Pretest-posttest Control Group Design Research Articles

The flipped-classroom effect on vocational high school students’ learning outcomes

<span lang="EN-US">The flipped-classroom instructional model is considered suitable for teaching procedural knowledge. Apart from flipped-classroom, it turns out that another instructional model, namely direct instruction, is also designed to teach procedural knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in procedural knowledge learning outcomes between flipped-classroom and direct instruction learning models in the cognitive and psychomotor domains and to determine the effect of flipped-classroom on students’ procedural knowledge learning outcomes. This type of research is a true-experimental design with a randomized pre-test post-test control group design for the cognitive domain and a randomized post-test only control group design for the psychomotor domain. The research instrument used a written test (pre-test and post-test) for the cognitive domain and a performance assessment for the psychomotor domain. The flipped-classroom is better than direct instruction regarding procedural knowledge learning outcomes. Furthermore, flipped-classroom significantly affects the students’ procedural knowledge learning outcomes, both cognitive and psychomotor domains. The effect of flipped-classroom implementation on the psychomotor domain (t(50)=23.62; p<0.01; d=6.56) is greater than the impact of performance on the cognitive domain (t(50)=2.35; p<0.05; d=0.65).</span>

Effectiveness of pocketbook as the media of preconception nutrition education

Nutrition improvement in preconception women is a new paradigm in dealing with nutritional problems. Preconception nutrition intervention is a strategic way to break the phenomenon of stunting between generations. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutrition education through pocketbooks and lectures on knowledge and attitudes. This study was used as a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study were all pharmaceutical students and health analysts at Politeknik Kesehatan Medan. The minimum sample is using Hypothesis tests for two proportions (n=100). Sample selection used a simple random sampling technique. The intervention group was given a pocketbook and the control group was given a lecture. Respondents’ knowledge and attitudes were measured before and after treatment using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test. Nutrition education through pocketbooks and lectures had a significant effect on knowledge and attitudes about preconception nutrition (p<0.001), but the pocketbook was more effective than the lecture method in increasing knowledge (p<0.001) and attitudes (p=0.017). Preconception nutrition education by providing pocketbooks is effectively used as a preconception nutrition intervention with a wider target range, and time efficiency, and does not depend on material providers.

Guided inquiry with Moodle to improve students’ science process skills and conceptual understanding

This study aims to improve and describe science process skills (SPS) and conceptual understanding (CU) college students through guided inquiry learning with Moodle (GI-Moodle). This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. College students taking general biology courses at Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering (FSTT), Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA) participated in this study. They were divided into three classes: the experiment, control 1, and control 2. Their SPS was measured using an essay test instrument containing 18 items, while the CU was examined using 50 items multiple choice test and 5 items essay test. The obtained data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. The analysis results identified different average students’ SPS and CU before and after they attended the learning processes using GI-Moodle, guided inquiry with WhatsApp group (GI-WAG), and structured inquiry with WhatsApp group (SI-WAG). The experiment class attended learning using GI-Moodle presented a more significant increase of SPS and CU than the students attending the other two learning with GI-WAG and SI-WAG. Therefore, the GI with Moodle learning can be used to improve students’ SPS and CU during post COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, further studies are suggested to use a more number and broader participants and identify the influence of GI-Moodle on other variables.

The Effectiveness of Listening Team Learning Strategies to Improve the Results of class five in Fiqh Lesson at Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor 2 for Female

Listening Team Strategy cooperative learning model that requires students to think critically, and each group has a different task. So, students can play an active role in expressing their opinions. The low average result in fiqh lesson (bidayatul mujtahid) of class five in Fiqh lesson (Bidayatul Mujtahid) of Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor 2 for female shows that students do not understand the material as whole. Based on the description above, this research aims to: (1) Know the result before and after using the methode from Listening Team in strategy for the experimental class and (2) know the result before and after using conventional learning in the control class (3) to know the effectiveness of listening team strategy on learning outcomes (Bidayatul Mujtahid) of class five in Fiqh lesson at Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor 2 for female. The type of research in this study is quantitative experiments using a quasi-experiment design, namely a nonequivalent control group design with the form of a pretest-posttest control group design. Test the initial and final tests in both classes. Based on the results of this study, researchers concluded that the Listening Team strategy effected to increase the learning outcomes of class five of Islamic teacher training college. Researchers hope that further research to deepen the learning tractor and improve student outcomes. It can help students to understand learning material, especially fiqh lesson.

Improvement of Direct Learning Model Using Calculator on Mathematics Learning Achievement of Roving Material and Flat Area in Grade IV Elementary School

This study aims to determine whether the results of learning achievement of students who apply to learning using a direct learning model using a calculator obtain better results than classes that apply to learning using conventional models. This research is quasi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study was the fourth grade of SD UMP, Kembar sub-district, Banyumas Regency, in 2020, which amounted to 59 students. The sample in this study is class IV A, totalling 29 students, and class IV B, totalling 30 students. Class IV A is an experimental class using the application of learning with direct learning models. Class IV B is a control class using the application of direct learning models without a calculator. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The data collection technique in this study was a test in the form of a description, namely pretest and posttest. The results of nonparametric test calculations in u-test Ho are rejected, and Ha is accepted. The results of calculations using SPSS obtained sig < 0.05 or sig 0.001 < 0.05, so there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Based on the results obtained from the data, it can be concluded that the direct learning model uses a calculator to measure mathematics learning achievement in the material of circumference and area of flat shapes in grade IV elementary school.

Effect of Psychoeducation on Reducing Burden Among Primary Caregivers of People with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a serious psychological illness that needs long-term treatment. Family members, especially those who care for a patient at home, experience the burden of providing long-term care. Psychoeducational intervention may enhance the caregiver’s outcomes. The major goal of the study was to explore the effect of psychoeducation on reducing the burden among primary carers of people with schizophrenia. In this study, thirty-two participants (32 caregivers) were purposefully selected based on the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). A personal information form and the Bangla version of the Zarit Burden Interview scale were administered. Total participants were divided by simple randomization into two groups (i.e., experimental and control groups). Following the baseline evaluation by questionnaire, the experimental group of 16 caregivers received two sessions of psychoeducation, but the control group of the same number of caregivers did not. The effectiveness of psychoeducation was evaluated using a pretest-posttest control group design. Findings suggested that psychoeducation decreased the level of burden, and after the intervention, the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. These findings found that the psychoeducation intervention had a positive outcome in reducing the burden on caregivers of patients who deal with schizophrenia. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 9(1): 81–94, 2023 (June)

Medical and Psychological Intervention for Indian Adult Patients with Cancer: A Randomised Control Study

Background Contemporary cancer care primarily focuses on advanced biomedical treatments, often overlooking the psychological and social challenges associated with the illness (psychosocial factors). This oversight can undermine the efficacy of healthcare and subsequently impact the overall well-being of cancer patients. There is a widespread consensus among medical professionals that psychological factors play a crucial role in the care and treatment of cancer patients. Purpose The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of treatment as usual (TAU) and a combined intervention (CI) of TAU and psychological intervention (PI) on stress, coping strategies and quality of life among adult cancer patients. Methods The present study employed a pretest–post-test control group design comprising two groups—Group I (a control group involving TAU only) and Group II (an experimental group involving TAU and PI). In Group I ( n1 = 30), the patients with cancer were randomly selected from a pool of 105 cancer patients from three cancer types, lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC) and head/neck cancer (HNC), and were administered only TAU (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy and radiation‑hormonal therapy). In Group II ( n2 = 30), the participants were administered not only the regular TAU but also the PI involving psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and guided imagery. Three research instruments, namely QSC-R23, Brief Cope Inventory and EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0, were used for the present study. Results The study findings revealed that both TAU and CI resulted in positive outcomes across the measured variables. Notably, there was a decrease in stress levels and an improvement in coping strategies, encompassing problem-focused, emotion-focused and adaptive coping. Furthermore, participants showed a decreased reliance on maladaptive coping strategies and reported an enhanced quality of life, as evidenced by improvements in symptom scales. Conclusion The study indicated that combining PI with TAU resulted in better outcomes, highlighting the effectiveness of CI (TAU with PI) for cancer patients compared to TAU alone.

Effects of flipped listening classroom on undergraduate students’ foreign language listening anxiety and willingness to communicate

Effects of flipped listening classroom on undergraduate students’ foreign language listening anxiety and willingness to communicate

Effect of a family-based lifestyle intervention on weight reduction among Jordanian children with obesity aged 6–9 years

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a family-based lifestyle intervention on reducing body weight among Jordanian children with obesity aged 6–9 years old. The pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 162 children (75 in the intervention group and 87 in the control group) with obesity aged 6–9 years old at four primary schools in Jordan during the period from March 2021 to July 2021. The results found that, after the intervention, there was a statistically significant change in the F scores in the control group vs. in the intervention group (M = 37.07, SD = 2.77; M = 33.48, SD = 2.73; t (160) = 8.29, P < 0.001), where the mean BMI percentile was reduced by 2.05 in the intervention group. A significant difference was demonstrated in the median BMI percentile in the intervention and control groups post-intervention (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also noticed between the average weekly reported dietary habits and the physical activities of both the control group and the intervention group post-intervention. The findings support the effect of family-based lifestyle interventions. Healthcare providers should adopt such interventions for children living with obesity. Future study is required to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this intervention on weight reduction.

Efektivitas Modul Pencemaran Sampah dengan Model Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Biologi

Critical thinking skills are a crucial aspect of the 21st century, playing a fundamental role in various areas of life, yet they are still not optimally developed in classrooms. This research aims to develop critical thinking skills through the Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) module for biology students. This study uses a nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design experiment involving three classes as the experimental group, positive control, and negative control. This research sample consisted of 67 biology students from Universitas Negeri Malang across three classes. Data collection techniques employed pretest and posttest questions on critical thinking skills. Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA. The results of the ANCOVA test on the biology students' critical thinking revealed a significance of learning at 0.036 (less than 0.05), thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, indicating a difference in critical thinking between students using the ADI module, ADI model, and PowerPoint. The ADI module proved effective in enhancing the critical thinking skills of biology students, with significantly higher posttest results compared to other learning models. The development of this module also included the integration of interactive videos about the conditions of garbage mountains and leachate water pollution at the Supit Urang Malang landfill, providing a more realistic context for the students

Integrating a blended discovery learning model with a bioenial website to empower science process skills and scientific attitude

This study aims to determine; 1) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower Science Process Skills (SPS) of grade X students on the material of environmental change and preservation and 2) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower the scientific attitude of grade X students on the material of environmental change. The research method used a quasi experiment with a quantitative approach. The research design used posttest only control group design to measure SPS and pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design to measure scientific attitudes. The population in this study were X grade students of SMA Negeri A Sukoharjon the 2022/2023 academic year. The samples of this study were X2 class as experimental class 1 as many as 36 students, X4 as experimental class 2 as many as 36 students, and X5 as control class as many as 36 students. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Data collection questionnaire (scientific attitude), observation (SPS, scientific attitude, syntax implementation), and documentation. Data analysis technique used ANOVA hypothesis test for SPS and ANCOVA for scientific attitude. The ANOVA test results showed the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower SPS. The results of further testing with LSD show that Blended Discovery Learning is a treatment that is significantly different among the three class groups. The ANCOVA test results show that there is no effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower scientific attitudes

KEEFEKTIFAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNG

The purpose of this study was to determine how effective group guidance services with sociodrama techniques are to increase the self-confidence of class XI science students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung. This type of research is a quantitative experiment with a True Experiment research method using a pretest posttest control group design. The samples taken were 20 students, 10 students for the experimental group and 10 students for the control group using purposive random sampling. In this study, data were obtained through research instruments in the form of a self-confidence scale and interviews. The research design used was pretest, treatment, and posttest. The treatment was carried out five times in the experimental group with an average of 69 to 86.1, an increase of 17.1. The results of the hypothesis test obtained that tcount = 100,662 were consulted with a significance level of 5% (0,05) namely 2,101. This shows that tcount = 100,662 > ttable = 2,101 It was concluded that group guidance services with sociodrama techniques were effective in increasing the self-confidence of class XI science students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung.

The Implementation of the Case Method with Blooket Media to Enhance Student Learning Outcomes in Radiochemical Material

Research related to the implementation of learning models to improve the quality of learning continues to be carried out in line with changes in the applicable curriculum. The selection of the right learning model with the help of fun game media is the basis for this research, so that learning becomes more meaningful and not boring. This is a quasi-experimental study using a "nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design." Before the t-test, a prerequisite test was carried out in the form of a normality test (using the Liliefors test) and a homogeneity test (using the Levene test). In addition to hypothesis testing, this study also calculated the score increase (N-Gain) from the pretest and posttest data. The t count value is 2.88, while the t table value at = 0.05 with dk = 51 is 1.67. The hypothesis is supported because the t count value is greater than the t table value (2.88 > 1.67). In addition to the t count and t table values, the r2 = 0.1403 value was examined. This coefficient value of 14.03% indicates the level of effect of employing the case method with blooket media on increasing student learning outcomes in the Radiochemistry subject.

Butterfly hug therapy on reducing anxiety levels and stabilization hemodynamics in patient digital subtraction angiography

Background: Digital subtraction angiography can affect anxiety in patients so that it can worsen the patient's condition during catheterization, such as increased heart rate and breathing. One of the efforts to reduce anxiety that can improve hemodynamics is butterfly hug therapy. However, its effectiveness in reducing hemodynamic anxiety needs to be further investigated.Purpose: To evaluate butterfly hug therapy's effectiveness on anxiety and hemodynamics before digital subtraction angiography.Methods: This is a quasi-experiment study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Fifty-two respondents were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 26 respondents were given butterfly hug therapy, and 26 others were given standard therapy. The study implemented the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale Questionnaire and observation sheet. This research analysis uses the Independent T-test and Wilcoxon Test.Results: The anxiety level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (46.73 ± 2.08 vs. 53.84 ± 1.74; p<0.05). In hemodynamic stability (pulse, respiratory, and blood pressure) was stability than the control group (80.69 ± 2.44 vs. 89.11 ± 2.39; 20.65 ± 0.39 vs. 21.0 ± 0.53; 104.7 ± 1.46 vs. 109.5 ± 1.82; p <0.05).Conclusion: Butterfly hug therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and stabilizing hemodynamics among patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography.

Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Quantum Kauny terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Tahfidz Qur’an Siswa di SD IT Cendekia Darussalam

Problems that become obstacles in carrying out the tahfidz Qur'an program at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam, thereby disrupting the improvement of the quality and ability of tahfidz Qur'an of students at school, include the lack of enthusiasm and motivation of students in memorizing the Qur'an, the deposit for memorizing was not fluent, students could not understand the meaning of their memorization and also the use of learning media and the choice of methods were inappropriate which cause the problems with the quality of students' memorization.This study was aimed to find out (a) how high the quality of students' memorization of the Qur'an is after implementing the quantum kauny method at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam. (b) the effect of applying the quantum kauny method on improving students' tahfidz Qur'an abilities at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam. The method used in this research was quantitative experimental method with a Quasi Experimental pretest posttest control group design. The samples in this study were students of class VI AL-Munadi and class VI Al-Munawwir. Data collection techniques in this research consisted of tests, documentation, observation and interviews. The results of the research show that there is a difference in test results using the Quantum Kauny method in pretest and posttest using the conventional method, this is proven by the "t" test and the results of hypothesis testing in class VI Al-Munawwir obtained tcount > ttable namely 13.066 > 2.07387 and significance value (2-tailed) < 0.05. then the test results in class VI Al-Munadi obtained tcount > ttable, namely 2.369 > 2,045 and the significance value (2-tailed) < 0.05, and the N-Gain test from the results of the N-gain analysis in the Experiment class was 0.33 medium category and control class 0.-12 low category. So it can be concluded that the use of the quantum kauny method has an effect on increasing the ability of tahfidz Qur'an students at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam because Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected

Aplikasi Tepung Biji Pepaya sebagai Alternatif Obat Herbal dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Cacingan pada Sapi Potong

This research aims to analyze the potential of Papaya Seed Flour as an Alternative to Herbal Deworming Medicine in Controlling Worm Disease in Beef Cattle. The research was carried out in Paseh District, Sumedang Regency in January 2024. This research was carried out experimentally. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive random sampling. This research used bulls, aged around 1-1.5 years. This research uses a Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 10 penned bulls. Before the cow is given treatment in the form of giving the herbal medicine papaya seed flour (Pre-treatment), the cow's feces are taken to be identified and the number of worm eggs infecting the digestive tract is counted. The treatment given is in the form of administering herbal medicine from papaya seed flour (TBP) at a dose of 5g/head, for 3 consecutive days within a period of one week, then testing feces samples (post-treatment) to test the effectiveness of the herbal medicine in reducing levels of and the number of infecting worms. The test parameters in this study were the number of EPGs before and after administration of TBP and FECR until seven days after treatment ended. The research results showed that Papaya Seed Flour has the potential to be an alternative herbal worm medicine in suppressing the growth of digestive tract worms in cattle significantly (p<0.05) with an FECR value reaching 76.9%.

The effect of rhythmic exercise on balance performance in children with mental retardation

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of rhythmic exercise on improving static balance in children with mental retardation. The study employed a quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 12 children with mental retardation, aged 10-12 years, participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n=6) and the rhythmic exercise group (RE, n=6). The rhythmic exercise intervention was conducted with a duration of 20-30 minutes per session, at a light to moderate intensity, three times a week for four weeks. Static balance was measured using the Stork Balance Stand Test, conducted pre-exercise and post-exercise. Data analysis techniques included the paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average static balance in the CG and RE between pre-exercise and post-exercise (12.89±1.74 vs 13.16±2.05 seconds, p ≥ 0.05), and (13.24±1.39 vs 21.03±1.62 seconds, p ≤ 0.001). The findings indicate that the rhythmic exercise intervention conducted over four weeks was effective in improving static balance in children with mental retardation.

Affective, Psychomotoric, and Cognitive Changes in Young Women at Wachid Hasyim Tebuireng High School are BSE with Blended Learning by Health Education

Background: Breast cancer is a significant health concern among Indonesian women, emphasizing the need for effective prevention strategies. Purpose: This study investigates the effects of health education utilizing the Breast Self-Examination (BSE) method, augmented with blended learning, on the affective, psychomotor, and cognitive aspects of young women attending Wachid Hasyim Tebuireng High School. Method: Employing a Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group design, participants were divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group received health education utilizing the BSE technique combined with blended learning, while the control group did not undergo this intervention. Results: Results indicated substantial improvements in the affective, psychomotor, and cognitive domains among young women who received health education with blended learning. Positive attitudes towards BSE increased significantly, with average scores rising from 75.1 to 85.3 post-intervention. Similarly, psychomotor skills improved, evidenced by scores escalating from 72.4 to 84.5 after receiving education. Moreover, cognitive understanding saw a remarkable enhancement, with average scores soaring from 67.3 to 87.6 following the intervention. Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating blended learning with health education significantly enhances young women's psychomotor, affective, and cognitive responses to BSE. These findings underscore the efficacy of blended learning in augmenting the impact of health education, particularly in empowering young women with essential knowledge and skills for breast cancer prevention and early detection.

Marital Self-Disclosure Intervention for the Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Chinese Patients With Gastric Cancer: Protocol for a Quasiexperimental Study.

Patients with gastric cancer experience different degrees of fear of cancer recurrence. The fear of cancer recurrence can cause and worsen many physical and psychological problems. We considered the "intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation" model. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the level of fear of cancer recurrence and the dyadic coping ability among gastric cancer survivors and their spouses. This is a quasiexperimental study with a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The study will be conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 42 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and their spouses will be recruited from each hospital. Participants from Jingjiang People's Hospital will be assigned to an experimental group, while participants from Taizhou People's Hospital will be assigned to a control group. The participants in the experimental group will be involved in 4 phases of the marital self-disclosure (different topics, face-to-face) intervention. Patients will be evaluated at baseline after a diagnosis of gastric cancer and reassessed 2 to 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome is the score of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) for patients. The secondary outcomes are the scores of the FoP-Q-SF for partners and the Dyadic Coping Inventory. Research activities began in October 2022. Participant enrollment and data collection began in February 2023 and are expected to be completed in 12 months. The primary results of this study are anticipated to be announced in June 2024. This study aims to assess a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the fear of cancer recurrence in Chinese patients with gastric cancer and their spouses. The study is likely to yield desirable positive outcomes as marital self-disclosure is formulated based on evidence and inputs obtained through stakeholder interviews and expert consultation. The study process will be carried out by nurses who have received psychological training, and the quality of the intervention will be strictly controlled. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05606549; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05606549. DERR1-10.2196/55102.

Intelligibility of English Vocabulary for Young Learners in EFL Context: Digital Book Vs Printed Book on Listening and Pronunciation Skills

This study explores young learners’ intelligibility of English vocabulary for young learners in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context using Digital Books vs Printed Books which focus on listening and pronunciation skills. The intelligibility was measured from listening tests. The research is an experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Sixty-one out of 156 elementary level from grade 4th were taken randomly thirty students belonged to the control group while another thirty belonged to the experimental group. This study applied the Mann-Whitney Test. The result showed that young learners with digital books outperformed listening and pronunciation for young learners in the EFL context. In short, digital books with listening and pronunciation are very beneficial for young learners in acquiring EFL vocabulary.