Precise Wording Research Articles

Embodied relational research: How can researchers' competences in exploring existential aspects be enhanced?

This methodological essay discusses the following question: How can researchers' competences in exploring existential aspects related to healthcare be enhanced? Exploring this novel perspective on caring practice may help us better understand and communicate about experiences and issues that matter to others (e.g. patients/users). Two things are needed: firstly, a vocabulary mirroring an "aesthetic-holistic" research approach allowing us to capture the essence of "what it is like" and secondly, the development of skills and competences allowing us to understand complex aspects of caring that are embodied, ethically sensitive and sustainable. To identify personal competences and approaches underpinning research exploring "what it is like"-understanding human existence. The discussion addresses three questions: (A) What does human science exploring human existence search for? (B) Which researcher competences are required? (C) Which theoretical and practical approaches and dimensions may enhance the researchers' competences? We argue that we should find "ourselves" not only grasped through language and a qualitative research-methodological approach but also in what is reflected in the relation between self, language (dialogue) and the other. It is crucial to listen to the world in an ontological way. Emotions, feelings and bodily sensed understandings can, in some situations, bar us from stepping further into meta-physical listening and from adopting a being-in-the-world stance. In this relational perspective, the researcher may adopt an attentive pace and aesthetical attunement that transcend what cannot be reached through the language of logical, rigorous, precise and rational words, tuning into the ontological mood that exists as the tacit backdrop of our existence. This approach we dub "Embodied Relational Research." Researchers who explore humanity may benefit from cultivating awareness, sensitivity and understanding while displaying openness towards the other (the patients' or users' experiences). In this context, contemplative and creative dimensions are important to apply.

Top-down and bottom-up sources of eye-movement guidance during realistic scene search in Alzheimer's disease.

Visual search is a crucial task in daily life, but in Alzheimer's disease (AD) it has usually been investigated using simple arrays. Here, we used scenes depicting real environments and studied the time course of attentional guidance. We analyzed eye-movement differences between mild AD patients and age-matched healthy controls during search. We examined top-down guidance, manipulating the target template (precise picture vs. word cue) and the target-scene semantic consistency (consistent vs. inconsistent), and bottom-up guidance, manipulating the perceptual salience (high vs. low) of targets and distractors. During scene scanning, AD patients had longer search times, made more fixations before the first target fixation, and showed a greater probability of distractor selection, with longer distractor fixation. AD also led to longer target fixation. In patients and controls, picture cues and highly salient targets improved all search phases, whereas consistent targets only improved search initiation (first saccade). Moreover, top-down and bottom-up guidance interacted in initiation and scanning, and this did not differ between the two groups of participants. However, AD led to a smaller picture cue benefit in shortening distractor fixation and greater bottom-up search facilitation during scanning, where a high-salience target reduced the performance gap between patients and controls. Our study shows the importance of top-down and bottom-up guidance, and their integration, in improving search in AD patients. It suggests that precise target cues and, even more, highly salient targets may act as environmental supports that enhance attentional processing and search performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Socrates and the Voice that Says No: Listening to Plato's Apology

Socrates and the Voice that Says No:Listening to Plato's Apology Sarah Nooter (bio) In Plato's Apology, Socrates describes himself as being guided by a voice (phônê) that prevents him from doing the wrong thing. This voice is also a "sign" (sêmeion), whose absence is "proof" (tekmêrion) of correct action. Moreover, it is a "divine" (theion) and "spiritual" (daimonion) phenomenon (see Apology in Fowler, 1966, 31c–d, 40a–b).1 In contrast to scholars who refer to this phenomenon as Socrates's daimonion ("spiritual thing") or as a "sign" that implicitly signifies something else, in this article I suggest that it is not truly a signifier, but is rather better understood as a sign that resists symbolization.2 In other words, I aim to take this "voice" seriously as a voice: one that is irreducible to language (it says nothing), representative of no one (its speaker is not identified), non-dialogic, acousmatic, and unknowable except by the act of negation or the nonperformance of this act. In these features, it resembles the negative capability of Jacques Lacan's object a, and, in a similar way, dwells almost outside of social existence, the symbolic order, a trace of the Real, as defined here: The Real is essentially that which resists symbolization and thus resists the dialectization characteristic of the symbolic order, in which one thing can be substituted for another. Not everything is fungible; certain things are not interchangeable for the simple reason that they cannot be "signiferized." They cannot be found elsewhere, as they have a Thing-like quality, requiring the subject to come back to them over and over again. (Fink, 1995, p. 92) Like the Real, this voice is embodied as unique, its own Thing, repeatedly present to and constitutive of Socrates, heard only as it frees him from the symbolic structures of language, law, [End Page 413] and Athens, despite the attempts of Socrates's many accusers and his still more numerous interpreters (including himself) to assign it a fixed meaning. It is only through its strange (dis) embodiment of (as) voice that we can understand how it is constituted by and in opposition to the other voices in the Apology.3 Socrates's daimonion has been the object of copious studies, not least because it appears frequently—in several dialogues of Plato, works of Xenophon, and again in later but still ancient authors, such as Plutarch and Cicero.4 Thus, we have a protracted chain of overlapping but never quite (quiet) equivalent signifiers (each a "sign," sêmeion), with its meaning always shifting just a touch from one text to the next, with implications ever newly revealed or occluded.5 Many studies of the daimonion attempt to piece together clues from several dialogues (or authors) to construct an interpretation of its meaning or provenance. In this article, I suggest a different approach, namely, to read the daimonion in the Apology alone, not only in accordance with the precise words used there to denote it—first and primarily "voice"—but also in the context of the other voices that populate this dialogue. There are several justifications for this approach. One is that so literary a writer as Plato (however paradoxically) is likely to construct a careful work like the Apology in such a way that the parts bear meaningfully upon each other, whether intentionally or otherwise. Another is to adopt a more broadly structuralist perspective, which also calls for a psychoanalytic one: each piece of the Apology gains its meaning only in relation or opposition to the other pieces. However generally this may apply to language or texts, I try to show here that this form of reading is particularly, even preternaturally, appropriate to the Apology, whose entire raison d'être is to acknowledge, answer, respond to, fend off, diminish, refute, and even invalidate, but ultimately to exist in relation to accusation. Every voice in the Apology accuses, every voice but one. Yet very few voices can be heard, inasmuch as the dialogue poses the courtroom as a space that does not provide time for emphatic listening, the kind of listening that can affect a process of thought and (re) evaluation, such...

Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahim al-Barqi, and His Book “Al- Tabakat”: (Examples of what was Quoted in the Book Al-Ikmaal, by Al-Hafiz Mugultai)

Objectives: This research aims to introduce Ibn al-burqi Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Rahim and his critical efforts that did not get much luck from the study, as well as to reveal the importance of his lost book, "Al Tabakat", and to investigate its name. Methods: The study followed the descriptive approach; by collecting information related to Ibn al-burqi and his book, describing the importance of the criticism contained in it, and its characteristics, leading to a statement of the author's critical impact. Results: The study found that Ibn al-Barqi is one of the imams of criticism who are concerened with the conditions of prophetic Hadith narrators, and that his critical contributions stood out through his book "Al Tabakat", which is a precious book; in which he presented a summary of the judgments of critics in narrators, in precise words, with connotations that express the judgments of all critics. Conclusions: The need to follow up with the study on "Aldawa'afa" book to make use of it.

Examining purposeful researchable questions in mathematics education

Often general, and frequently involving scholarly concepts, research questions are the cornerstone of studies. Thus, from their precise wording to their context, research questions play a vital role in uncovering information, determining answers given by participants, and drawing conclusions. However, poorly structured research questions and misalignments to purpose within theoretical and empirical studies can lead to miscommunication and unanswered queries. To this point, this paper discusses the importance of asking purposeful researchable questions in mathematics education and examines what purposeful questioning in mathematics education using quantitative and qualitative research designs entails. An extensive review of literature, is presented with the purpose of identifying strategies for asking purposeful questions, exploring various criteria for judging researchable questions in mathematics education, and discussing the importance of aligning research questions to methodology and frameworks. The key findings reveal that ambiguities of language and the powerful force of context in interpreting the meaning of questions and answers could influence the impact of studies. Implications exist for mathematics and science education scholars who, face various challenges in asking questions that will produce what they want to know. The paper concludes with a brief discussion as to the significance and possibilities of purposeful researchable questions in mathematics education.

The 100th Anniversary of Einstein's Nobel Prize: Facts and Fiction

AbstractAs the 100th anniversary approaches of Albert Einstein being awarded a Nobel Prize, questions remain about the motivation for the prize and about the absence of any specific mention of his theory of relativity. By revisiting and supplementing earlier scholarly studies, it will be shown that “Einstein did not receive, as often claimed, a prize for his theory of the photoelectric effect and that committee member Allvar Gullstrand's error in comprehending relativity was not the cause for rejecting this strongly nominated achievement.” Rather, in their evaluations of relativity, “Svante Arrhenius (1920) and Gullstrand (1921 & 1922) brought to the task bias, if not prejudice; they incorporated arguments from the German ultranationalist experimental physicists’ politically and racially motivated opposition to Einstein and his theories of relativity and gravitation. Only when Carl Wilhelm Oseen joined the committee in 1922, he nominated, evaluated, and proposed a prize for the discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.” The precise wording and deliberate silence about Einstein's quantum theoretical derivation of the law owes to Oseen's insightful understanding of the challenges facing any effort to award a Nobel Prize to both Einstein and Niels Bohr.

The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev. Volume III

The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev. Volume III

跨文化交際視角下賽、沙譯本《水滸傳》傳統節日英譯對比研究

Based on the theory of translation in intercultural communication, this paper compares and evaluates the translation strategies adopted by Pearl S. Buck and Sidney Shapiro concerning Chinese traditional festivals in their English versions of Shuihu Zhuan. Resting on textual analysis and revised translation, this paper concludes that translators can effectively present the cultural background of the source text by precise wording pertain to the context of culture, and flexible combination of literal, free, or addition translation, together with domestication, and annotation. The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the foreign translation of Chinese traditional festivals and intercultural communication, in order to promote Chinese culture to the world, and to strengthen the dialogue between the nation and the world on an equal footing.

“I’m Here”: Isolation and Presence in the Short Stories of Tobias Wolff

ABSTRACT This article argues that Tobias Wolff critiques a doctrine of individualism, formed particularly in America during the Eighties, which has informed a central dynamic in his writing. Wolff depicts characters who must struggle to move away from solipsistic ideologies by seeing beyond habitual cycles of stagnated and destructive behavior. In many of his stories, characters are caught between a guarded sense of distance, versus an imperative to connect with those around them. I argue that the perceived vulnerability of forming relationships and the complex duties of moral decision-making create a tension that forms the basis of much of Wolff’s storytelling. I argue that Wolff shows how a focus on the present rather than on fleeting impulses or a fixation with the past can elucidate his protagonists’ lives. Three of Wolff’s stories close with the same two words: “I’m here.” I explore why this short sentence has such resonance in his work by drawing connections between these stories which span thirty years. In each case, the speaker is doing far more than consoling a person in distress. These precise words depict characters tentatively seeking to redefine themselves in climactic moments of self-growth.

Formal and Informal Language Expressions Used by English Students of Indonesia in Classroom Presentation-Interaction

Analysing communication strategies remains crucial to overcome communication problems in classroom interaction since it directs the students to receive successful English learning results. One strategy to communicate is applying an appropriate language level of formality in the classroom. However, there have been very limited researches that explore formal and informal languages in the classroom context. This research aims to discuss the characteristics and factors influencing students in using formal and informal expressions in the classroom presentation-interaction. This research applied a qualitative method taking twenty-two students of Universitas Negeri Makassar as participants. The data from classroom observation, voice-recording, and interview were analysed using the discourse analysis approach. The result of the research shows that characteristics of formal and informal language are absolutely opposite, namely complete versus uncompleted sentence, politeness versus familiarity words, and precise versus colloquialism words. The result of the research also shows factors influencing the use of formal and informal language are formal situations, communication purposes, status and age differences, and familiarity. This research also found the relation of using formal language as students' strategies to be polite to the lecturer in classroom interaction. Results of this research are significant for students in shaping good strategies in using formal or informal language expressions to achieve effective communication in classroom interaction.

Gauging Film History: An Exquisite Corpse

Gauging Film History:An Exquisite Corpse Ina Archer (bio), Dino Everett (bio), Marsha Gordon (bio), and Martin Louis Johnson (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Collage of 3 mm, 8 mm, 8.75 mm, 9.5 mm, 16 mm, 17.5 mm, 22 mm, 35 mm, 65 mm, and 70 mm. Arranged and photographed by Dino Everett, HMH Foundation Archivist, University of Southern California. [End Page 126] If the history of film is a history of creative expression and experimentation, it is also a history of technical innovations, standards, and practices. Of these, the width, or gauge, of film is one of the most critical, if often neglected. While film gauges were—by and large, and with important exceptions—standardized very early in an effort to make film an interoperable, international technology, producers and equipment manufacturers continued to experiment with film gauge, making films wider and narrower to achieve various exhibition-related objectives. Over time, film gauges became associated with modes of display, sites of exhibition, and specific uses of the medium. Unlike other film histories, the history of film gauges is not a story of growth from small to large, low to high, or local to global. Instead, film gauge confounds these narratives, offering us a history of dead and loose ends. What follows is a series of lilliputian lamentations, tiny tributes, half-pint histories, elfin elegies, mini manifestoes, and petit poems on the history of film gauges, starting with the widest gauge (125 mm) and ending with the smallest (3 mm). It was produced in the Surrealist spirit of an Exquisite Corpse: our team met once on Zoom to establish and discuss the rules that would guide our respective entries, which we did not share with each other until the entire piece was drafted in our separate corners. We assigned each participant a set of gauges on a 1-2-3-4 basis, rotating writers as we went from the widest to the narrowest, with each entry written to the precise word count for the gauge. For some entries (17.5 mm, 9.5 mm) this meant writing to the half-word. We agreed that we could be expansive in our entries but that we would discuss no gauge other than the one assigned. We did not see each other's contributions before our second and final meeting, when we revealed our pieces all at once through the simultaneous magic of a Google doc and a spirited recitation in the round. 125 Cinema is ephemeral, all light and shadows, darkened rooms and fixed gazes. Film is tactical, plastic, and fragile. When we hold film up to the light, our fingers are separated by its width, or gauge, allowing us to see the frame, unobstructed. While images can be made smaller or larger through lenses and throws, the gauge remains constant. Or does it? What is the history of the gauge, that standard that is not as standard as we assume? What do we make of the edge cases of something defined by its edges? Edges such as 125 mm, almost 5 inches, a gauge first patented by Herman Schlicker in 1914, designed to contain as many images as possible, some 1,664 on a roll of safety film. [End Page 127] 75 The 75 mm gauge was developed by the Lumière brothers for the 1900 Paris Exposition. The idea was to create a larger format in order to provide greater clarity when it was projected on a larger screen. The camera was built and ten negatives were shot; however, the projector was never completed. There was a typo in the Brian Coe book of Movie Photography that suggested Todd-AO prints were 75 mm, but that is false. 70 I'm among the earliest and widest to gaze at the cityscape. I'm the grandest and in my grandeur I grew from no perfs to 4, epically accommodating the coming of sound. You can positively BLOW me up to twice my negative size because I'm a Mad Mad Mad Mad format. Superlative plus high, wide, and handsome in my mid 50s—monikered Todd-AO, Ultra, Super, Panavision, and IMAX in my 70s...

Vocabulary learning strategies for Second or Foreign Language (SFL) Students of Missionary-run Colleges in Bangladesh

One of the crucial challenges that learners face for processing second or foreign language (SFL) learning is learning vocabulary. Vocabulary is recognized as vital to language use in which insufficient vocabulary knowledge of the learners led to difficulties a SFL learning. Thus, in the case of learning the vocabulary in a SFL, students need to be educated with vocabulary learning strategies. Investigation for learning vocabulary and its connection to reading has become significant in the field of research in SFL acquisition. Since reading requires precise and spontaneous word recognition skills, learners need to be equipped with sufficient vocabulary knowledge to read fluently. Yet, for many SFL learners, reading is a 'suffocating slow process' (Anderson, 1991). One of the causes or often experienced by the students is that they don’t have enough vocabulary knowledge. As a result, they tend to surrender to understand the semantics of the text or skip reading the word, sentence and even the paragraph due to the unfamiliar words. These circumstances propose that some learners may not have enough skills to handle the unfamiliar words.

Порівняльний аналіз мов в галузі міжнародних відносин

The current study is aimed at the international languages’ detailed examining and comparative analysis in the area of International relations and diplomacy in chronological order. It has proved that i n language analysis, there are many variables that must be taken into the deep account; the most principal ones are the homogenous or heterogeneous population structure, cultural heritage of the state, and culture of language learnt, different techniques and strategies in learning situations. The study highlights the fact that international relations appeared in the X – IX centuries BC and developed quite a long time and dynamically; their rapid development reason was the need for food and slave trade. Subsequently, diplomacy became a tool for resolving conflicts peacefully. International relations began in Greece and Rome; thus, the first language for conducting negotiations was Latin, however, we must admit that a language itself was often the cause of misunderstandings and conflicts. At one point it was replaced by French due to Napoleon’s vast lands seizure and later by English after the Paris Peace Conference, at which English and French were equalized. The UN meeting has approved several international languages – English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Chinese, but they are considered to be only international ones. Undoubtedly, diplomatic language is a great art of speaking, writing, and resolving some problems at issue. Comparing the number of people and language importance, we may conclude that native speakers do not make the language international. Easiness to learn and similarity to other languages are the distinguishing features required to become international. It’s worth noting that the language learning simplicity as well as the speakers’ mentality does not affect the language social significance directly. There has been turned out that the global map of language influence has a hierarchical structure: the central axis of communications (hub) – English, surrounded by second-order hubs: German, French, Spanish, Russian and Portuguese. It is believed that the oldest written treaty was a treaty concluded in 1296 BC between Pharaoh Ramses II and King Hatgushil III. The current study has determined communication and international relations as common denominators and reached the conclusion that diplomatic language is characterized not only by the fact of description accuracy, an in-depth analysis of government policy and actions, but also precise and concise wording.

OBOLDUEV′s IDYLL: THE UNDERGROUND VERSION

The article gives an interpretation of the early, seemingly difficult texts by Georgy Obolduev. His style is characterized not only by whimsical associative connections, but also by very precise and responsible word usage. This analysis allows us to find traditional idyllic motifs in his seemingly difficult poems. In the considered passages by G. Obolduev idyll exists as an archetype, as a subconscious and not embodied concept of being. One can say that Obolduev has an “underground” version of idyll. The unusual poetics of the idyllic poems correspond to the poetics of Obolduev's early works with sophisticated wordplay, realistic details, vivid imagery, intertextuality, “style eclecticism” and lexical variety. The analysis of Obolduev's texts of different periods revealed the important motif of "culture as cure". It is significant that this motif is regular and frequent in Obolduev's works.

When patients and clinician (dis)agree about the nature of the problem: The role of displays of shared understanding in acceptance of treatment

Globally, 4.4% of the world's population suffer from depressive disorder, and 3.6% from anxiety disorder. Previous work found considerable negotiation between providers and patients about the nature of mental health problems and frequent patient resistance to treatment. However, how doctor-patient shared understanding of the problem is reflected in treatment recommendations and whether this is consequential for patient acceptance of treatment is poorly understood. This study explored shared understanding of the problem and patient acceptance of treatment using conversation analysis. In 52 U.K. video recorded primary care consultations (collected July 2014–April 2015), 33 treatment recommendations for medication or talking therapy were identified. Shared understanding was explored focusing on: whether the patient presented the mental health problem as their primary initial concern and how they characterised the concern; whether the mental health concern was raised by the patient; and how the doctor aligned with the patient's earlier characterisation of the problem in the treatment recommendation itself. These phenomena were coded for each treatment recommendation and the impact on treatment acceptance was explored. Patients accepted the recommendation immediately in 38% cases and actively resisted in 62% cases. However, two communication behaviors were associated with patient acceptance: recommending treatment for the patient's initial focal concern and doctors' turn design in the recommendation itself, i.e., using the patient's earlier words from the initial problem presentation to describe and characterise the problem. Given the global burden of mental health problems and frequent patient resistance to treatment, understanding how professionals can engage more closely with the patient's perspective is important. When doctors use the patient's precise words from the initial problem presentation in the treatment recommendation, this displays an understanding of the patient's perspective and personalisation of treatment based on the underlying biomedical or social causes, which then impacts on patient acceptance of treatment.

The Use of Custom URL for E-Messages, Tweets and Posts against E-Social Platforms Based on Time Complexity Retardation

On the leaning of the widespread adaptation of web services such as social networking sites (like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, Pinterest, etc.) and E-mail have become regular work. We approach these sites to gather or share information worldwide in the form of messages (like tweets, posts, blogs, etc.) and also in other formats such as pictures, audio, and video. In the modern era of Technology where the audience is widely connected with e-platform, these social networking sites are also used to organize e-campaign to favor or counteraction in different contention such as political review, social issue, environmental dispute, worldwide controversy, trolling etc. using the method of Folksonomy [1]. We are participating in such trolling, controversy, and campaign or expedition by using posting a message, tweet, micro-blog, etc. In particular, to join all we are doing is post a tweet or micro-blog that has the precise word or phrase because it appears within the Trends list, like a hashtag. But the trending keywords changed in the short-term and any hashtag gets popularity worldwide shortly. We demonstrate the custom-URL to join e-campaign which is wrapped in shortened-URL for easy to understand and gets excessive results to trend any Tag or Hashtag in a span of time. We improve the results for the community, groups and as well as for the individual audience to gets the best consequence for trending keywords.

Socialist Constitutional Legacies in Regional Constitutions and Charters in Russia

Russia has a federated structure. It is quite complex, with five different types of subjects of the Federation: republics, territories, regions, an autonomous region, cities of federal significance, and autonomous areas. Each of these subjects of the Federation has its own constitutive law. For a republic within Russia, this document is called a constitution. For each of the other subjects of the Federation, it is called a charter (ustav). These “figurehead” constitutions and charters obviously have great significance for their respective subject of the Federation. However, there are interesting disparities between them. This article explores one aspect of these. It considers the legacy of the Soviet approach to law in the precise wording of the constitutions of Russia’s republics and charters of the other subjects of the Federation. This careful textual analysis reveals that there are a few – although only a few – traces of Russia’s socialist past in the wording of these constitutive documents. However, that may not be the only “remnant of the Soviet past” in the approach taken in relation to these important laws. It is argued that the scarcity of an enforcement mechanism which might allow judicial consideration of any breach of a republican constitution or subject of the Federation charter is strongly reminiscent of the situation of constitutional unaccountability which existed under the Soviet regime.

Infective Messages: Definitions, Processes, and Implications for Trauma, Identities, Internal Conflicts, Psychotherapy, and Research.

Throughout life, individuals are bombarded by countless emotion-generating messages. Certain of these messages, for example, some insults, admonitions, rejections, challenges, or insightful declarations, can be viewed as "infective." Infective messages shock, puncture, adhere, disturb, and generate discernable host responses that assimilate, accommodate, or repel the intruding messages. Messages originating in one's own mind can stimulate psychological equivalents of autoimmune responses. Sometimes, these messages produce enduring psychological changes. Infective messages may traumatize, organize, or therapize. The aims of this article are to consider how infective messages a) relate to their messengers (vectors), structural characteristics, and recipient (host) factors; b) might contribute to trauma, personal identity formation, psychological conflicts, and emotional self-regulatory and cognitive heuristics; c) might inform the conduct of psychotherapy; and d) suggest future research. Clinical observations were augmented with selective literature reviews. These sources contributed to perspectives regarding how certain messages might become infective; contribute to trauma, complex aspects of identity formation, and inner conflict; and inform the conduct of psychotherapy. Infective messages are commonly characterized by short, cogent communications emanating from credible sources that fall on vulnerable recipients' receptive, dispositional feeling states. These infective stimuli trigger reactive and defensive emotions and associated behaviors reflecting responses to significant threats or benefits relative to the individual's deepest needs, motivations, and values. Defensive overreactions may occur in response to messages to which individuals have been previously sensitized. Infective message contents appear to assimilate into constantly evolving, dynamic autobiographical brain maps consisting of highly specific neuronal networks that range from the brainstem through limbic structures to multiple cortical areas. Autobiographical maps built from message-injected contents may transform, akin to the incorporation of retroviruses or prions, to encode personal identities as aspects of the self. Contrasting maps may exist semi-independently of one another, continuously evolving, interacting, combining, dividing, conflicting, and contending with one another for attention. Achieving attentional awareness, such maps help structure how individuals conceptualize and communicate about their encoded traumas, diverse identities, and the conflicts among them. During psychotherapy, aftereffects of traumatizing infective messages might be detoxified by deconstructing, desensitizing, and processing messages' precise words and emotional envelopes in relation to contexts in which they were delivered, and the individual's inner dispositions at moments of impact. Carefully crafted, timely interpretations can be therapeutically infective, generating enduring positive impacts. Future studies using an assortment of approaches can test these perspectives.

On solutions of fractional multi-term sequential problems via some special categories of functions and (AEP)-property

The main intention of this article is that new techniques of existence theory are used to derive some required criteria pertinent to a given fractional multi-term problem and its inclusion version. In such an approach, we do our research on a fractional integral equation corresponding to the mentioned BVPs. In more precise words, by virtue of this integral equation, we construct new operators which belong to a special category of functions named α-admissible and α-ψ-contraction maps coupled with operators having (AEP)-property. Next, by considering some new properties on the existing Banach space having properties (B) and (C_{alpha }), our argument for ensuring the existence of solutions is completed. In addition, we also add two simulative examples to review our findings by a numerical view.

Looking behind: Turning cards in the selection task.

Wason's selection task requires that one imagine which of four cards, each of which has a letter on one side and a number on the other, one would have to turn over to determine whether a statement about the cards is true or false. For example, one might see four cards showing T, H, 6, and 4 and be asked to say which card or cards one would have to turn over to determine whether a statement in the form of If a card has T on one side, it has 4 on the other is true. In the great majority of experiments with this task no cards are actually turned. This limits the conclusions that can be drawn from experimental results. In two experiments participants actually turned (had a computer turn) virtual cards so as to show what they contained on their originally hidden sides. Participants were given a monetary incentive to do well on the task, and they performed it, with trial-by-trial feedback, many times. Performance was much better than is typically obtained with the more common way of performing the task. Results also demonstrate the importance of the precise wording of the statement to be evaluated and how a misinterpretation could help account for a tendency for people to turn only a single card even when the turning of two is required. Results prompt several questions of a theoretical nature and are discussed as they relate to recent theoretical treatments of the selection task.