Precise Speed Control Research Articles

A Review on The AC Servo Motor Control Systems

AC Servomotors are widely used in the industries for the control of static and dynamic loads. Precise control of position, speed, and torque are the main issues with the AC Servomotor. AC Servomotors are highly demanded by the industries to have a precise response under dynamic load conditions. Many control techniques are commercially available for the control of AC Servomotor under static and dynamic load conditions. However, all of these control techniques have advantages and limitations. Many investigations are done on the control of AC Servomotor, but comprehensive surveys on the control of AC Servomotor were still limited. In this paper, most of such commercially available control techniques are investigated, discussed, and compared.

An effective method for detection of stator fault in PMSM with 1D-LBP

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) have recently been used commonly in all areas of the industry due to their position control as well as precise speed. The success of these motors in applications of precise speed and position control depends on their whole operation. Even if the fault is at a highly-low-level, this negatively affects the precision of the motor. In this study, the one dimensional local binary patterns (1D-LBP) method, which is compelling and distinctive, has been used for feature extraction instead of frequency spectrum analysis or time–frequency analysis, which are among conventional feature extraction techniques in the literature, to detect short-circuit fault that occurs in PMSM stators. Thus, to test the proposed method, an experiment setup has been prepared to record current and voltage signals detected through 15 kHz sampling from healthy and faulty PMSM. 1D-LBP was applied to these current and voltage signals and the histograms of newly formed current and voltage signals were obtained. Histograms of newly formed signals are used as feature vectors. Healthy and faulty motors could be classified at high success rates applying one of the machine learning techniques, Knn algorithm, to histograms. It was found that the methods had a success rate over 90% when it was tested over-current and voltage data obtained from PMSM that ran at different speeds and loads and had different fault rates to test whether the methods ran properly.

Research and design of scanning servo device for airborne microwave radiometer

The Microwave Radiometer can obtain various characteristics of the measured target. The remote sensing aircraft has several outstanding advantages such as stronger mobility and larger capacity, which makes the Airborne Microwave Radiometer become the most important part of Microwave Remote Sensing technology. The mechanical structure was designed in this paper, which included airborne microwave radiometer scanning servo device structure and servo control system according to the requirements of the project. The statics and dynamics simulation of the scanning servo device were analyzed, the maximum value is 46.48MPa at the connection between the left support pedestal and the left drive shaft in the statics analysis and the first-order natural frequency of the scanning servo device is 50.516Hz in the modal analysis. The results showed that the mechanical structure meets the requirements of airborne working environment. The current - speed double closed loop control system was used to achieve the high precision speed control. The current - speed double closed loop control system was used to meet the high precision speed control requirements of high precision airborne microwave remote sensing technology.

Intelligent fuzzy sliding mode controller based on FPGA for the speed control of a BLDC motor

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are one of the most widely used motors for various industrial applications due to their high efficiency, high torque to weight ratio and elimination of mechanical commutator. These motors operate in wide range of speeds and necessitate precise speed control techniques, for their nonlinear model, insenseitive to parameter variations and external disturbances, when used in various sensitive applications. Conventional PI and other existing controllers produce high overshoot and increased rise time and settling time. The performance of BLDC motor is enhanced using a Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (FSMC) whose gain is intelligently varied with the help of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). For this purpose, a suitable FSMC is designed, simulated and implemented using FPGA. The simulation results are validated using Hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation as well as actual hardware implementation. Great improvement in the transient performance is achieved when compared to chatter free SMC, Fuzzy PI and conventional PI controller.

High‐performance control method for the MSTMP motor

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the ideal drive for the magnetically suspended turbo-molecular pump (MSTMP) for its high power density, reliable operation and high energy efficiency. Rotor position information is necessary to drive the PMSM. However, because of the installation space limitation and reliability requirement, position sensorless control technology without mechanical position sensors is more attractive. In this study, a sliding mode observer is adopted to estimate the back electromotive force (EMF) that contains the position information. Since the high-order harmonics in the back EMF would lead to harmonic position errors, a fixed frequency extraction filter is proposed to filter out the harmonics. A high precision speed control is of importance to ensure the performance of the MSTMP and also contributes to achieving a better position estimation accuracy, especially under strong disturbances. Therefore, a composite speed controller combining a sliding mode speed controller and a sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed to improve the speed control performance of the MSTMP. The effectiveness of the proposed high-performance control method for the MSTMP motor is evaluated with experiments.

Dynamic modeling and control of five phase SVPWM inverter fed induction motor drive with intelligent speed controller

Multi-phase induction motor (IM) drive is an emerging field of electric drive applications. This enables us to use the multi-phase AC machine than a three-phase machine. Precision speed control is important for industrial applications. Hence, direct torque control (DTC) with PI or PID regulators used, and these regulators are not flexible because of a constant gain in all working conditions. Therefore, robust speed control is essential for the precision speed control in industrial applications. The major objective of this study is to investigate a novel speed control for DTC of 5-ϕ VSI with space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique fed IM drive using wavelet fuzzy logic interface system. In precise, wavelet-fuzzy controller is an alternative for the PID controller used for DTC IM drive. The speed error signal comprises many short and extraordinary-frequency components. The scaled gains are generated for a DTC IM drive by the decomposition of discrete wavelet transform and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) from high and low-frequency signals. The investigation of 2 hp 5-ϕ VSI fed IMD is carried out using the simulation model developed in MATLAB2016a software and examined under various working conditions. The simulation results are shown in this paper to confirm the suitability for industrial applications.

All-nanoparticle layer-by-layer coatings for Mid-IR on-chip gas sensing.

Functionalization of optical waveguides with submicron coatings of zinc peroxide (ZnO2) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported that enabled selective concentration of acetone vapors in the vicinity of the waveguide, boosting the sensitivity of a mid infrared (MIR) on-chip detector. Controlled thickness was achieved by introducing precise control of the substrate withdrawal speed to the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique.

Enhancing Photoluminescence Quenching in Donor-Acceptor PCE11:PPCBMB Films through the Optimization of Film Microstructure.

We show that a precise control of deposition speed during the fabrication of polyfullerenes and donor polymer films by convective self-assembly leads to an optimized film microstructure comprised of interconnected crystalline polymer domains comparable to molecular dimensions intercalated with similar polyfullerene domains. Moreover, in blended films, we have found a correlation between deposition speed, the resulting microstructure, and photoluminescence quenching. The latter appeared more intense for lower deposition speeds due to a more favorable structuring at the nanoscale of the two donor and acceptor systems in the resulting blend films.

The Sliding-Mode Control Based on a Novel Reaching Technique for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

In order to improve the robustness, disturbance rejection and dynamic response performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed servo system, a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) strategy is adopted to replace the traditional proportion integral (PI) regulator in the design of speed controller. The mathematical model of PMSM is analyzed and a sliding mode controller based on a novel reaching technique is proposed. The integral of speed error is introduced into sliding mode surface to avoid the requirements of acceleration signal and reduced the steady-state error of the system. Meanwhile, a variable speed reaching method is imported to make the approaching speed correlate with the change of system state |s|, so as to improve the dynamic quality. In addition, the sigmoid function is used to replace the sign function in the conventional SMC, which further reduces chattering phenomena. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed NSMC method based on the new reaching technique can realize precise speed control. Compared with the conventional PI and SMC control, this method not only achieves a fastest and best response speed, but also has a strongest robustness of resisting the external disturbance.

Three-dimensional consensus control based on learning game theory for multiple underactuated underwater vehicles

This paper proposes a distributed controller for a rendezvous problem of multiple underactuated underwater vehicles (UUVs). The multiple UUVs move in three dimensional space. The formation controller designing process is divided into two parts. In the first part, a systematic distributed optimization method will be established on the basis of a learning game algorithm. This algorithm inherits the learning game theory's nature, that is, simplification and convergence. The property of learning makes the algorithm robust and autonomous. In the second part, based on above algorithm and the line of sight method, the way point tracking controller is designed. In this paper, tracking control problem of position error is converted into the stable control problem of speed error, the heading angle error and the vertical inclination error. The process of controller design is divided into two stages, which avoids the singularity problem. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and adaptive backstepping iterative design method, precise tracking control of the UUV speed, heading and pitch angle is achieved. Finally, simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed controller.

Contact modeling and input-voltage-region based parametric identification for speed control of a standing wave linear ultrasonic motor

Linear ultrasonic motor is a complicated electromechanical coupling system, precision speed control of which is a challenge for the researchers for difficulties in obtaining its accurate speed prediction model. The stator/slider contact mechanism, which can be described by a stick-slip-separation dynamics, greatly affects the output speed. Considering that practically the full physics of the system is often inaccessible to be modeled accurately for lack of prior knowledge of some physical/structural parameters, this paper presents a novel parametric contact model and the corresponding parametric identification procedure for steady-state speed prediction of a typical standing wave linear ultrasonic motor utilizing longitudinal and bending modes. Compared with the training data-driven general modeling, the approach retains physical insight into some important nonlinear characteristics in the contact process to improve prediction performance. The dynamic equations of the stator are deduced by using Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton's principle and a new interface friction model including asperity contact based stick friction and normal ultrasonic oscillation related slip friction is developed. Besides, the distinctive feature of position-dependent nonlinearity of linear ultrasonic motor, which can be characterized by variation of the vibration of the stator at interface, is evaluated by introducing a variable named nominal axial force of the stator. In the study, this variable acts as the output of an embedded model in the contact model, parameters and structure of which are to be identified. Further, the effect of the region of input voltage on the contact behavior, is taken into account in the identification. In order to collect the input/output data for the identification procedure, an effective and synchronous data acquisition and transmission hardware/software experimental system is established. By employing off-line maximum likelihood estimation method, the input-voltage-region based parameters can be obtained. It is validated credibility of the speed prediction model under different loads and different input voltages with a prototype of linear ultrasonic motor actuated motion platform.

Taxonomic research survey on vector controlled induction motor drives

The increased demand of induction machines in industries motivated the researchers to carry out their research on induction motor (IM) drives with a clear focus to achieve the wide range consistent control of speed and torque, as well as the stable operation of the IM drives. Vector control has become the industrial standard for the IM drive since scalar control being inadequate to provide precise and wide range speed control. Also, the steady-state and dynamic performances of the IM drive employing vector control have been observed better. In this study, intense analysis has been done on the methods available to implement vector control with their features, merits and demerits. Besides, the research trends and current status of researches have also been explored via the taxonomical listing of relevant research literature which, in the author's belief, would guide the researchers working in this area in finding out relevant references for their works.

Reduction of common‐mode voltage using a simplified FSC‐MPC for a five‐phase induction motor drive

This paper presents a cascaded closed-loop control of a five-phase induction motor (IM) drive system with common-mode voltage reduction capability. The outer loop uses standard PI regulators for speed reference tracking, while the inner control loop is implemented using a reduced order finite-state model-based current predictive approach. Establishing certain constraints, different combinations of switching state vectors are obtained, leading to the generation of different magnitudes of common-mode voltages. As a result, precise speed and current control is achieved in addition to the reduction of common-mode voltage and computational burden. Experimental results are presented to validate the concept.

A Novel Robust Speed Sensor-Less Control of DC Motor

Until now, Physical sensors have been used for estimating the speed of the DC motor for precise speed control. These Physical sensors not only increase the cost but also contribute to the failure of the overall control system. This paper proposes a novel observer for estimating the rotor speed of the DC motor based on the assumption that the speed will not vary during a short sampling period. Speed estimation is carried out by using the armature current and the supply voltage. Initially, a half order observer has been proposed where the speed is the only estimation variable. It has been found out that the half order observer has maintained an accurate speed estimation until a load disturbance has been introduced. In order to overcome this problem, a robust full order observer is proposed where both the speed and current are estimated. The proposed full order observer shows an accurate estimation during both speed step change and load variation. The closed loop operation of the speed sensor-less DC motor is verified through extensive simulation.

Analysis and Design of a Speed Controller for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive

This paper presents a high precision speed control of the reluctance machine for electric drive applications. To get high resolution speed control, it is developed a cascade control algorithm based on linear control technique. The controller was designed using the Root Locus Methodology and has been implemented on a numerical simulation platform. It is shown that Root Locus Methodology design is a viable approach, and that various problems associated with the structural torque ripple of the electric motor can be solved. An important aspect of this work is the role played by model linearization in testing the sensitivity of the controller performance to specific parameter changes. The controller was implemented in a simulated non-linear switched reluctance motor model in order to evaluate their performances. Simulations results show that the high-performance control for Switched Reluctance Motor has been achieved.

Performance evaluation of conventional and fuzzy control systems for speed control of a DC motor using positive output Luo converter

Precise speed control of DC motors is an important requirement for efficient industrial automation and diverse applications fields. In this paper, a speed control of a DC motor for a photovoltaic system is proposed using fuzzy logic technique as a controller with a DC-DC converter type positive output Luo converter (POLC). POLC, one of a new generation of DC-DC converters which presents multiples advantages, is used as an intermediary between the photovoltaic source and the DC motor, in order to control the transmitted power with low power losses. Multiple classical control techniques could be used to control DC motor speed. However, in this work, a PI fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed to get better pursuit, response and speed accuracy which represents important parameters to control on some industrial applications. Different system blocks are developed on MATLAB/Simulink as environment. Simulation results, using comparison between a conventional PID controller and the PI-fuzzy logic controller, demonstrate the good behaviour of the proposed system.

Performance evaluation of conventional and fuzzy control systems for speed control of a DC motor using positive output Luo converter

Precise speed control of DC motors is an important requirement for efficient industrial automation and diverse applications fields. In this paper, a speed control of a DC motor for a photovoltaic system is proposed using fuzzy logic technique as a controller with a DC-DC converter type positive output Luo converter (POLC). POLC, one of a new generation of DC-DC converters which presents multiples advantages, is used as an intermediary between the photovoltaic source and the DC motor, in order to control the transmitted power with low power losses. Multiple classical control techniques could be used to control DC motor speed. However, in this work, a PI fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed to get better pursuit, response and speed accuracy which represents important parameters to control on some industrial applications. Different system blocks are developed on MATLAB/Simulink as environment. Simulation results, using comparison between a conventional PID controller and the PI-fuzzy logic controller, demonstrate the good behaviour of the proposed system.

Adaptive Speed Control based on Disturbance Compensation for Engine-Dynamometer System

Abstract The speed control is a loop of much significance in engine-dynamometer test bench. To solve problems resulting from traditional PID in present industry, such as a long tuning period of controller parameters and degraded dynamical speed control performance after a change of bench configuration or parameters, a new control method based on disturbance compensation and model reference adaptive control was proposed. Extended state observer was used to estimate and compensate the uncertainties and disturbance both inside and outside the system, and feedback control law was updated based on Lyapunov function, with control parameters identified online by recursive least square. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can improve speed control precision in the engine-dynamometer system. Furthermore, the calibrating effort in control parameters can be sharply reduced.

Towards Expert-Based Speed–Precision Control in Early Simulator Training for Novice Surgeons

Simulator training for image-guided surgical interventions would benefit from intelligent systems that detect the evolution of task performance, and take control of individual speed–precision strategies by providing effective automatic performance feedback. At the earliest training stages, novices frequently focus on getting faster at the task. This may, as shown here, compromise the evolution of their precision scores, sometimes irreparably, if it is not controlled for as early as possible. Artificial intelligence could help make sure that a trainee reaches her/his optimal individual speed–accuracy trade-off by monitoring individual performance criteria, detecting critical trends at any given moment in time, and alerting the trainee as early as necessary when to slow down and focus on precision, or when to focus on getting faster. It is suggested that, for effective benchmarking, individual training statistics of novices are compared with the statistics of an expert surgeon. The speed–accuracy functions of novices trained in a large number of experimental sessions reveal differences in individual speed–precision strategies, and clarify why such strategies should be automatically detected and controlled for before further training on specific surgical task models, or clinical models, may be envisaged. How expert benchmark statistics may be exploited for automatic performance control is explained.

Investigation of Different Servo Motor Designs for Servo Cycle Operations and Loss Minimizing Control Performance

Servo motors are widely used in many industrial applications. These motors require precise control of acceleration, speed, and position. Different designs can be found in the literature. This paper will compare the response of two common types and will propose a new servo motor design that uses less magnet, lowering the price of the motor. The proposed motor would be able to save energy for the required application (minimize cost industrial process cost) and would be suitable for high-frequency injection based self-sensing techniques.