Precise Quality Control Research Articles

Characteristic chemical profile of Juhe Fang extract with lipid-lowering properties

The objective of this study was to verify the lipid-lowering effect of Juhe Fang extract (JHFE) and to determine its characteristic chemical profile in vitro and in vivo . A hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD). After treatment for 30 days, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The components from JHFE obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were investigated using an UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS. The TC, TG, and LDL-C in the serum significantly decreased and the HDL-C significantly increased after JHFE treatment. A total of 95 compounds from JHEF including 15 phenolic acids (PA), 4 phenylethanoid glycosides (PG), 24 flavonoids (F), 14 triterpenoids (T), 10 diterpenoid glycosides (D), 18 alkaloids (A) and 10 others (O) were identified. Trigonelline was discovered for the first time in a herbal medicine of Juhe Fang. Furthermore, 68 compounds were identified in vivo including 28 prototype compounds and 40 metabolites. The metabolic characteristics of these components were revealed including identification of new metabolites of 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl-8-O-[α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (PEG) and lirinidine. A total of 43 components from JHFE were absorbed and/or metabolized. The contribution rate of each type of chemical component from JHFE to its lipid-lowering effect from high to low were A, F, PG, PA, D and T. The results of this study showed that JHFE demonstrated a significant lipid-lowering effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Specific types of PA, PG, F, D, T and A formed the pharmaceutical architecture of the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE. This study should prove useful for clarifying the components responsible for the lipid-lowering effect of JHFE and provide a basis for precision quality control research.

Enabling high areal capacity for Co-free high voltage spinel materials in next-generation Li-ion batteries

The rapidly growing technological demand for lithium-ion batteries has prompted the development of novel cathode materials with high energy density, low cost, and improved safety. High voltage spinel, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), is one of the most promising candidates yet to be commercialized. The two primary obstacles for this material are the inferior electronic conductivity and fast capacity degradation in full cells due to the high operating voltage. By systematically addressing these limitations, we successfully develop a thick LNMO electrode with areal capacity loadings up to 3 mAh·cm−2. The optimized thick electrode is paired with a commercial graphite anode at both the coin cell and pouch cell level, achieving a full cell capacity retention as high as 72% and 78%, respectively, after 300 cycles. We attribute this superior cycling stability to careful optimizations of cell components and testing conditions, with a specific focus improving electronic conductivity and high voltage compatibility. These results suggest precise control of materials quality, electrode architecture and electrolyte optimization can soon support the development of a cobalt-free battery system based on a thick LNMO cathode (>4 mAh·cm2), which will eventually meet the needs of next-generation Li-ion batteries with reduced cost, improved safety, and assured sustainability.

Continuous real time 3D motion reproduction using dynamic MRI and precomputed 4DCT deformation fields.

Radiotherapy of mobile tumors requires specific imaging tools and models to reduce the impact of motion on the treatment. Online continuous nonionizing imaging has become possible with the recent development of magnetic resonance imaging devices combined with linear accelerators. This opens the way to new guided treatment methods based on the real‐time tracking of anatomical motion. In such devices, 2D fast MR‐images are well‐suited to capture and predict the real‐time motion of the tumor. To be used effectively in an adaptive radiotherapy, these MR images have to be combined with X‐ray images such as CT, which are necessary to compute the irradiation dose deposition. We therefore developed a method combining both image modalities to track the motion on MR images and reproduce the tracked motion on a sequence of 3DCT images in real‐time. It uses manually placed navigators to track organ interfaces in the image, making it possible to select anatomical object borders that are visible on both MRI and CT modalities and giving the operator precise control of the motion tracking quality. Precomputed deformation fields extracted from the 4DCT acquired in the planning phase are then used to deform existing 3DCT images to match the tracked object position, creating a new set of 3DCT images encompassing irregularities in the breathing pattern for the complete duration of the MRI acquisition. The final continuous reconstructed 4DCT image sequence reproduces the motion captured by the MRI sequence with high precision (difference below 2 mm).

A Metabolomics Coupled With Chemometrics Strategy to Filter Combinatorial Discriminatory Quality Markers of Crude and Salt-Fired Eucommiae Cortex

Eucommiae Cortex is commonly used for treating various diseases in a form of the crude and salt-fired products. Generally, it is empirical to distinguish the difference between two types of Eucommiae Cortex. The metabolomics coupled with chemometrics strategy was proposed to filter the combinatorial discriminatory quality markers for precise distinction and further quality control of the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. The metabolomics data of multiple batches of Eucommiae Cortex samples was obtained by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was utilized to filter candidate markers for characterizing the obvious difference of the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. The accuracy of combinatorial markers was validated by random forest and partial least squares regression. Finally, eleven combinatorial discriminatory quality markers from 67 identified compounds were rapidly screened, identified, and determined for distinguishing the difference between crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex. It was demonstrated that UHPLC-MS based metabolomics with chemometrics was a powerful strategy to screen the combinatorial discriminatory quality markers for distinguishing the crude and salt-fired Eucommiae Cortex and to provide the reference for precise quality control of Eucommiae Cortex.

Screening of key flavonoids and monoterpenoids for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity-oriented quality control of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Boju’ based on spectrum-effect relationship coupled with UPLC-TOF-MS and HS-SPME-GC/MS

This study aimed at obtaining precise quality control standards to efficiently screen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Boju’ with strong xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity for developing C. morifolium ‘Boju’ extract based-hypouricemic functional food. The results indicated significant differences in volatile and phenolic profiles and XO inhibitory (XOI) activities of 31 batches of C. morifolium ‘Boju’ collected in herb/tea market. The minority of C. morifolium ‘Boju’ having abundant characteristic monoterpenoids and flavonoid aglycones showed strong XOI activities, while the majority of C. morifolium ‘Boju’ possessing few corresponding monoterpenoids and flavonoid aglycones exhibited moderate XOI activities. Seven XOI activity-directly related phenolics and ten XOI activity-indirectly related volatiles were identified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS-based and HS-SPME-GC/MS-based spectrum-effect relationships, respectively. Three flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin and acacetin) identified as key XO inhibitors and four monoterpenoids (filifolone, α-terpineol, thymol and piperitenone) closely related to key XO inhibitors were screened for XOI activity-oriented quality control of C. morifolium ‘Boju’.

An automated and continuous method for the optical measurement of wood pellet size distribution and the gravimetric determination of fines

This paper presents an automated, continuous method to determine wood pellet size distributions of larger and, hence, representative samples based on 2D-digital image analysis. The analysis routine developed combines several image processing steps to detect and separate the respective particles. The test unit designed allows length determination of up to 140 kg of pellets with a rate of 10.2 kg/h without any manual intervention. Pellets with a diameter up to 10 mm and a maximum length of about 50 mm can be analysed. In addition, the amount of fines is determined gravimetrically. Verification tests confirm an average standard deviation of 0.42% for the effective pellet length. First measurements of various pellet types show significant differences in their initial size distributions. The method developed provides a tool, which allows a more precise quality control of wood pellet size distribution.

Quality control in ultrasound: an experiment to assess the obsolescence of ultrasound probes with an agar gel phantom

The ultrasound scanner is the most installed equipment in the operating realities but it is not part of precise quality control programs like all other radiological equipment. Considering how many examinations are carried out, itseemed essential to set up intuitive and repeatable QCs, using instruments with low economic impact. The objectiveswere to test low-cost handmade phantoms to assess the uniformity and sensitivity of the ultrasound probes and theglobal status of the ultrasound scanners, confirm the goodness of the phantom in terms of use, functionality and storage, then compare the data collected between QC and the global status of the equipment looking for obsolescencecauses. 25 linear geometry probes and 19 ultrasound scanners in 10 operating realities undergo quality control. Todo this, a phantom in 5% agar-agar and a set of specially designed modules are created. The probes studied showeddrops in uniformity and sensitivity already after 3 years with an average of 30 examinations and about 10h of poweron per day. In terms of uniformity, 65% of the probes did not reach acceptability. A condition of poor hygiene wasdetected in 74% of the ultrasound scanners. The phantom used was homogeneous and isoecogenic in almost all applications according to the professionals.

Quality control in ultrasound: an experiment to assess the obsolescence of ultrasound probes with an agar gel phantom

The ultrasound scanner is the most installed equipment in the operating realities but it is not part of precise quality control programs like all other radiological equipment. Considering how many examinations are carried out, it seemed essential to set up intuitive and repeatable QCs, using instruments with low economic impact. The objectives were to test low-cost handmade phantoms to assess the uniformity and sensitivity of the ultrasound probes and the global status of the ultrasound scanners, confirm the goodness of the phantom in terms of use, functionality and storage, then compare the data collected between QC and the global status of the equipment looking for obsolescence causes. 25 linear geometry probes and 19 ultrasound scanners in 10 operating realities undergo quality control. To do this, a phantom in 5% agar-agar and a set of specially designed modules are created. The probes studied showed drops in uniformity and sensitivity already after 3 years with an average of 30 examinations and about 10h of power-on per day. In terms of uniformity, 65% of the probes did not reach acceptability. A condition of poor hygiene was detected in 74% of the ultrasound scanners. The phantom used was homogeneous and isoecogenic in almost all applications according to the professionals.

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSIS WATER AND DIALYSATE AT MUKALLA ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY CENTER IN MUKALLA CITY - HADHRAMAUT - YEMEN: RATE OF CONTAMINATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TO ANTIBIOTICS

Water treatment systems are a vital factor in dialysis therapy and precise control of hemodialysis water bacteriological quality is predominantly important in order to assurance a better quality of life of the hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to detect the level of contamination in hemodialysis water and dialysate by bacteria in Mukalla Artificial Kidney Center and investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated bacteria. Forty eight samples of water and dialysate were assembled weekly over a period of 3 months from 4 points. Bacteriological analysis of samples was carried out then antimicrobial susceptibilities patterns of isolated bacteria were concluded by disk diffusion method. The mean of total count of bacteria for dialysis water and dialysate were higher than the recommended values (100 CFU/ ml). The isolated bacteria which colonized the hemodialysis systems were mostly Gram-negative bacilli as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobater sp. In general, most of the isolated bacteria were poorly responsive to antibiotics. In conclusion: Dialysis water and dialysate not passed to meet the bacteriological provisions for hemodialysis. To reduce the hazard of contaminants for hemodialysis patients, a sufficient system for water treatment, disinfection of hemodialysis system, and bacteriological contamination monitoring of the water and dialysate are necessary.
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 Name: Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar
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Practice and thinking on precise quality control management of radiotherapy of cancer hospital based on patient safety

Patient safety is the foundation of the hospital management. In recent years, Department of Radiation Oncology of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital has attached great importance to patient safety by introducing the precise concept to the quality control and management of radiotherapy, which includes pursuing standardized construction of quality control, accurately identifying the patients, combination of process reengineering and informatization, departmental learning and multi-disciplinary integration and paying attention to performance assessment. All these measures significantly elevate the medical quality and patient safety. Key words: Patient safety; Radiotherapy; Precise quality control; Practice and thinking

Highly Specific Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Determination of Chloramphenicol in Cosmetics.

A direct and highly specific chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) method for monitoring chloramphenicol (CAP) in cosmetics has been developed. The anti-chloramphenicol antibody (mAb) adopted in this work for direct immunoassay could bind to CAP specifically, with negligible cross-reactivity (CR) (less than 0.01%) with most CAP analogues, including structurally related thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF). The limit of detection (LOD), measured by IC10, was 0.0021 ng mL−1. The detection range (IC20-IC80) was ranged from 0.00979 to 0.12026 ng mL−1. In spiked cosmetics samples, mean recoveries ranged from 82.7% to 99.6%, with intraday and interday variation less than 9.8 and 8.2%, respectively. Moreover, with the help of HRP-labeled anti-CAP mAb, the method could be processed in fast direct immunoreaction mode. This CL-ELISA method could be applied for specific, rapid, semiquantitative, and quantitative detection of CAP in cosmetics, facilitating the precise quality control of CAP contamination.

X-ray mirror surface figure correction with nanometre precision controlled by layer stresses simulated by FEA.

Hard X-rays with energies higher than several kiloelectronvolts can be focused to spot sizes below 10 nm with the present synchrotron beamlines, offering unique advantages for the chemical, elemental and structure analysis of matter. Nevertheless, a surface precision on the nanometre scale for the focusing optics is required and remains the main hurdle limiting X-ray analytical techniques with single-nanometre spatial resolution. On the other hand, to preserve the wavefront properties of coherent X-ray beams, precise control of the reflective mirror surface quality at the nanometre scale is demanded for X-ray free-electron laser applications. In this work, the surface shape of a multilayer-coated X-ray mirror is controlled by layer stresses. The desired surface profile of the mirror is differentiated to its second order to obtain its corresponding curvature profile. With a step size of 1 mm along the mirror length, different coating thicknesses are applied to create different layer thermal stresses from uniform temperature change. The mirror surface profile can be obtained by integrating the curvature profile to its second order and further corrected by moving constant values for the slope and height. The technical process is simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). A case study showed that the residual slope error and the residual height error between the desired shape and the FEA result are 0.22 µrad (r.m.s.) and 1.42 nm (r.m.s.), respectively.

Restoring mitochondrial biogenesis with metformin attenuates β-GP-induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into an osteogenic phenotype via inhibition of PDK4/oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis.

Mitochondrial abnormalities have long been observed in the development of vascular calcification. Metformin, a member of the biguanide class of antidiabetic drugs, has recently received attention owing to new findings regarding its protective role in cardiovascular disease. Since the precise control of mitochondrial quantity and quality is critical for the survival and function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be a potential protective factor for VSMCs against osteoblast-like phenotypic transition. However, limited studies have been reported in this area. Here, we investigated the role of metformin in the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, as well as its intracellular signal transduction pathways. We demonstrated that supplementation with metformin restored the β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-mediated impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in VSMCs, as evidenced by an increased mitochondrial DNA copy number, a restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression, whereas the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C suppressed these effects. We also observed that overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular energy metabolism, exacerbated β-GP-induced oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis in VSMCs but that these effects were suppressed by dichloroacetate, a widely reported PDK4 inhibitor. More importantly, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis attenuated the β-GP-induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into an osteogenic phenotype through inhibition of the PDK4/oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis pathway, whereas disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis by zidovudine aggravated β-GP-induced apoptosis in VSMCs. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by small interfering RNA targeting Atg5 reduced mitochondrial biogenesis in VSMCs. In summary, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which metformin attenuates the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into an osteogenic phenotype via inhibition of the PDK4/oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis pathway, and mitochondrial homeostasis is involved in this process.

Preparation of freeze - drying control materials of IgG antibody against Schistosoma japonicum for immunodetection kits

To prepare freeze-drying control materials of IgG antibody against Schistosoma japonicum for detection kits. The serum samples of schistosomiasis patients from endemic areas and normal people without history of schistosome infection or contact with infested water in Hubei Province were collected. All the sera were detected by the method approved by China Food and Drug Administration and selected for preparation of quality control samples. Totally twelve positive quality control materials, ten negative quality control materials, and one sensitive and one precision quality control materials were screened. According to the positive serum level, the positive degrees of quality control materials were divided into strong, medium and weak levels. The stability could be valid for one year. The freeze-drying quality control materials of IgG antibody against S. japonicum for detection kits are prepared. They are easy to use and have good stability, and therefore, they may meet the requirement of quality control for the detection of schistosomiasis diagnostics kits.

Kinetic Data for Texture Changes of Foods During Thermal Processing

To automate cooking processes, quantitative descriptions are needed on how quality parameters, such as texture change during heating. Understanding mechanical property changes in foods during thermal treatment due to changes in chemical composition or physical structure is important in the context of engineering models and in precise control of quality in general. Texture degradation of food materials has been studied widely and softening kinetic parameters have been reported in many studies. For a better understanding of kinetic parameters, applied kinetic models were investigated, then rate constants at 100°C and activation energy from previous kinetic studies were compared. The food materials are hardly classified into similar softening kinetics. The range of parameters is wide regardless of food types due to the complexity of food material, different testing methods, sample size, and geometry. Kinetic parameters are essential for optimal process design. For broad and reliable applications, kinetic parameters should be generated by a more consistent manner so that those of foods could be compared or grouped.

A Method to Evaluate the Quality of Clinical Gene-Panel Sequencing Data for Single-Nucleotide Variant Detection

Customized gene-panel tests, based on next-generation sequencing, have demonstrated their usefulness in a plethora of clinical settings. As with other clinical diagnostic techniques, gene-panel sequencing for clinical purposes requires precise quality control (QC) measures to ensure its reliability. Only detected variants are currently recorded in clinical reports; however, identifying whether a nondetected variant is a true or false negative is regarded essential in a clinical setting and, thus, a comprehensive QC measure is in demand. Conventional QC metrics, such as mean coverage and uniformity, are considered inadequate for such an evaluation. As such, a more specific measure focused on clinically important variants is herein proposed. In this study, we suggest a new scoring method for assessing the quality of clinical gene-panel sequencing data, specifically for the detection of a set of single-nucleotide variants. The performance of the method was analyzed using 2295 clinical samples (1012 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and 1283 fresh-frozen tissues), and was shown to provide additional information that conventional methods do not show, such as mean depth and uniformity. Customized sequencing protocols, which include QC criteria, have been optimized by each genomic laboratory. The pass rate scoring method proposed in this study provides an appropriate QC response variable for the customized panel, which strengthens the reliability of calls on clinically relevant variants implicated in clinical reports.

Implementation and effects assessment of precise quality control model mediated by nursing quality indexes in nursing quality management

Objective To explore the implementation methods and effects of precise quality control model mediated by nursing quality indexes in quality management. Methods Fifty-seven care units with complete quality control data were collected. From January to December 2015, the 57 using the traditional quality control mode were selected as control group, whilst from January to December 2016 57 units were chosen for the intervention group using precision quality control mode, that was, to select the number of indicators and target values, screening quality control points, unified the acquisition path of indicators, lock the key departments and monitoring points affecting the quality to carry out quality management performance. We observed the changes of the two groups of quality indicators. Results The nine process quality indicators including wards 6S management, first aid techniques, health education, primary care, first class and critical care nursing, safe treatment, operating nursing documents, drug and sterile product quality and pass rate of identity verification were significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) . The five outcome quality indicators including hospitalized patients fall, dosing defects, hospital pressure sores, burns and urinary uncontrolled extubation rates were significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) as well. Conclusions The quality control model, which is mediated by the nursing quality index, is helpful to improve the nursing quality. It is an effective quality control mode to achieve continuous improvement of nursing quality. Key words: Nursing quality; Target management; Quality index; Quality control point; Concise quality control

Genome-wide assessment of differential translations with ribosome profiling data.

The closely regulated process of mRNA translation is crucial for precise control of protein abundance and quality. Ribosome profiling, a combination of ribosome foot-printing and RNA deep sequencing, has been used in a large variety of studies to quantify genome-wide mRNA translation. Here, we developed Xtail, an analysis pipeline tailored for ribosome profiling data that comprehensively and accurately identifies differentially translated genes in pairwise comparisons. Applied on simulated and real datasets, Xtail exhibits high sensitivity with minimal false-positive rates, outperforming existing methods in the accuracy of quantifying differential translations. With published ribosome profiling datasets, Xtail does not only reveal differentially translated genes that make biological sense, but also uncovers new events of differential translation in human cancer cells on mTOR signalling perturbation and in human primary macrophages on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) treatment. This demonstrates the value of Xtail in providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that involve translational dysregulations.

Distributed Wireless Monitoring System for Ullage and Temperature in Wine Barrels.

This paper presents a multipurpose and low cost sensor for the simultaneous monitoring of temperature and ullage of wine in barrels in two of the most important stages of winemaking, that being fermentation and maturation. The distributed sensor subsystem is imbedded within the bung of the barrel and runs on battery for a period of at least 12 months and costs around $27 AUD for all parts. In addition, software was designed which allows for the remote transmission and easy visual interpretation of the data for the winemaker. Early warning signals can be sent when the temperature or ullage deviates from a winemakers expectations so remedial action can be taken, such as when topping is required or the movement of the barrels to a cooler cellar location. Such knowledge of a wine’s properties or storage conditions allows for a more precise control of the final wine quality.

Roll Deformation Model of Four High Hot Rolling Mills Based on Improved Influence Function Method

Roll deformation is an important part of profile and flatness control system. Computation speed and accuracy of roll deformation model is a research hotspot, which provides a precondition for online application. This paper puts for- ward a new roll deformation model of four high hot rolling mills based on improved influence function method. In the new model, the roll bending calculation uses elastic beam method based on the mechanics of materials theory, which avoids complex algorithms for solving influence coefficient matrix. The relationship between roll flattening and rolling force is fitted by quartic polynomial, which avoids complex iteration algorithm because of their nonlinear relationship. In iteration process of deformation coordination equation, element flattening difference and center flattening correction mod- el are developed, which avoids calculation efficiency problem due to double iterative in the influence function method. By comparison with the finite element method and influence function method, the new model has faster calculation speed and higher precision, which satisfies the online application requirement, and provides the guarantee for high precision quality control.