Sentence, Adjective Sentence, Question Tag, appositives. At the end of every chapter, I mentioned for linked by Pronoun in Libyan Press language in this chapter, which are the most common, lower, and unencumbered pronouns. At the end of chapters, I mentioned exclusively the percentages of pronouns in the preceding chapter. It showed that the link to pronouns in (Relative chapter) which is the most common in the language of the Libyan press, and that Personal pronouns are the most conscientious to use in linking and written text. In conclusion, the research ends with the results of what has been studied, followed by a list of sources and references, then a list of topics

A Study on the Function of ‘Hen’ in Adjective Predicate Sentences in Modern Chinese: Focusing on the Contrastive Linguistic Approach

A Study on the Function of ‘Hen’ in Adjective Predicate Sentences in Modern Chinese: Focusing on the Contrastive Linguistic Approach

A aceitabilidade do singular nu pré-verbal em Português Brasileiro

Nossa pesquisa investiga o julgamento de falantes nativos de Português Brasileiro (PB) com relação ao singular nu pré-verbal, dada a proposta de que a aceitabilidade de construções com esse nominal pode melhorar diante de fatores pragmáticos tais como o foco contrastivo. Em uma Tarefa de Julgamento de Aceitabilidade, falantes nativos de PB julgaram sentenças: i) genéricas; ii) com predicados-de-espécie; iii) com predicados-de-estágio. Nossos resultados sugerem que a presença do foco contrastivo pode interferir na aceitabilidade de construções com o singular nu pré-verbal, e que construções com predicados-de-espécie são gramaticais na língua. As sentenças com predicados-de-estágio apresentaram taxas baixas de aceitação.

Study of Adjective Predicate Sentence Organizing Condition in Modern Chinese for Korean Learners

Study of Adjective Predicate Sentence Organizing Condition in Modern Chinese for Korean Learners

A Study on the Temporal Continuous of Modern Chinese Adjective Predicate Sentence

A Study on the Temporal Continuous of Modern Chinese Adjective Predicate Sentence

“Subject-predicate predicate sentences” in modern Mandarin Chinese: A Cardiff Grammar approach

AbstractThis study investigates “subject-predicate predicate sentences” (“S-P P sentences”) in modern Mandarin Chinese from a Cardiff Grammar approach with the aim of answering three main questions: (i) What is/are the functional syntactic structure(s) of the sentences to be considered in the study? (ii) What is/are the semantic motivation(s) for the structure(s)? (iii) What is/are the contextual constraints on the structure(s)? The study is guided by three basic principles: (a) language is multifunctional; (b) meaning is primary while form is the realization of meaning; and (c) different strands of meaning are realized by a single syntactic structure. Further, the study utilizes the concepts of Theme and Subject within the Cardiff Grammar in order to analyze and discuss the generally acknowledged seven types of “S-P P sentences”. The results show that only one type is truly S-P P and another type only in one sense, whereas no other types can be categorized as such. All the syntactic structures are conditioned by a different set of distinctive semantic features and contextual factors.

Well-formed lists: specificational copular sentences as predicative inversion constructions

This article re-examines the case for analysing specificational NP be NP sentences as predicative inversions. Taking a constructional and functional perspective, I show that only predicational sentences exhibiting a relation of class inclusion permit a specificational interpretation, and argue, following Higgins (1979), that the form of specificational inversion sentences is dependent upon the construction-specific concept of specificational meaning. In this way, the account provides an explanation for the restrictions on NP predicative inversion that have posed a problem for inverse analyses developed from within the formalist tradition. Since the distributional facts can be better captured than with the alternative equative approach (which treats specificational sentences as instances of semantic equation), the article concludes that specificational copular sentences are best analysed as instances of predicative inversion.

Consideration on Limitation on Appearance of ‘le₂’ : Focused on general 'verb/adjective' predicate sentence

Consideration on Limitation on Appearance of ‘le₂’ : Focused on general 'verb/adjective' predicate sentence

Predicate Nominal Sentences with the Hebrew ze and Its Russian Counterpart eto

The article is devoted to Hebrew predicate nominal sentences in which the lexical item ze fulfills a copula-like function. A hypothesis is put forward according to which the demonstrative ze has acquired its new function under the influence of Slavic contact languages.