Precloacal Papillae Research Articles

A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the Marsupial frog Gastrotheca microdiscus (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) from Brazil.

Aplectana longa n. sp. (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Gastrotheca microdiscus (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the combination of a unique set of morphological characters: 1) Large body size in both sexes; 2) Lateral alae absent; 3) Gubernaculum present, small, thin, weakly sclerotized, pointed at the distal end and curved proximally at the end, with a small and punctiform papilla-like dilation, and 4) Caudal papillae arrangement (9+1:0:6). The distribution pattern of caudal papillae is similar only to Aplectana chamaeleonsis. Nevertheless, Aplectana longa n. sp. is easily differentiated from this species by the arrangement of precloacal papillae. This is the 57th species of the Aplectana and the 16th species reported from Brazil.

A new species of Aplectana Railliet Henry (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) br /in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

In the present study, we described and illustrated Aplectana minaensis n. sp. (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the intestinal caecum of Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Aplectana minaensis n. sp. is the 5th species described in Brazilian hosts and 58th species assigned to the genus. This species differs from its congeners by a set of unique characters in males: the presence of one unpaired precloacal papilla and gubernaculum, the papillae pattern (4+1:2:6) and total number (12+1), and the size of spicules (400-605 µm). Among the Aplectana species with an unpaired precloacal papilla and gubernaculum, only A. minaensis n. sp. and A. nebulosa Gomez, González Sanabria, has less than 20 pairs of caudal papillae. However, these species differ in the number of caudal papillae in males (12+1 vs. 13-14+1, respectively); the number and arrangement of post cloacal papillae (6 pairs: 1st to 4th pairs ventral, 5th pair laterodorsal, 6th pairventral vs. five pairs: 1st and 2nd ventral, 3rd lateral, 4th ventral, 5th lateral); and by the size of spicules (413-600 vs. 85-126 µm).

Two new species of Cosmocercidae (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) of Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Caatinga Biome, Brazil.

In the current study, two new species of Cosmocercidae nematodes parasitizing the anuran Leptodactylus macrosternum (Leptodactylidae) from two localities in the municipality of Petrolina, sub-middle São Francisco river, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were described. Oxysomatium petrolinensis n. sp. differs from all congeneric species for having the male caudal papillae distribution pattern unique in this genus, in which the last three pairs of pre-cloacal papillae are located lateroventrally on the anterior border of the cloacal aperture. Additionally, the new species has an unpaired medial precloacal papilla, seven pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a relatively unique spicule size. Oxyascaris caatingae n. sp. differs from all congeneric species mainly for having males with a medial unpaired precloacal papilla and a distribution pattern of caudal papillae unique to this species, being the only species of the genus with adcloacal papillae. The current study proposes the description of Oxysomatium petrolinensis n. sp., fourth species and the first report of this genus in hosts from the Neotropical region. In addition, it describes Oxyascaris caatingae n. sp., which is the fifth species of the genus.

New species of Thoonchus (Enoplida, Enchelidiidae) from the Yellow Sea and redescription of T. giganticus Belogurova et al., 1986.

The family Enchelidiidae is recovered as monophyletic and appears to be a more recently derived taxon within the superfamily Oncholaimoidea. It combines nematodes with buccal cavity with three unequal teeth, crenate pharynx, and absence of demanian system. Genus Thoonchus was erected for nematodes characterized by the large buccal cavity with heavily cuticularized walls and several rows of denticles, short and arcuate spicules and gubernaculums with expanded corpus. One new species is described here from the Sishili Bay, located in the northern Yellow Sea. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. is characterized by the body length 3195‒4339 µm, outer labial and cephalic setae in one circle, pocket shaped amphid above the buccal cavity base, secretory-excretory pore at the base of cephalic setae, arched spicules, gubernaculum with thin proximal extension parallel to spicules, preanal supplement absent, three pairs of preanal papillae. It differs from other congeners by the position of secretory-excretory pore, absence of supplementary organ in males and presence of three pairs of precloacal papillae. Redescription of T. giganticus is also provided. After critical evaluation of the genus we recognize 4 valid species and provide a taxonomic key to species.

Steinernema riojaense n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Spain

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riojaense n. sp., was isolated during a survey in La Rioja province of Spain. Morphological and morphometric traits place the new species in the glaseri-group, which is characterised by having the largest infective juvenile (IJ) with an average body length in excess of 1000 μm. The IJ of S. riojaense n. sp. possess a body length of 1043 (869-1172) μm, the lateral fields are formed by eight equally spaced and developed ridges (nine incisures) in the mid-body region, giving the formula 2, 6, 8, 4, the excretory pore is located posterior to the mid-pharynx region (D% = 58), and the hyaline region occupies ca half of the tail length. The male spicules are moderately curved with a sharp tip and are golden-brown in colour with the manubrium elongate and having a length to width ratio of 1.7:1. The first-generation male tail is non-mucronate, whereas a small papilla-like mucron is developed in the second generation. There are 11 pairs of genital papillae plus a single precloacal papilla. The first-generation female possesses a moderately protruding vulva and a slightly protruding postanal swelling. The second-generation female possesses a slightly protruding vulva and a postanal swelling. The new species is further characterised by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses confirm that S. riojaense n. sp. belongs to the glaseri-group and forms a monophyletic subclade with other European species.

Description of Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Ektaphelenchinae) from Pinus massoniana Lamb. in China

Summary Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp., from declining Pinus massoniana in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by the 233-308 μm long females with distinctly annulated cuticle, lateral fields with four lines, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, delicate stylet with small knobs, post-vulval uterine sac short and rectum and anus invisible. Males are 204-259 μm long, with spicules 8.5-12.0 μm long, condylus well developed and broad, caudal papillae arranged as a single (P1) and a pair of precloacal papillae (P2) plus two pairs of postcloacal papillae (P3 and P4). Based upon the general morphology of the female, the new species most closely resembles C. varicaudatus. The morphological differences with the aforementioned species and other species having similar morphology are discussed. The phylogenetic analyses based on small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segments of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of different individuals of the new species revealed that it fell into the clade of Cryptaphelenchus in both SSU and LSU trees. The monophyly of the genus was retained.

Description of Aphelenchoides hamospiculatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Aphelenchoididae) from Golestan province, north Iran

Summary Two populations of Aphelenchoides hamospiculatus n. sp. were recovered from natural forests in eastern regions of Golestan province, north Iran. Both populations were morphologically similar. The new species is described and illustrated herein. The females of the type population, recovered from soil, measured 467-550 μm long, and females of the second population, from bark, measured 545-666 μm long. It is mainly characterised by having five lines in the lateral fields, a subcylindrical tail and a single centrally located mucron at the female tail tip with fine nodules, giving it a warty appearance. It is further characterised by having a cephalic region separated from the rest of the body by a shallow constriction, stylet with small swellings at base, large median bulb with slightly post-centrally located, well sclerotised valvular plates and post-vulval uterine sac 56-63 μm long in the type population. The males have spicules with a remarkable narrowing at the distal two-thirds, well-developed condylus with rounded end, small rostrum slightly bent inwards and a hook-like tip of the dorsal limb; and three pairs of cloacal + caudal papillae (the single precloacal papilla, P1, is lacking). The new species was morphologically compared with three species of the genus having five lines in the lateral fields, similar species with no data on their lateral lines, and those with similar spicules and a female tail end bearing a warty mucron. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the new species using partial small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU and LSU rDNA) sequences are discussed.

Redescription of Tanqua tiara (von Linstow, 1879) Blanchard, 1904 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Birbhum district, West Bengal, India.

Tanqua tiara (von Linstow, 1879) Blanchard, 1904, recovered from the stomach of water monitor lizard, Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke and Gray, 1827), collected from the Dubrajpur town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India, is redescribed with light as well as scanning electron microscopy. This species is characterised by presence of two large lateral pseudolabia followed by massive cephalic bulb. The inner surface of each pseudolabium is folded into five rounded tooth-like formations which fit into corresponding folds on adjacent pseudolabium. Spicules are equal and similar. Gubernaculum is absent. Caudal papillae are sessile and five pairs in number. Present nematode differs from earlier descriptions of T. tiara in having five pairs of caudal papillae and an unpaired median precloacal papilla. Position of phasmids has also been reported in present study. Actual structure of cervical papillae and cuticular striations have been shown in present SEM studies which are also different from earlier descriptions. Dubrajpur is recorded as new geographical area for this parasite.

A new species of Cruzia (Ascaridida; Kathlanidae) parasitizing Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) from the Atlantic forest in Brazil.

Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. is described from Salvator merianae (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Squamata; Teiidae). The new species differs from all previously described species through several morphological characteristics: number of tooth like structures per row in the inner pharynx; and presence of unpaired papillae on the anterior border of the cloacal aperture. However, Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. is closest to C. tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819), through having similar distribution of male caudal papillae, unpaired pre-cloacal papillae and females with an pre-equatorial vulva. Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. differs from C. tentaculata regarding smaller total body length of individuals, higher number of tooth like structures per row in the pharynx, greater size of diverticulum, smaller size of spicules and a more anterior vulva than in C. tentaculata; and the males do not have caudal alae. Cruzia mazza, C. travassosia, C. mexicana and C. testudines were considered to be species inquirendae, because their descriptions need more detailed taxonomic studies.

Ecology and trophic role of Oncholaimus dyvae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Oncholaimidae) from the lucky strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

BackgroundNematodes are an important component of deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, but only few nematode species are able to cope to the harsh conditions of the most active vent sites. The genus Oncholaimus is known to tolerate extreme geothermal conditions and high sulphide concentrations in shallow water hydrothermal vents, but it was only occasionally reported in deep-sea vents. In this study, we performed morphological, genetic and ecological investigations (including feeding strategies) on an abundant species of Oncholaimus recently discovered at Lucky strike vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 1700 m water depth.ResultsWe described this species as Oncholaimus dyvae sp. nov.. This new species differs from all other members of the genus by the combination of the following characters: body length (up to 9 mm), the presence of a long spicule (79 μm) with a distally pointed end, a complex pericloacal setal ornamentation with one precloacal papilla surrounded by short spines, and a body cuticule with very fine striation shortly posterior to the amphid opening. Overall, O. dyvae sp. nov. abundance increased with increasing temperature and vent emissions. Carbon isotopic ratios suggest that this species could consume both thiotroph and methanotrophic producers. Furthermore sulfur-oxidizing bacteria related to Epsilonproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the cuticle, in the digestive cavity and in the intestine of O. dyvae sp. nov. suggesting a potential symbiotic association.ConclusionsThis study improves our understanding of vent biology and ecology, revealing a new nematode species able to adapt and be very abundant in active vent areas due to their association with chemosynthetic micro-organisms. Faced by the rapid increase of anthropogenic pressure to access mineral resources in the deep sea, hydrothermal vents are particularly susceptible to be impacted by exploitation of seafloor massive sulfide deposits. It is necessary to document and understand vent species able to flourish in these peculiar ecosystems.

Two Ektaphelenchinae Paramonov, 1964 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Iran have tripartite stylet, with similar observations in other species.

Two ektaphelenchid nematodes representing one new and one known species are illustrated and characterized using morphological and molecular data. Ektaphelenchus kanzakii n. sp. is mainly characterized by its tripartite stylet having a well visible wide lumen, encompassing a sclerotized and acute anterior part (the conus), a short and slightly tapering middle part (the conophore) that is equally sclerotized but clearly separate from the conus, and a long posterior part that is cylindrical and only weakly sclerotized (the shaft) without basal knobs or swellings. It is further characterized by 863.5 (772–926) μm long females having 23.8 (21.2–27.0) μm long total stylet, distinctly annulated cuticle, three lines in lateral field, vulva at 76.6 (75.3–80.0)%, no rectum, vestigial anus in some individuals, conical posterior body end (tail) with narrow ventrally bent tip, common males in population with two pairs of caudal papillae (the single precloacal papilla and the third caudal pair lacking), spicules with dorsally bent tip and conical tail with sharp or blunt tip. The new species is morphologically compared with close species having conical posterior body end and stylet lacking basal knobs or swellings. Iranian population of Devibursaphelenchus teratospicularis, the second studied species, is characterized by 679.5 (620–709) μm long females having 18.6 (17.5–20.0) μm long total stylet with similar structure to the previous species, subcylindrical body end with widely rounded tip, and rare males with typical spicules of this species and a pair of precloacal and a pair of caudal papillae. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the two recovered species using small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) partial sequences revealed they have close phylogenetic affinities with Ektaphelenchus obtusus in both reconstructed trees. However, species of both genera Ektaphelenchus and Devibursaphelenchus don’t form monophyletic groups in SSU and LSU trees. New observations on stylet structure of the two presently studied and some other ektaphelenchid species having available light microphotographs (LM) yielded on definition of a new term “conophore” for the middle part of the ektaphelenchid-type tripartite stylet.

Morphological and Genetic Characterization of the Poorly Known Species Subulura chinensis Schwartz, 1926 (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from Athene noctua (Scopoli) (Strigiformes: Strigidae)

Subulura chinensis Schwartz, 1926 is a hitherto poorly known nematode species. The morphology of S. chinensis has not been sufficiently well described. In addition, the molecular data from species of the Subuluroidea are extremely limited. The detailed morphology of S. chinensis was studied using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy, based on newly collected specimens from the little owl Athene noctua (Scopoli) (Strigiformes: Strigidae) in China. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) target regions of S. chinensis were first amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced and analysed for the molecular identification of this species. Our SEM observations showed for the fist time the detailed morphology of the cephalic extremity, precloacal pseudo-sucker, caudal papillae, gubernaculum, phasmids and vulva of S. chinensis, and also determined the presence of a small, single medio-ventral precloacal papilla in the male. Moreover, we detected the presence of 0.08-0.40% and 0-1.30% nucleotide divergence among different individuals of S. chinensis in the ITS and cox1 regions, respectively. The supplementary morphological characters and genetic data will be very useful for the diagnosis of this poorly known species.

Redescription of Porrocaecum semiteres (Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos (Passeriformes: Turdidae).

Porrocaecum semiteres (Zeder, 1800) (Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) occurs frequently in various birds in Europe. However, the knowledge of the morphology of this species remains insufficient. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the detailed morphology of adults of P. semiteres based on newly collected specimens from Turdus philomelos in the Czech Republic. Some previously unreported morphological features were revealed, including the presence of a medio-apical notch, 70-80 small conical denticles and one pair of submedial pores on each lip, the absence of caudal alae, the presence of four pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a single, medio-ventral precloacal papilla.

Cucullanus marajoara n. sp. (Nematoda: Cucullanidae), a parasite of Colomesus psittacus (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontiformes) in the Marajó, Brazil.

Cucullanus marajoara n. sp. (Cucullanidae) is reported to parasitize Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontiformes), which is a fish species from the Marajó Archipelago, state of Pará, estuarine region of the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from similar species by the presence of a protruding upper lip on the cloacal opening, the distribution of the cloacal papillae: five pre-cloacal papillae pairs and 5 are ventral and located posteriorly to the pre-cloacal sucker and an unpaired papilla is located on the upper cloacal lip and five post-cloacal pairs, and a pair of lateral phasmids located between papillae pairs. Additionally, Cucullanus marajoara n. sp. is compared to other species of this genus described in Brazil, particularly Cucullanus ageneiosus and Cucullanus oswaldocruzi, which both occur in the same zoogeographic region of this study but parasitize fish of a different order (Siluriformes). Cucullanus dodsworthi and Cucullanus brevicaudatus are the only described species parasitizing fish of the order Tetradontiformes in Brazil, and the new species differs from these species by the distribution of the cloacal papillae and the host habitat. The description of Cucullanus marajoara n. sp. adds data to the biodiversity of described parasites that parasitize Tetradontiformes of the estuarine ichthyofauna in the Brazilian Amazon.

Endoparasites in Limnonectes magnus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Samar Island, Philippines with description of a new species of Aplectana (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae).

Aplectana samarensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the intestines of Limnonectes magnus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) is described and illustrated. Aplectana samarensis sp. nov. represents the 53rd species assigned to the genus and the 6th species reported from the Oriental region. It is easily separated from the 5 species previously reported from the region by the presence of a gubernaculum and the distribution pattern of male caudal papillae: A. macintoshii has an irregular pattern, no precloacal papillae in rows; both A. akhrami and A. dubrajpuri lack a gubernaculum; A. duttaphryni has 3 pairs of precloacal papillae forming 2 rows; A. ranae has 7 pairs of precloacal papillae forming 2 rows; A. samarensis sp. nov. has 4 pairs of precloacal papillae in 2 rows. In addition to the new species, individuals of Falcaustra dubia and Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis as well as cestode plerocercoids were also found.

The genus Bolbonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): emended diagnosis, key to males, and description of three new species from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil.

The marine nematode genus Bolbonema has three valid species, the most recent one described eight years ago. Characteristics of the genus include the well-defined globular cephalic capsule and the long and short somatic setae along the body. Three previously undescribed species of this genus were collected on the continental shelf of the Potiguar Basin in northeastern Brazil. Bolbonema braziliensis sp. n. has a relatively large cryptospiral fovea amphidialis, gubernaculum a bent rod dorsally oriented and two subventral precloacal setae inserted on two small papillae above the cloaca. Bolbonema papillae sp. n. has a large multispiral fovea amphidialis with three turns, arched spicules with the proximal region rounded, a laminar and well-developed gubernaculum enfolding the distal portion of the spicules, and two subventral precloacal papillae just above the cloaca. Bolbonema zildae sp. n. has a spiral fovea amphidialis, no supplements, arched spicules with a velum, and the gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis. These three new species increase to six the number of taxa known in the genus. A dichotomous key based on males, an emended diagnosis of the genus, and the first record of Bolbonema brevicolle Cobb, 1920 from Brazil are provided.

Antechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae), a new intestinal nematode parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas) (Rodentia: Muridae) in the north-east of Russia.

Antechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) is described from the duodenum of a tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas), collected in the Magadan region in the north-east part of Russia. It differs from A. suffodiax (Beveridge & Barker, 1975) and A. sertatum Smales, 1991 mainly in having a larger number of postcloacal papillae (5-6 pairs vs 4 pairs), a differently shaped left spicule, the disposition of precloacal papillae in two rows vs one, and oblong vs oval eggs. Other differences include the different disposition of ovaries in A. septentrionalis n. sp and A. suffodiax and the different structure of deirids in A. septentrionalis n. sp. and A. sertatum. The new species was characterized molecularly (partial sequences for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA). The phylogenetic analyses performed showed the affinity of the new species to the members of the Acuariidae and other spirurid nematodes.

Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans Cantor (Amphibia: Anura).

A new cosmocercid species, Cosmocercoides qingtianensis sp. n., collected from the intestine of the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans Cantor (Amphibia: Anura) is described using integrated approaches, including light and scanning electron microscopy, and sequencing and analyzing the ribosomal [small ribosomal DNA (18S) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] and mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)] target regions, respectively. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following morphological characters, including the large body size, the presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae in both sexes, the length of spicules, the particular morphology and length of gubernaculum, the number, arrangement and morphology of caudal rosettes, the presence of large medioventral precloacal papilla and the long tail. Our molecular analysis revealed the level of intraspecific genetic variation of C. qingtianensis sp. n. distinctly lower than that of the interspecific genetic variation in the ITS and cox1 regions. However, there are some overlaps in the range of intra- and interspecific 18S sequence divergence between the new species and some closely related species. The results of molecular analysis supported the validity of the new species based on the morphological observations. The 18S, ITS, and cox1 regions of C. pulcher collected from Bufo japonicus formosus in Japan were also sequenced and analyzed. The results showed a low level of intraspecific genetic variation in 18S and ITS regions (0-0.12% and 0-0.23% nucleotide differences, respectively), but a relatively high level of intraspecific genetic variation in cox1 region (0.78-4.69% nucleotide differences). In addition, it seems more powerful and practical to use the cox1 region as a genetic marker for the accurate identification and differentiation of species of Cosmocercoides than the 18S and ITS regions, especially for the closely related species.

A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Goniurosaurus bawanglingensis (Squamata, Eublepharidae), from Hainan Province, China.

Aplectana hainanensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the intestines of Goniurosaurus bawanglingensis (Squamata, Eublepharidae) is described and illustrated. Aplectana hainanensis sp. nov. represents the 52nd species assigned to the genus and the 5th species reported from the Sino-Japanese region. It is easily separated from the 4 species previously reported from the region by the distribution pattern of male caudal papillae: A. macintoshii has an irregular pattern; A. hylae has no precloacal papillae; A. fujianae has 1 pair of precloacal papillae; A paucipapillosa has 3 pairs of precloacal papillae; Aplectana hainanensis sp. nov. has 7 pairs of precloacal papillae.

Bursaphelenchus decraemerae n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in packaging wood from the USA

Bursaphelenchus decraemeraen. sp., isolated in Ningbo, China, from packaging wood made ofPinussp. imported from the USA, is described. It is characterised by the lateral field with three lines, a stylet 10-12 μm long with small basal swellings, excretory pore located 4-12 μm posterior to median bulb, spicule small, ventrally arcuate with lamina gradually tapering to distal tip, rostrum triangular pointed to conical, condylus elongated with bluntly rounded tip, and cucullus minute, barely visible. There are seven caudal papillae arranged as a single ventral precloacal papilla, one adcloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs. The bursal flap is narrow and oval. A small vulval flap is present in lateral view of the female and the tail is conical, strongly ventrally curved with the terminus finely pointed and sometimes appearing like a mucron. The new species is characterised by morphological and molecular analysis and is close toB. gerberaeandB. sakishimanus.