Amine Precursor Research Articles

Preparation and characteristics of soy protein isolate - Sea buckthorn flavone emulsion and their effects of on quality and heterocyclic amines of roasted mutton granules

A soy protein isolate (SPI) - sea buckthorn flavonoid emulsion was developed to study its effects on roasted lamb quality and heterocyclic amine (HAAs) precursors. The emulsion was stable with uniformly dispersed, well-encapsulated droplets averaging 0.1 to 10 μm. CLSM confirmed its good physical stability, small particle size, and uniform dispersion. FTIR the existence of hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction and physical adhesion between SPI and sea-buckthorn flavonoids. The emulsion improved lamb pellet texture by reducing chewiness and hardness, increasing adhesion, and decreasing browning. The emulsion-treated roasted mutton showed a 47.95–53.56 % increase in DPPH scavenging activity and MDA content reduction from 60.78 to 17.80 nmol/mg, indicating strong antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation inhibition. For both precursors and HAAs, there was a significant intensity of inhibition, where creatine decreased by about 44.91–68.34 %, glucose by 84.47 %–97.74 %, and the seven HAAs, Norharman, Harman, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, AαC, and PhIP, were inhibited by 79.64 %, respectively, 88.76 %, 65.07 %, 87.27 %, 96.16 %, 89.30 % and 49.44 %, respectively. This study aimed to develop a novel soy protein isolate-sea buckthorn flavonoid emulsion and evaluate its potential to improve roasted lamb quality while inhibiting the formation of harmful HAAs.

ReaxFF simulations on the transformation pathway of nitrogen elements in the heavy tar under oxy-coal combustion

Heavy tar is a crucial intermediate product during coal combustion. To explore the transformation pathway of N atoms in heavy tar under oxy-coal combustion, a comprehensive molecular model of heavy tar with typical N-containing functional groups was constructed. Different temperatures and chemical equivalence ratios were set for the oxy-coal combustion. The ReaxFF was employed to study various products' distribution and molecular numbers. The reaction network among different precursors and NOx was extracted, and the NO to N2 conversion mechanism was summarized. The results indicated that, like char combustion, the proportion of heavy tar gradually declined, the proportion of light tar and organic gas first rose and then gradually declined, and the proportion of inorganic gas continuously rose during heavy tar combustion. As the temperature increased, the proportion of cyanide precursors decreased, while the proportion of amine precursors and NOx increased. The oxidation of N-containing intermediates became more intense as the O2 content rose, but this oxidation effect was inhibited, and the NOx generation was reduced as the O2 content further increased. NO could bond with NHi, HNO, CN, and activate NO, decomposing to produce N2O, and N2O reacted with H radical to produce N2.

Synthesis, Photophysical, Antimicrobial Activity and In‐silico Study of Homoleptic Dithiocarbamate Complexes [MII{k2S^S‐S2CN(R)CH2C6H4OH}2] (R=2‐picolyl, 3‐picolyl; M=NiII, CuII, ZnII)

AbstractAn array of mononuclear dithiocarbamate complexes [MII{k2S^S‐S2CN(R)CH2C6H4OH}2] (R=2‐picolyl, M=NiII 1, CuII 2, ZnII 3, R=3‐picolyl, M=NiII 4, CuII 5, ZnII 6); incorporating heterocyclic backbone were synthesised from (2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐picolyl)amine (HL1) and (2‐hydroxybenzyl)(3‐picolyl)amine (HL2) precursors. The formulation of these complexes was examined using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV‐visible, Fluorescence, TGA/DTA) and further corroborated by DFT level calculation. Notably, precursors HL1 and HL2 exhibits maximum emission in the visible nm region (ca 502 and 408 nm) upon excitation of ultraviolet radiation at ~280 nm with concomitant Stokes shift ca 220 and 128 nm, respectively. The emission properties of these evidently suppressed after complexation with metal ions. Stability of 1–6 were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic moment along with UV‐visible of 1–6 suggests square‐planar environment around NiII and CuII and tetrahedral environment around ZnII in 1–6 which is in accord with their optimized geometries. Compounds were screened for in‐ vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, C. albicans, A. niger, A. clavatus by broth dilution method. Molecular docking study was performed to rationalize the results.

One-step solvothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with efficient red emission from conjugated perylene for multiple applications

Despite its significance for applications related to plant growth, the development of carbon dots (CDs) with bright red emissions still faces multiple obstacles. Herein, red emission hydrophobic carbon dots (RH-CDs) featuring one emission peak centered at 594 nm and a shoulder emission peak at 630 nm with a quantum yield of 34 % and a wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 100 nm (580 nm–680 nm) were synthesized by adopting large conjugated perylene anhydride and aromatic amine precursors under solvothermal conditions. Density functional theory calculations support the method of using larger conjugated systems and higher graphite N doping to increase red emissions from CDs. With a post-surface functionalization strategy, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified RH-CDs (QY = 12 %) were utilized as an anti-counterfeiting ink for information printing. Moreover, both blue-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and light conversion poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CDs film were fabricated with emission spectra that are consistent with the absorption spectra of plants, suggesting that the prepared RH-CDs may have widespread application potential as a stable fluorescent material in plant growth.

Inside Cover Picture

Divergent protein engineering of the natural transaminase Vf‐ω‐TA produced two effective mutants for synthesizing chiral amine precursors of Rivastigmine and Apremilast. Guided by crystal structures and focused mutagenesis, these mutants efficiently addressed challenging ketone substrates with high steric hindrance. Optimized reaction parameters achieved smooth transamination with excellent conversions and perfect stereochemical control (> 99% ee). More details are discussed in the article by Zhong et al. on pages 2335—2340.image

2,3-Difunctionalization of quinones: a gold-catalyzed cascade approach for trifluoromethyl-amination or sulfoximination.

A one-pot domino protocol employing gold(I) catalysis has been developed for the cascade trifluoromethyl-amination/sulfoximination of quinones. Togni I serves as the trifluoromethyl installing precursor, while amine or sulfoximine serves as the aminating source. Preliminary investigations suggest a mutual activation of Togni I and the amine precursor, facilitating the facile difunctionalization of quinones with excellent regioselectivity. Extensive substrate scope exploration demonstrates moderate to good yields of difunctionalized products. Application to the natural product Juglone highlights its potential for late-stage modifications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.

Microbial Dynamics and Metabolite Profiles in Different Types of Salted Seafood (Jeotgal) During Fermentation.

Salted and fermented seafood (jeotgal) is known for its long shelf life and unique flavor. Despite the existence of various types of salted seafood, the factors influencing this quality have yet to be identified. These factors are essential for improving the quality of salted seafood, optimizing the fermentation process, and advancing the industrialization of fermented foods. Therefore, in this study, we explored microbial dynamics and changes in quality characteristics in three salted seafood items - salted anchovies (MJ), salted cutlass offal (GJ), and salted croakers (HJ), over a 24-month fermentation period. Distinct microbial community profiles, dominated by Tetragenococcus halophilus, Halanaerobium fermentans, and Chromohalobacter canadensis in MJ, GJ, and HJ, respectively, affect the metabolic pathways and the corresponding flavor profiles. The pH of all samples ranged from 5.7-6.0. The titratable acidity was highest in MJ at 1.4% and lowest in HJ at approximately 0.7%. Salinity was below 25% in all samples but slightly lower in MJ. Significant differences were observed in the amino acid, nucleotide, and overall metabolite profiles. MJ exhibited the highest amino acid and nitrogen-related factor levels, such as glutamic acid and hypoxanthine, enhancing flavor complexity. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among the types, metabolites, and microbial communities. Microbial survival mechanisms in high-salt environments result in the production of unique metabolites, including umami and aroma components as well as precursors of biogenic amines, which can affect the overall quality of the final product. These differences were primarily influenced by the fish type rather than the fermentation time. Our findings provide foundational insights for enhancing fermentation strategies, improving product consistency, and advancing the industrial application of microbial management in seafood fermentation. This study not only fills a significant gap in the current understanding of fermented seafood but also outlines practical approaches for industry applications for the optimization of product quality.

Hybrid Molecular Layer Deposition of Molybdenum-Aminates as Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts

The development of high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts from noble metal-free materials is critical to achieving cost-effective water splitting and ultimately realizing affordable hydrogen based on renewable energy. Compounds based on earth-abundant transition metals have been the subject of great research interest for this purpose, with metal nitrides gaining recent attention due to their high conductivity and corrosion resistance. Molybdenum nitride-based electrocatalysts have shown particular promise, with many of the best reported activities occurring in composite systems wherein crystalline MoNx domains are embedded in an amorphous N-doped carbon matrix. The present work demonstrates the formation of such uniquely active morphologies in films deposited by organic-inorganic hybrid molecular layer deposition (MLD).Hybrid MLD is a hybridization of other well-established layer-by-layer deposition techniques – namely atomic layer deposition (used to deposit inorganic films) and purely organic MLD. This family of techniques involves the cyclical exposure of a growth surface to alternating vapor-phase chemical precursors which react in a self-limiting fashion to saturate available surface sites, offering atomic- and molecular-level control over the resulting films. This presentation will introduce the successful development of hybrid MLD deposition procedures for new Mo-aminate materials using Mo(CO)6 as a Mo precursor and various amine precursors, including ethylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine.We will describe how the molecular level of control offered by this technique enables tunable variations in film composition and structure, lending unique insights into how the local bonding environment of Mo active sites affects their catalytic properties towards HER. Increased nitrogen loading in the MLD films was shown to decrease the overpotentials required to drive HER in acidic media (0.5 M H2SO4) and improve film stability. Catalysts with N/Mo ratios above 2 demonstrated the best performance, with overpotentials lower than 400 mV at -10 mA/cm2. By incorporating organic components in the MLD films, it was possible to induce desirable morphological changes in the catalytic material – notably including the development of increased active site density – simply through initial exposure to HER testing conditions. The choice of organic precursor affected the rate and extent of these changes through structural effects like crosslinking and crystallinity, which led to more stable catalysts, slowed the rate of morphological changes, and impacted final film structure.

Synthesis and structural elucidation of cytotoxic mono and dinuclear rhenium carbonyl complexes bearing bis-{1,3-(imino pyrrolyl)-m-chloro phenyl)} ligand

A mononuclear and dinuclear rhenium tricarbonyl compounds were synthesized by the one-pot condensation reaction of [Re(CO)5Br], pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 4‑chloro-m-phenylene diamine. The mononuclear rhenium tricarbonyl complex containing {3-(imino pyrrolyl)-6‑chloro phenylamine)} ligand (IPP) with formula {[Re(CO)3Br(IPP)], (1), was obtained by refluxing stoichiometric quantities of amine, aldehyde and rhenium metal precursor in methanol solution. Similarly, dinuclear rhenium tricarbonyl compound {[Re(CO)3Br]2(BIPP)], BIPP = bis-{1,3-(imino pyrrolyl)-m-chlorophenyl)}, (2) has been synthesized by refluxing appropriate amounts of aldehyde, and rhenium metal precursor in the presence of one equivalent of amine ligand. Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The luminescence properties of the formed complexes were studied in solution at room temperature, revealing an extended lifetime for the dinuclear complex 2 in comparison to 1. DFT calculations for the optimized structures helped to understand the geometry of the complexes, whereas TD-DFT revealed the vertical transitions responsible for the photophysical properties of the complexes. The cytotoxicity of such complexes against MCF-7 breast cancer has been also reported, revealing a dose-dependent growth inhibition attributed to a DNA-intercalating mode of binding for both complexes. The pronounced effect of the two metals on the cytotoxic studies and lifetime of the excited species were investigated. The greater intercalation ability of the complex 2 in comparison to complex1 obtained from circular dichroism studies also indicates the greater efficacy of Re complex 2.

Kanamycin−Cu(II) Complex Catalyzed Ullmann Amine Synthesis at Room Temperature: A Tool for Mechanistic Insights into Methylene Blue Degradation

AbstractThis study highlights the significance of the Ullmann coupling reaction in modern organic synthesis and advances catalytic methodologies through the introduction of a kanamycin−copper complex as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of diverse N−aryl compounds. We demonstrate the catalyst's versatility by synthesizing 20 diaryl−amine instances, 21 Ar(het)−N compounds, and 10 miscellaneous examples. NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy offer insights into the catalyst's behaviour. Additionally, DFT studies support the catalyst's proficiency in generating SO4−⋅ radicals by stabilizing with amino sugar moieties. Ex‐situ NMR experiments confirm a ternary complex‐based mechanism at concentrations below 0.1 μM. Furthermore, we showcase the degradation of methylene blue to its precursor amine under optimized conditions. Overall, this research underscores the potential of Ullmann condensation reactions in contemporary organic synthesis and contributes significantly to the advancement of catalytic methodologies.

Lung neuroendocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells. To define this type of tumor, the well-established term “carcinoid” continues to be used in clinical practice for years. In accordance with the characteristics of embryogenesis, three groups of neuroendocrine tumors are distinguished. The source of these tumors are neuroendocrine cells, which are located in almost all organs. The term itself and the concept of “neuroendocrine cell” have historically been repeatedly reassessed. In 1969 A. Pearse, based on the ability of these cells to utilize and decarboxylate amine precursors, introduced the term “APUD system” (aminoprecursor uptake and decarboxylation). Neuroendocrine cells, although they can secrete the same substances as neurons, but, unlike the latter, they participate not in topical, but in paracrine regulation of organs and tissues. They are located in all human organs and are the most important tool for maintaining homeostasis.In recent years, more and more publications have appeared about the frequent localization of neuroendocrine tumors in the lungs, and new approaches to the diagnosis of this pathology. This review presents the diagnostic features and clinical course of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Novel neuroprotective 5,6-dihydropyrido[2′,1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives acting through cholinesterase inhibition and CB2 signaling modulation

A novel group of 5,6-dihydropyrido [2′,1':2,3]imidazo [4,5-c]quinolines was prepared via a microwave assisted one-pot telescopic approach. The synthetic sequence involves the formation of an amine precursor of imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine via condensation and reduction under microwave irradiation. Subsequently, the Pictet-Spengler cyclisation reaction occurs with ketones (cyclic or acyclic) to obtain substituted 5,6-dihydropyrido [2′,1':2,3]imidazo [4,5-c]quinolines in excellent yields. The compounds were tested as neuroprotective agents. Observed protection of neuron-like cells, SH-SY5Y differentiated with ATRA, in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease models inspired further mechanistic studies of protective activity against damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a compound causing Parkinson's disease. The novel compounds exhibit similar or higher potency than ebselen, an established drug with antioxidant activity, in the cells against MPP + -induced total cellular superoxide production and cell death. However, they exhibit a significantly higher capacity to reduce mitochondrial superoxide and preserve mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed marked differences between a selected derivative and ebselen in terms of normalizing MPP + -induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. The cytoprotective activity was abrogated when signaling through cannabinoid receptor CB2 was blocked. The compounds also inhibit both acetylcholine and butyrylcholine esterases. Overall the data show that novel 5,6-dihydropyrido [2′,1':2,3]imidazo [4,5-c]quinoline have a broad cytoprotective activity which is mediated by several mechanisms including mitoprotection.

Divergent Protein Engineering of Transaminase for the Synthesis of Chiral Rivastigmine and Apremilast Precursors†

Comprehensive SummaryThe implementation of divergent protein engineering on the natural transaminase Vf‐ω‐TA led to the development of two effective mutants (M2 and M8), enabling the enzymatic synthesis of chiral amine precursors of Rivastigmine and Apremilast, respectively. The evolution of the enzymes was guided by crystal structures and a focused mutagenesis strategy, allowing them to effectively address the challenging ketone substrates with significant steric hindrance. Under the optimized reaction parameters, transamination proceeded smoothly in good conversions and with perfect stereochemical control (> 99% ee). These processes utilize inexpensive α‐methylbenzylamine as an amine donor and avoid the continuous acetone removal and costly LDH/GDH/NADH systems.

ZnO nanoparticles: A key ingredient of sunscreen shows absence of adverse effects on Drosophila melanization pathway

The rapid development of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) based sunscreens, shampoos and other skin care products has raised a concern about their safety at the cellular level. The melanization pathway, being an important pathway of skin cells, is prone to being affected by ZnO NPs. Therefore it is necessary to understand the ZnO NP mediated effect on the melanin synthetic pathway. Our previous study on bulk zinc oxide has shown that large sized zinc oxide particles did not have any adverse effect on melanization in Drosophila, hence it would be interesting to study the behavior of ZnO when present in the nano-form by virtue of the changed size and thereby changed properties. The present study was undertaken to investigate ZnO NP mediated effects on key metabolites of the Drosophila melanin pathway. Spectrophotometric analysis of melanin was performed. followed by a study of the enzyme activity of phenol oxidase and HPLC quantification of dopa and tyrosine. FTIR spectroscopy was carried out to examine the interaction of the ZnO NPs and precursor amines of the melanin synthetic pathway. Pigmentation mutants of Drosophila were also investigated for validation of the results under a different genetic background. The ZnO NPs did not show any decrement in the levels of melanin after the treatment. Moreover there was no adverse effect on the phenol oxidase activity, Tyrosine and L-Dopa. The FTIR studies showed minimal interaction between the ZnO NPs and the metabolites of the melanin pathway. The results of the present study have clearly indicated the absence of any adverse effects on key metabolites of the melanin pathway after ZnO NP treatment in both wild-type and mutant Drosophila. This is the first report of a detailed analysis of ZnO NP mediated effects on key constituents of the Drosophila melanization pathway, providing information about its safety for the usage in cosmetics.

Raman spectroscopy and one-dimensional convolutional neural network modeling as a real-time monitoring tool for in vitro transaminase-catalyzed synthesis of a pharmaceutically relevant amine precursor.

Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure the concentration of a pharmaceutically relevant model amine intermediate for positive allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a ω-transaminase-catalyzed conversion. A model based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network was developed to translate raw data augmented Raman spectra directly into substrate concentrations, with which the conversion from ketone to amine by ω-transaminase could be determined over time. The model showed very good predictive capabilities, with R2 values higher than 0.99 for the spectra included in the modeling and 0.964 for an independent dataset. However, the model could not extrapolate outside the concentrations specified by the model. The presented work shows the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a real-time monitoring tool for biocatalytic reactions.

Acridine photocatalysis enables tricomponent direct decarboxylative amine construction

Diverse amines and amino acids are now readily accessed from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and amine precursors in a direct decarboxylative reaction enabled by a homogeneous triple catalytic system based on acridine photocatalysis.

Streamlining the automated discovery of porous organic cages.

Self-assembly through dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) can yield a range of multi-component organic assemblies. The reversibility and dynamic nature of DCC has made prediction of reaction outcome particularly difficult and thus slows the discovery rate of new organic materials. In addition, traditional experimental processes are time-consuming and often rely on serendipity. Here, we present a streamlined hybrid workflow that combines automated high-throughput experimentation, automated data analysis, and computational modelling, to accelerate the discovery process of one particular subclass of molecular organic materials, porous organic cages. We demonstrate how the design and implementation of this workflow aids in the identification of organic cages with desirable properties. The curation of a precursor library of 55 tri- and di-topic aldehyde and amine precursors enabled the experimental screening of 366 imine condensation reactions experimentally, and 1464 hypothetical organic cage outcomes to be computationally modelled. From the screen, 225 cages were identified experimentally using mass spectrometry, 54 of which were cleanly formed as a single topology as determined by both turbidity measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Integration of these characterisation methods into a fully automated Python pipeline, named cagey, led to over a 350-fold decrease in the time required for data analysis. This work highlights the advantages of combining automated synthesis, characterisation, and analysis, for large-scale data curation towards an accessible data-driven materials discovery approach.

11C]CO2 BOP fixation with amines to access 11C-labeled ureas for PET imaging.

Carbon-11 (11C) is a widely used radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) owing to the omnipresence of carbon atoms in organic molecules. While its half-life of 20.4 min is ideal for imaging and dosimetry, it also limits the synthetic possibilities. As such, the development of fast and easy, high-yielding synthesis methods is crucial for the application of 11C-labeled tracers in humans. In this study, we present a novel and efficient method for the reaction of [11C]CO2 with amine precursors using benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) to access 11C-labeled ureas. Our method is extremely fast as it only requires transfer of [11C]CO2 into a solution with precursor and BOP at room temperature, where it reacts momentary into the desired 11C-labeled urea. This simple procedure makes it possible to radiolabel urea directly from [11C]CO2 without the need for advanced equipment, making the method applicable for all laboratories where [11C]CO2 is available. We synthesized a small series of aliphatic symmetrical and non-symmetrical 11C-labeled ureas using this method, and achieved good to excellent yields. The novelty of our study lies in the fact that peptide coupling reagent BOP is used for the first time in radiochemistry to activate [11C]CO2, facilitating its reaction with amines to obtain 11C-labeled ureas.

Revisiting the Landscape of Potential Small and Drug Substance Related Nitrosamines in Pharmaceuticals

N-Nitrosamines are a class of indirect acting mutagens, as their metabolic degradation leads to the formation of the DNA-alkylating diazonium ion. Following up on the in-silico identification of thousands of nitrosamines that can potentially be derived from small molecule drugs and their known impurities described in a previous publication, we have now re-analyzed this dataset to apply EMA's Carcinogenic Potency Categorization Approach (CPCA) introduced with the 16th revision of their Q&A document for Marketing Authorization Holders. We find that the majority of potential nitrosamines from secondary amine precursors belongs to potency categories 4 and 5, corresponding to an acceptable daily intake of 1500 ng, whereas nitrosamines from tertiary amine precursors distribute more evenly among all categories, resulting in a substantial number of structures that are assigned the more challenging acceptable intakes of 18 ng/day and 100 ng/day for potency categories 1 and 2, respectively. However, the nitrosative dealkylation pathway for tertiary amine is generally far slower than the direct nitrosation on secondary amines, with a direct nitrosation mechanism suspected only for structures featuring electron-rich (hetero)aromatic substituents. This allows for greater focus towards those structures that require further review, and we demonstrate that their number is not substantial. In addition, we reflect on the nitrosamine risk posed by secondary amine API impurities and demonstrate that based on the ICH Q3A/B identification threshold unknown impurities may exist that could be transformed to relevant amounts of NA. We also demonstrate that the analytical sensitivity required for the quantification of high potency nitrosamines can be problematic especially for high dose APIs. In summary, the regulatory framework rolled out with the latest Q&A document represents a substantial improvement compared with the previous situation, but further refinement through interaction between manufacturers, regulators, not-for-profit and academic institutions will be required to ensure patient access to vital medicines without compromising safety.

THU538 Use Of Multiple Functional And Structural Imaging Modalities Improves Detection Of Ectopic ACTH Tumors

Abstract Disclosure: H. Elenius: None. R. McGlotten: None. A.M. Gharib: None. L.K. Nieman: None. Introduction: In Ectopic ACTH Syndrome (EAS), Cushing's syndrome (CS) is caused by ACTH secretion from a non-pituitary tumor. Tumor resection reduces CS morbidity and mortality, but up to 38% of tumors remain occult despite repeated structural imaging. We prospectively studied whether functional PET imaging with somatostatin receptor ( 111In-pentetreotide Octreoscan [OCT], vs 68Ga DOTA0-Tyr3 octreotate DOTATATE [DOTA]) or amine precursor (18F-DOPA [F-D]) ligands would improve tumor detection. Methods: From 2014-2022, 22 EAS patients underwent imaging with F-D and DOTA PET/CT and/or MRI (1.5 and/or 3 Tesla, T) of chest/abdomen/pelvis (C/A/P), gated cardiac CT (GC-CT) and/or MRI (GC-MRI), and/or OCT before tumor resection. Pre-surgical imaging results were confirmed by pathology or biochemical cure. Results: Tumors included 16 pulmonary (pulm) neuroendocrine tumors (NET), one thymic NET, one appendiceal NET, one pheochromocytoma and one metastatic NET in mediastinal lymph nodes; two patients had tumorlets. Surgery was done if at least CT or MRI was positive; some lesions were seen only after concurrent PET scan review. Shown in decreasing order, the modalities performed as follows (number of patients = N): Sensitivity (S): CT C/A/P 100%, N 22 ; FDG-PET 100%, N 2 ; 3T MRI C/A/P 93%, N 14 ; F-D 91%, N 22 ; DOTA 86%, N 22 ; 1.5T MRI C/A/P 71%, N 21 ; GC-CT 67%, N 6 ; GC-MRI 50%, N 8 ; OCT 31%, N 13. 95% Confidence intervals (CI) overlapped for all except OCT. Positive predictive value (PPV): GC-MRI 100% ; 3T MRI C/A/P 88% ; 1.5T MRI C/A/P 84% ; DOTA 83% ; CT C/A/P 81% ; GC-CT 80% ; F-D 75% ; OCT 67% ; FDG-PET 67%. All CIs overlapped.1.5T MRI, F-D and DOTA missed a 12 mm pulm NET (false negative, FN) only seen on CT. 1.5T MRI missed three other pulm NET (6, 8 and 10 mm) seen on 3T MRI. 1.5T and 3T MRI missed a 13 mm pulm NET that abutted the heart and was seen on both gated studies - this was the only FN lesion in the 3T MRI cohort. F-D missed the 12 mm pulm NET seen on CT and the retrocardiac NET, which was DOTA +. DOTA missed three other pulm NET (6, 8 and 10 mm); all were positive on F-D. OCT detected 4/10 pulm NET, 6-25 mm, all positive on F-D and DOTA, and missed 9 tumors seen on F-D (N=8) or DOPA (N=8). F-D detected false positive (FP) lesions in seven patients while DOTA detected FP lesions in three, mostly infections or thyroid nodules. All but one patient were localized by DOTA (N=19) and/or F-D (N=20). Conclusions: As reported previously, most EAS tumors were intrathoracic. Among structural modalities, CT was the most sensitive (100%) while cardiac MRI and 3T MRI gave the highest PPV (100% and 88%). Dedicated cardiac imaging found pericardiac lesions missed on routine modalities due to motion artefacts. F-D and DOTA were significantly more sensitive (91% and 86%) than OCT (31%). DOTA detected fewer FP lesions, providing a higher PPV (83%) than F-D (75%), but with lower sensitivity. Use of multiple functional and structural scans improved tumor detection. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023