Pre Training Research Articles

The effect of a six months multicomponent training in elderly’s body composition and functional fitness – A before-after analysis

The aim of this study was to assess elderly’s functional fitness and body composition effects between pre and post multicomponent training program with six months of intervention. The sample of this study was composed with 34 volunteered elderlies with 68 (± 7.55) years old. The body composition was evaluated with a Tanita BC-545 and functional fitness test assessed elderly’s functional fitness. The body composition did not presented significant changes between the pre and post exercise program intervention. The training program increased the upper limbs strength levels and upper body flexibility and aerobic endurance. Different associations between body composition and functional fitness variables were founded between pre and post multicomponent training program. In this study, body composition seems not to be affected. However, functional fitness in upper limbs strength, upper body flexibility and aerobic endurance improved under a six months of multicomponent training.

Effect of a Comprehensive Loop System on Whole body Exercises Using Elastic Bands

Background:- Strength is the capability of the neuromuscular system to produce force against an externalresistance.1 Muscular performance is regarded as one the significant component in quality of life. Strengthtraining helps to increase the muscular tension which eventually increases the muscular performance.2 Therepeated and consistent resistance training strengthens the muscles.3 Most of the studies shows the effectof elastic resistance training with short term interventions on muscle strength(isotonic elastic resistancetraining) and have shown positive outcomes4. This is the first study investigating on increase in the strengthof concentric, eccentric , as well as isometric muscle contraction and also, as a whole body exerciser withtargeted muscle and group muscle training. In this study we lack the knowledge on how elastic resistancetraining affects the muscle strength in upper and lower body. Therefore, it is important to know if thiscomprehensive loop system, as a special training variable, could improve the strength in adult healthyindividuals. This study will help to determine the effect of comprehensive loop system on whole bodyexerciser using elastic bands, and assess if four weeks of training are sufficient to change upper and lowerlimb strength.Methodology:- Total 30 subjects were included in the study. All the subjects are healthy individualswere included from orthopedic departments, physiotherapy OPD, physiotherapy clinics, sports academy.Demonstration of the test with help of video and test trial was given in order to gain confidence and breaktheir fear. Latin square design chit was made and participants were asked to randomly pick up the chits.Subjects has to follow the same order of the test from in order to avoid learning bias. They were assessed forpush-up test and squat test for strength before and after the training. And a four weeks training protocol wastaken to assess the upper and lower limb strength respectively.Result:- There is a positive increase in the strength of the muscle which was checked using the push-up andsquat test for upper limb and lower limb respectively. With increase in the counts of push-up test (o.ooo)pre and post training session and with the squat training (p>0.05) pre and post training session, there is asubsequent positive increase in the strength gain of an healthy individual.Conclusion:- There is significant change in the muscle strength after four week of elastic training protocolof healthy adult individuals. Therefore, the tool kit is helpful as a whole body exerciser as well as a specifictargeted muscle exerciser to increase a individual muscle strength and to improve the way of exercisingwithout any hindrance in the aspects of space and heavy machine

Quality of life of patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy

Abstract: Leukemia is a stem cell disorder characterized by a malignant neoplastic proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow.Aim of the study: assessquality of life of patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Subjects & Method: A descriptive design was conducted at the Oncology Department and Hematology Unit at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt. Subjects: a convenient sample of 150 adult patients diagnosed with leukemia who had received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Tools: Tool I: Leukemic Patient's Structured Interview Schedule: It was included two parts: Part (I) Socio-demographic Data. Part (II) Clinical Data. Tool II: Leukemic patients' Health related Quality of Life Questionnaire: It was consisted of 8 domains & included 36 statements. Results: 51.3% have poor general health; there was no correlation between the QOL and socio-demographic variables, while there was no statistical significant relation between other clinical data of the studied patients and overall QOL percent score. Conclusion: more than half patients with leukemia who received chemotherapy had poor QOL which have negative impact on patient's physical, psychological, social life, and spiritual life. Recommendation: Pre and in-services training programs need to be developed for Chemotherapeutic Patients and nurses working with leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.

Development of postgraduate training in critical care medicine for nurse practitioners and physician assistants

Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PA) are increasingly providing care to the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. We structured a 4-month training program for our existing NPs and PAs and assessed their knowledge and skill pre and post training. The program was composed of blended didactic in critical care medicine topics, critical care simulations in simulation laboratory, and supervised critical care procedures. Formal knowledge and skill assessments were performed before and after the program to assess success in meeting predefined learning objectives. The mean preintervention medical knowledge assessment score was 3.37 ± 0.56 SD, which significantly improved to 3.86 ± 0.46 SD (p < .00001). For clinical skills for critical care procedures, the mean preintervention score was 3.10 ± 0.86 SD, which improved to 3.61 ± 0.92 SD (p < .00001). The overall knowledge (including medical knowledge and clinical skills) improved from mean 3.30 ± 0.86 SD to 3.80 ± 0.42 SD. The improvement was seen regardless of the duration of experience in critical care medicine. We concluded that structured didactics with supervised procedural training along with dedicated training in simulation laboratories, even for a short period, improves the overall knowledge and clinical skills required to work in a critical care setting.

Effect of Community-Based Functional Aerobic Training on Motor Performance and Quality of Life of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Efficacies of community-based exercise programmes have been well reported, but there is scarce information on the expediency of community-based rehabilitation in a society where many children with disabilities live in poorly resourced settings with extremely limited rehabilitative services. This study investigated the effects of community-based functional aerobic exercise (CBFAE) on gross motor function, walking distance, and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Quasi-experimental design was used. Children with gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels I - II participated in eight weeks CBFAE training four times/week, 50 minutes/day at 40-80% maximum heart rate. Gross motor function (GMF), walking distance and quality of life were assessed pre and post CBFAE training. Significant improvement was observed in GMF (Dstanding) (8.2%, P=.000), GMF (E-walking + running+ jumping (5.12%, P=.004), walking distance (6.09%, P=.009). Higher significant positive effects of CBFAE were observed in Social wellbeing and acceptance (107.10%, P=.000), and participation and physical health (105.04%, P=.005) by children parent proxy. Self-reported results showed that for CBFAE, significant positive improvements were higher in pain and impact of disability (67.93%, P=.049) and participation and physical health (60.00%, P=.042). CBFAE training contributes majorly to improved standing, walking, jumping and running and self-esteem, quality of life of children with spastic CP. Clinicians and exercise therapists should essentially incorporate CBFAE training and activities into the management of children with CP for improved mobility and functional performances.

Comparison of training effects between underwater treadmill gait training and overground gait training on the walking ability and respiratory function in patients with chronic severe hemiplegic stroke: A randomized, controlled, preliminary trial

ABSTRACT Background The need to develop a more effective intervention to obtain a functional recovery of stroke patients who are unable to perform land-based treadmill gait training has been widely reported. Thus, this pilot study aimed to identify a gait training type that could lead to improved gait and respiratory functioning in adult patients with chronic severe hemiplegic stroke. Objectives To examine whether underwater treadmill or/and overground gait training could be more effective in stroke patients. Methods In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study, 22 patients with severe hemiplegic stroke in a rehabilitation hospital were randomly assigned to the experimental (underwater treadmill gait training) or control group (overground gait training). All participants performed a 60-min neurodevelopmental treatment (five times/week for 12 weeks). Each group performed 30-min underwater or overground gait training (two times/week for 12 weeks). Gait and respiratory function were measured before and after the 12-week training. Results For the walking variables, step-time difference changes post-training showed significant differences between the groups (−.06 vs. +.04 s, p < .05). Both groups showed significant increases in the maximal voluntary volume (MVV) at post compared to pre training (p < .05). The post-training MVV values were significantly different between the two groups (+23.35 vs. +4.76 L, p < .05). Conclusions In severe stroke patients, underwater treadmill gait training can be more effective in improving gait and respiratory function than overground gait training and could be an effective clinical intervention tool for the training of such patients.

Effects of a Strength-Dominated Exercise Program on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Performance in Preschool Children.

Wick, K, Kriemler, S, and Granacher, U. Effects of a strength-dominated exercise program on physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 983-990, 2021-Childhood is characterized by high neuroplasticity that affords qualitative rather than quantitative components of physical activity to maximize the potential to sufficiently develop motor skills and foster long-term engagement in regular physical activity. This study examined the effects of an integrative strength-dominated exercise program on measures of physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children. Children aged 4-6 years from 3 kindergartens were randomized into an intervention (INT) group (n = 32) or a control group (n = 22). The 10-week intervention period was conducted 3 times per week (each session lasted 30 minutes) and included exercises for the promotion of muscle strength and power, coordination, and balance. Pre and post training, tests were conducted for the assessment of muscle strength (i.e., handgrip strength), muscle power (i.e., standing long jump), balance (i.e., timed single-leg stand), coordination (hopping on right/left leg), and attentional span (i.e., "Konzentrations-Handlungsverfahren für Vorschulkinder" [concentration-action procedure for preschoolers]). Results from 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) and near significant (p = 0.051) group × time interaction for the standing long jump test and the Konzentrations-Handlungsverfahren. Post hoc tests showed significant pre-post changes for the INT (p < 0.001; d = 1.53) but not the CON (p = 0.72; d = 0.83). Our results indicate that a 10-week strength-dominated exercise program increased jump performance with a concomitant trend toward improvements in attentional capacity of preschool children. Thus, we recommend implementing this type of exercise program for preschoolers.

The effect of 4 weeks motor imagery training on simulated BMX race performance

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effectiveness of a BMX specific Motor Imagery (MI) programme on simulated race performance. MI is defined as the visualisation of motor activities in the absence of physical movement and has been demonstrated to be effective for a variety of outcomes. However, to date, the transfer of MI has not been adequately evaluated in cycling specific settings. Therefore, using a crossover study, 13 sub-elite BMX riders (11 male, 2 female; age 19.2 ± 3.5 years, height 1.74 ± 0.06 m) undertook four weeks (80 min / week) MI training, in addition to normal BMX training, with a week washout between conditions. Pre and post MI training, track testing was conducted that included vertical jump and three BMX time-trials. Our data presented no significant improvement in riders’ finish time following MI training in any of the three races (p > .05), but showed a slight improvement trend. Despite this, relative peak power significantly improved following MI practice compared to the baseline and control conditions (p < .01). As a BMX rider’s final placing is often decided by a fraction of a second, coaches and practitioners may benefit from including MI in their training programme to improve riders’ performance; however, more research is needed with different competitive levels to test this hypothesis.

Leveraging gains from African Center for Integrated Laboratory Training to combat HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, there is dearth of trained laboratorians and strengthened laboratory systems to provide adequate and quality laboratory services for enhanced HIV control. In response to this challenge, in 2007, the African Centre for Integrated Laboratory Training (ACILT) was established in South Africa with a mission to train staffs from countries with high burdens of diseases in skills needed to strengthen sustainable laboratory systems. This study was undertaken to assess the transference of newly gained knowledge and skills to other laboratory staff, and to identify enabling and obstructive factors to their implementation.MethodsWe used Kirkpatrick model to determine training effectiveness by assessing the transference of newly gained knowledge and skills to participant’s work environment, along with measuring enabling and obstructive factors. In addition to regular course evaluations at ACILT (pre and post training), in 2015 we sent e-questionnaires to 867 participants in 43 countries for course participation between 2008 and 2014. Diagnostics courses included Viral Load, and systems strengthening included strategic planning and Biosafety and Biosecurity. SAS v9.44 and Excel were used to analyze retrospective de-identified data collected at six months pre and post-training.ResultsOf the 867 participants, 203 (23.4%) responded and reported average improvements in accuracy and timeliness in Viral Load programs and to systems strengthening. For Viral Load testing, frequency of corrective action for unsatisfactory proficiency scores improved from 57 to 91%, testing error rates reduced from 12.9% to 4.9%; 88% responders contributed to the first national strategic plan development and 91% developed strategies to mitigate biosafety risks in their institutions. Key enabling factors were team and management support, and key obstructive factors included insufficient resources and staff’s resistance to change.ConclusionsTraining at ACILT had a documented positive impact on strengthening the laboratory capacity and laboratory workforce and substantial cost savings. ACILT’s investment produced a multiplier effect whereby national laboratory systems, personnel and leadership reaped training benefits. This laboratory training centre with a global clientele contributed to improve existing laboratory services, systems and networks for the HIV epidemic and is now being leveraged for COVID-19 testing that has infected 41,332,899 people globally.

أثر التدريس التأملي في تنمية التفكير التأملي ورفع الجودة التعليمية من المنظور الإسلامي لدى معلمات مدرسة أم الخير للتعليم الأساسي في سلطنة عمان EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING PROGRAM IN REFLECTIVE TEACHING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFLECTIVE THINKING AND RAISING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY FROM AN ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AMONG UMM AL-KHAIR BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OMAN

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of training program in reflective teaching in the development of reflective thinking and raising educational quality from an Islamic educational perspective among Umm al-Khair Basic Education school teachers (10-12) in Oman. The study sample consists of 19 teachers from the school which represents 29% of the original population. The study was implemented in the academic year 2014-2015. Pre-post scale in reflective thinking was administered to assess reflective thinking, including 54 statements divided into 4 main levels. Suitable statistics test was used such as mean, standard deviation and T-Test for paired samples. The study sample undergoes a training program on reflective teaching practicing several tools which are dealt descriptively. The results of the study showed that there are statistical significant differences at (α = .05) between the means scores of reflective thinking in favor of post administration. Thus, the study recommends that it is important to include reflective teaching tools in pre and in-service training programs teachers. In addition, the study recommended doing more research in this area on students and other school stuff.

FLUID BALANCE DURING TAEKWONDO TRAINING

ABSTRACT Introduction Dehydration has been described as one of the main factors of reduced performance in combat sports activities, leading to death in extreme cases. Objective To investigate the pre-training hydration status and changes in fluid homeostasis during two taekwondo training sessions. Methods Eighteen male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 3.37 years) were assessed. The study design aimed to reproduce the conditions of a 90-minute taekwondo training session, divided into three stages: a) warm-up exercises (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min) and c) technical training (40 min). The athletes had ad libitum water intake during training. To assess the hydration status we considered body mass (BM), the amount of liquid consumed and urine output, which enabled us to establish absolute and relative fluid loss in kg and percentage as well as the sweating rate. We also considered urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (U-COL), and subjective sensation of thirst (Sthirst) before and after the training session. Pre- and post-training results were compared separately in each session and between sessions. Results There was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in pre-training BM between the two days of training. There was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the final BM on both days of the experiment. Most subjects had relative dehydration below 2%. A significant difference (P&lt;0.05) was recorded pre and post training for U-COL and Sthirst, with the highest rates obtained at the end of each session. Participants always started training at a low dehydration status (USG &gt;1,020g.ml-1). Conclusions The athletes tended to start the training sessions in dehydration status, which increases over the course of the training. Ad libitum water intake was not sufficient to balance fluid loss. Changes in fluid levels between sessions were similar. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.

Pre Training Determinants and Training Effectiveness in Public Sector Organizations; In the Case of Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia

This study focused on particular subset of factors determining training effectiveness namely to examine the effect of pre training dynamics trigger effective training, in public sector organizations. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data to answer designed research questions. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 385 sample respondents to collect the primary data selected from six public organizations. The study analyzed collected data using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed training need assessment, setting training objective/goal, trainee and trainer selection, employee perception and desire for training positively associated with training effectiveness. Thus, the study urges public organizations to execute training programs through due consideration of pre training determinants impeding training effectiveness. Keywords: training effectiveness, pre training determinants, public sector DOI: 10.7176/DCS/11-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

Physical-motor indicators and specific skills of young basketball players after periodization training

abstract Basketball is a team sport with short, high intensity movement patterns and rapid and frequent changes of direction. Strength, agility and speed, in addition to specific technical skills, are essential for basketball athletes to achieve good performance. This study aims to verify the effect of a traditional periodization on physical-motor indicators and on specific technical skills in young basketball players. Nineteen young basketball players (15.4 ± 1.3 years), with at least 12 months of training experience, underwent a 5-month periodization. We assessed two physical-motor indicators (countermovement jump (CMJ) and anaerobic capacity (Line Drill)) and two specific technical skills (Dribbling and Shooting) at the PRE and POST training moments. Paired Student's t test was used to test the effect of training on physical-motor variables and technical skills. We calculated the 95% confidence interval of the average relative gain (Δ%) for each variable and analyzed the effect size through Cohen's d (p≤ 0.05). Significant differences were found between the PRE and POST moments in the CMJ (34.02 vs. 38.64 cm; p &lt;0.001), in the Line-Drill (33.20 vs. 31.73 s; p &lt;0.001), Dribbling (6.95 vs. 6.66 s; p &lt;0.001), and Shooting (15.84 vs. 17.95 pts; p &lt;0.001). Young school-level basketball players submitted to a 5-month training period were able to improve their physical-motor indicators and specific skills.

Knowledge Management-Based Nursing Care Educational Training: A Key Strategy to Improve Healthcare Associated Infection Prevention Behavior.

IntroductionKnowledge management-based nursing care has a positive effect in preventing healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Therefore, nursing professionals can utilize key strategies of knowledge management to support clinical decision making, reorganize nursing actions, and maximize patient outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge management-based nursing care educational training on HAI prevention behavior at the High Care Unit (HCU) of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.MethodsA quasiexperimental design with a pretest, educational training intervention, and posttest were conducted on 15 nurses in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, which lasted for 16 days. Furthermore, observation of nursing care documentation, nurses’ handwashing compliance, and presence of infection-causing bacteria in the HCU staff and environment (hands rub handle, medical record, and patient's bed) was carried out pre (day 1–7) and post training (day 10–16). Subsequently, educational training related to knowledge management-based nursing care was conducted for 2 days (day 8–9) by the Doktor Mengabdi Team of Universitas Brawijaya.ResultsThe knowledge level and completeness of the nursing care documentation in the HCU room significantly increased after the training (p < .05). Also, compliance to the six steps five moments of nurses’ handwashing increased after the training (p > .05). Infection-causing bacteria were found in the HCU environment and staff before and after the training involving Pseudomonas stutzeri, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pasteurella pneumotropica, and Acinetobacter lwoffii. Therefore, increased knowledge of HCU nurses and complete documentation (r = .890; p = .054), increased knowledge of HCU nurses and handwashing compliance (r = .770; p = .086), and handwashing compliance and bacterial presence (r = .816; p = .084) all had a positive correlation.ConclusionKnowledge management-based nursing care educational training increased infection prevention behavior in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.

Scale of Auditory Behaviors in the monitoring of acoustically controled auditory training

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the Scale of Auditory Behaviors perception after an acoustically controlled auditory training program. Methods: 23 individuals of both genders, aged 6 to 15 years, participated in this study. Inclusion criteria: to present auditory thresholds lower than 20 dBHL between 250 and 8000Hz, type A tympanometry and diagnosis of central auditory processing disorder confirmed by behavioral tests with indication of acoustically controlled auditory training which was performed in ten one-hour sessions. Hearing tests in progressively adverse listening conditions were used. In the first and last session of the acoustically controlled auditory training program, the individuals were submitted to the Scale of Auditory Behaviors. The appropriate statistical tests were applied considering a p-value less than 0.05. Results: questions Q1, Q2, Q4, Q7, Q8 and Q11 showed statistically significant results and improvement in behaviors after the acoustically controlled auditory training. On the other hand, questions Q3 and Q10 showed a tendency towards significance and the total score in the post time period increased in relation to the pre-moment, pointing to a statistically significant difference that represents complaint reductions. Conclusion: the subjective perception of the individuals and their family members could be identified by the application of SAB in the pre and post auditory training, revealing an improvement in auditory and attention behaviors.

Overcoming Patient-Provider Language Barrier: A Project Designed to Teach Health Professionals Afaan Oromoo Language

Background: Provider-patient miscommunication in the health care setting can have fatal consequences. It is especially a common occurrence in multilingual countries like Ethiopia. Yet, providers in such settings tend to rely on untrained ad hoc interpreters with no systemic solution in place designed to solve the problem. Our quality improvement project aims to evaluate one such intervention deployed in a high-volume tertiary hospital, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC). Method: A baseline assessment was conducted to assess the language mix of patients presenting to the hospital. Medical Afaan Oromoo (MAO) project was then designed to teach Afaan Oromoo to health care professionals in a 3-month period. The effectiveness of the project was evaluated with standardized pre and post training assessment tools. Findings: The baseline assessment showed the majority of patients seeking care at the hospital speak Afaan Oromoo (56.1%). And more than half of these patients (55.4%) were unable to speak Amharic (the working language). Only 8.9% of health care providers were able to communicate with Afaan Oromoo. The language training project was able to improve language proficiency from a baseline of Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) scale level 0 to level 2 in 96% of trainees. Conclusion: There was a substantial discrepancy in self-reported Afaan Oromoo language communication ability between providers and patients at the hospital. Although the language training program brought about a significant change in language proficiency (Level 0 to 2 in 96% of trainees), further research is needed to ascertain its impact in actual Afaan Oromoo language incongruous clinical setting.

Prescriber opioid patterns following cesarean section pre and post provider training

Background: Opioid abuse continues to be an ongoing issue in the United States. Prescriber prescriptions play a large role in this epidemic. This study describes opioid prescribing patterns following cesarean section before and after the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) mandated the Opioid Prescriber Training Program in 2017. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 1494 women hospitalized for cesarean section at a single institution in New York City between July 2016 and August 2018. We obtained patient data via chart review. Results: Primary outcome was total amount of opioid prescribed before and after the Opioid Prescriber Training. Secondary outcomes included outpatient opioid prescription habits by provider level, as well as outpatient opioid prescription patterns related to the amount of inpatient opioid use; and patient, surgical, and hospital-specific factors. There was a significant difference in opioids prescribed before and after training. The median dose of opioid prescribed pre and post intervention was 150 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) which is equal to 20 pills of 5 mg of oxycodone. Pre-training, 41.1% of prescriptions amounted to &gt;150 MME, compared with 21.3% post-training (p-value for association &lt;0.001). Post-training, all provider levels had reduced opioid prescriptions in the category of &gt;150 MME. Neither inpatient opioid use, patient demographic, surgical nor hospital factors affected opioid prescriber patterns. Conclusion: This suggests that the NYSDOH mandated opioid training course may have contributed towards changing opioid prescribing patterns with the greatest impact noted in resident physicians.

Training of Pediatric Critical Care Providers in Developing Countries in Evidence Based Medicine Utilizing Remote Simulation Sessions.

Background. Remote simulation training provides a unique opportunity to captivate providers despite language, distance, and cultural barriers. Previously we developed a novel electronic decision support and rounding tool, the Checklist for Early Recognition and Treatment of Acute Illness in Pediatrics (CERTAINp). This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and impact of remote simulation training of international PICU providers using CERTAINp. Methods. We conducted train-the-trainer sessions in 7 hospitals based in 5 countries (China, Congo, Croatia, India, and Turkey) between 11/2015 and 11/2016. Providers first took part in a base line simulation session to assess their clinical performance. They had structured hands-on training using CERTAINp, which was done remotely using video conference with recording capabilities. Performance in PICU “admission” and “rounding” scenarios was assessed by their adherence to standard of care guidelines using CERTAINp. After this training, the providers were re-evaluated for performance using a validated instrument by 2 independent trained reviewers. Results. A total of 7 hospitals completed both baseline and post simulation sessions. We observed improved critical task (total 14) completion in the admission scenarios where pre training task completion was 8.2 ± 2.6, while after remote training was 11.2 ± 1.8, P = .01. In rounding scenarios, compliance to standard of care guidelines improved overall from 45% to 95% (P < .01). Conclusion. We observed an improvement in compliance for measures determined as best practice guidelines in simulation rounding and overall improvement in critical tasks for simulated admission cases after remote training.

Effect of pranayama training on vital capacity, respiratory pressures, and respiratory endurance of young healthy volunteers

Background: There is a paucity of literature on the effects of isolated pranayam practice in particular savitri pranayam. Furthermore, no study depicts the pattern of change and variations in the effects produced. It needed to be found out whether long-term practice of Pranayama improves respiratory endurance and to what extent. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1stsecond, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and 40 mm Hg endurance of young healthy volunteers and to study the effect of pranayam on the same. Materials and Methods: Sixty volunteers of age group 20–30 were recruited and were divided into pranayam group and control group. After familiarizing the subjects with lab environment, the pre training values of both the groups were recorded. The parameters recorded were FVC, Forced expiratory volume in 1st s, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and 40 mm Hg endurance. A spirometer and a mercury manometer were used to measure these parameters. The pranayam group was given training in savitri pranayam for 12 weeks. The parameters were recorded at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of study. Data were collected and analyzed with student-t-test. Tests of significance were calculated by Statistical package for the Social Sciences software version 21.0. Results: There was a highly significant improvement (P < 0.001) in all the parameters among pranayam group. The control group did not showed significant improvement in any of the parameters. Conclusion: The improvement in respiratory efficiency in this study, though highly significant is less in magnitude. Combined practice of asan and pranayam may produce a better improvement than practicing savitri pranayam alone. The pattern of improvement in respiratory variables is not uniform. Individuals respond differently to yoga. Some showed a rapid improvement followed by a plateau, whereas for others the improvement graph appeared slow and steady. Yoga training has to be individualized and yoga therapy should be customized according to individual patient’s receptivity and nature. Savitri pranayam would be an effective tool in promotion of respiratory efficiency.

Sentiment analysis of Chinese text based on Elmo-RNN model

Traditional word embedding technologies such as Word2Vec and GloVe can only produce a single semantic vector, and can not get the specific meaning of polysemous words in the text combined with context. To solve this problem, a sentiment analysis model of Chinese text based on Elmo and recurrent neural network is proposed. The model uses Elmo model to learn the pre training corpus, and the BiLSTM network structure in Elmo model makes the word vector generated by Elmo model have context sensitive characteristics, which is more accurate in the expression of polysemous words, and this is not achieved by the traditional word embedding technology. Then, the model uses the recurrent neural network to extract the deep-seated features of the word vector and fuse the features. Finally, the softmax function is used to realize the sentiment classification of text. Experimental results show that Elmo-RNN can effectively improve the accuracy of text sentiment analysis.