Pretest-posttest Control Group Design Research Articles

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Nida Suksasat Islamic Priciple School

Learning outcomes are the most important part of the learning process. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Make A Match learning method on elementary school students' learning outcomes. This type of research is Quantitative research with True Experimental Design. The design used in this research was Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Sampling was carried out using random sampling technique. Data collected uses observation, tests and documentation, while research data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research results show that this learning model influences the learning outcomes of elementary school students. The application of the Cooperative Learning Model Make A Match is higher than the pretest average. The existence of game elements in the Make A Match learning model prevents students from getting bored and stiff in the learning process because students learn while playing. Game elements in this lesson include finding pairs of question cards and answer cards held. Thus, the make a match model is an important part of improving student learning outcomes and is a varied method of choice for teachers.

Penerapan Teori Behavioristik Classical Conditioning Oleh I.P Pavlov dalam Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted in response to a number of difficulties faced as well as the low level of interest in learning from grade 5 elementary school students in the context of science learning. This study focuses on the science learning ability of grade 5 students in elementary schools in response to the results of PISA 2018, Indonesian Education Report Card Data, and AKM Scores which show the low level of students' science literacy skills. Using the Nonequivalent Pretest Posttest Control Group design, experimental research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the application of Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory by I.P Pavlov in science learning. Class V students were divided into experimental and control groups with the Cluster Random Sampling Technique. The test method was used to collect science learning ability data, and the data analysis used the Polled Variance T test due to homogeneous data variance. The results showed a significant difference in science learning ability between the group that applied the Behavioristic Classical Conditioning Theory and the control group. The implications of this research provide a solid foundation for designing effective learning strategies in the future, focusing on curriculum development and learning approaches that can enhance students' understanding and interest in learning. As an effort to improve the quality of science learning in elementary schools, this research provides significant conceptual and applicative contributions.

Enhancing Critical Reasoning Character in Pancasila Students: A STEAM Approach by E-Module PRISMA

This study aimed to assess the Prisma e-module's impact on elementary school students' critical reasoning abilities. A pre-experimental Pretest Posttest Control Group Design was employed. Two groups—experimental and control—received different treatments. The experimental group used e-modules, while the control group relied on books. Pre- and post-treatment tests were conducted to evaluate the e-module's effect. An Independent Sample t-test was used to compare the two groups, with results showing a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. The N-Gain test measured improvements in various critical reasoning elements. The experimental group showed significant improvement, with the highest N-Gain of 0.74 in "obtaining and processing information and ideas" and the lowest of 0.71 in "reflecting and evaluating one's thoughts." The overall N-Gain was 0.72, classified as "high." These findings indicate that the Prisma e-module effectively enhanced critical reasoning in fifth-grade students. Future research is encouraged to explore other aspects of Pancasila students' character development

The Effect of a Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Approach Towards Primary Students' Understanding Concepts of Science Learning in Primary Schools

This research is based on the results of observations and interviews at SD Al-Hikmah Indonesia that the learning carried out is still limited due to time so that only the target of material completion is pursued, while the achievement of learning outcomes and students' understanding of concepts is still lacking. Learning is only student-centered. For this reason, there is a need for appropriate and effective methods in learning. Therefore, researchers tried to use a jigsaw type cooperative learning approach to overcome this problem. This research uses a pretest-posttest control group design, data collection techniques using test and non-test data. Test data was obtained from pre-test and post-test results, while non-test data was obtained from questionnaires. This research took as subjects students of class IV A and students of class IV B. In this research three meetings were held which included pre-test, learning and post-test. After applying this approach, the average gain for the experimental class was 0.49 and the control class was 0.25. The results of the research show that there is an increase in students' post-test results in learning using the jigsaw type cooperative learning approach. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of this approach on science learning on the subject of natural resources. The results of this research are recommended as a reference for further research, especially research that uses a jigsaw type cooperative learning approach in learning natural resources in order to improve students' understanding of concepts better in the future.

Pengaruh Senam Otak terhadap Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Provinsi Jambi

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of brain exercises on cognitive function in the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Social Home, Jambi Province. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design approach, pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted at the Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur Social Home, Jambi Province.The sampling method was purposive sampling of 22 people. 11 respondents in the control group and 11 respondents in the intervention group. Data measurement uses MMSE. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon Rank Test and the Man Whitney test. The research results showed that the age frequency distribution of respondents was mostly elderly, female, and had elementary school education. The cognitive function of the pretest intervention group was mostly mild and severe cognitive function. The pretest and posttest results showed a significant increase, so that there was an influence of brain exercise on cognitive function in the elderly, with a p value = 0.002 (< 0.05). There was a significant effect of increasing cognitive function before and after being given brain exercises at PSTW. It is hoped that PSTW can develop brain exercises to improve the cognitive function of the elderly.

The effects of the Quality Book Reading Early Intervention Program (NIKO) on Turkish fathers and their children with autism spectrum disorder

Parents who play a critical role in supporting their children’s development. NIKO is an early intervention program that families can use in Turkey. The primary purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a shared reading intervention titled the NIKO program on the interaction behaviors of fathers and their children’s pivotal behaviors and language skills. This study was carried out with 23 child-father dyads, 8 of whom were in the face-to-face experimental group, 8 online participants in the experimental group, and 7 in the control group, who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 0–6. Pretest-Posttest control group design was used in the study in which quantitative data collection method was used. The NIKO program training lasted about five weeks with an average of two training sessions per week. Statistical analysis revealed that the NIKO program was effective and that it had positive effects on both parents and their children with ASD. Specifically, the findings showed that parents in two different groups (face-to-face and online) exhibited more interactive and developmentally supportive behaviors after the intervention. The same effect continued one month after the end of the intervention.

Is AI-assisted assessment liable to evaluate young learners? Parents support, teacher support, immunity, and resilience are in focus in testing vocabulary learning

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted assessment on young L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge, immunity, and resilience, considering parental and teacher support roles. Sixty junior high school students in Afghanistan, aged 13 to 14, participated in the study. They were divided into an experimental group receiving AI-assisted assessment and a control group with traditional instruction. The research employed a pretest–posttest control group design, using teacher-made vocabulary tests validated for reliability and instruments measuring immunity and resilience. The findings revealed that AI-assisted assessment significantly improved vocabulary knowledge and emotional resilience compared to the control group. While parental support showed a positive trend toward vocabulary enhancement, teacher support did not significantly impact the outcomes. The study highlights the potential of AI in language education, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among educators, parents, materials developers, syllabus designers, and policymakers to maximize the benefits of AI tools. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced technologies into educational frameworks to support cognitive and emotional development in learners.

Effect of Warm Water Footbath Therapy on Fatigue Among Patients undergoing Hemodialysis

Chronic renal failure is a complex crippling condition influencing more than 70 million individuals around the world. Chronic Kidney disease has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. Hemodialysis is essential to prolong the life in patients with Stage 5 renal failure. Fatigue is the most common complication which is being faced by patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. There are many uses of complementary therapies like hydrotherapy to reduce fatigue and it is becoming a significant part of modern day health care with millions taking treatment each year. The present study was intended to assess the effect of warm water foot bath therapy on fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The main objectives of the study were to assess the level of fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis, evaluate the effect of warm water foot bath therapy on level of fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis, find out the association between level of fatigue and selected socio demographic variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis, find out the association between level of fatigue and clinical variables among patients undergoing hemodialysis. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was adopted. Samples were selected using purposive sampling and they consisted of 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 30 in experimental and 30 in control group from dialysis department of Ananthapuri hospitals and research institute, Thiruvananthapuram. A structured interview schedule was used to assess socio-demographic and clinical variables, Piper Fatigue Scale was used to assess the fatigue among patients undergoing hemoialyis. A pre-test was given to both experimental and control group using Piper Fatigue Scale. Followed by pre-test warm water foot bath therapy was given to experimental group for 3 consecutive dialysis. Post-test was done on 3rd day of intervention for both the groups using same tool. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the post-test score of fatigue between experimental and control group. There was a significant association between level of fatigue and physical activity, blood pressure, duration of renal failure (p<0.05). The study concluded that warm water foot bath therapy was effective in reducing fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Decreasing malondialdehyde levels and body mass index of type II diabetes mellitus with obesity using cowpea sprout (Vigna unguiculata) yogurt

Hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with obesity and increases the production of free radicals which is the beginning of the development of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of cowpea sprout yogurt (CowpeaS-Yo) on body mass index (BMI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obese patients. This study used a pretest-posttest control group design, with 20 women with T2DM with obesity, which was randomly divided into two groups of ten women in each group. Group I was given CowpeaS-Yo, while group II was given a placebo as a control, 200 mL/day, for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, the subject's weight and height were measured, and 1 mL of their blood sample was taken, to check their plasma MDA levels. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. After two months of intervention, BMI decreased significantly from 28.53±2.27 to 24.56±2.55 kg/m2 (P = 0.002) in the group receiving CowpeaS-Yo, as well as decreased plasma MDA levels from 7.49±0.72 to 6.24±0.59 nmol/mL (P = 0.015) compared to the control group. In conclusion, CowpeaS-Yo was able to control body weight and improve the antioxidant status of T2DM in obese patients.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Assemblr Edu terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas V

Problem-solving skills are essential competencies that need to be developed in elementary school students. The application of innovative learning models, such as Problem-Based Learning supported by interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu, can be an effective solution for enhancing these skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Assemblr Edu media on the problem-solving abilities of fifth-grade students. The research method used is an experimental method with a Pre-test Post-test Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The results of the study showed that the use of the PBL model supported by Assemblr Edu significantly improved students' problem-solving abilities compared to conventional learning methods. This can be seen from the significant difference in the N-Gain scores, with the experimental class reaching 0.7 (moderate category) and the control class only 0.2 (low category). These findings suggest that interactive technology media like Assemblr Edu can be an effective tool in enhancing students' critical and analytical thinking skills.

Dhikr Rateeb Siribee and its Effect in Reducing Anxiety Among the MPTT-I Aceh Congregation Members

The dissemination of information via social media has significantly impacted psychological issues such as stress, fear, and anxiety within society. This is exemplified by the MPTT-I congregation in Aceh, who frequently faces societal rejection regarding their dhikr practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dhikr in alleviating anxiety among members of the Indonesian Sufism Study (MPTT-I & Dhikr Rateb Seribe). This study uses a quantitative, quasi-experimental method with a nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. The study involved 20 subjects, evenly divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection used the Greenberger and Padesky anxiety scale. The results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety among the MPTT-I congregation following the implementation of the Dhikr. These findings suggest that dhikr is effective in reducing anxiety within the MPTT-I & Dhikr Rateb Seribe community.

Virtual Field Trips Borobudur Temple Assisted with Songs in Stimulating Writing Skills of Descriptive Texts

Writing skills are crucial to basic language skills. However, observations in the field indicate that students' descriptive text writing skills are still low, especially in the aspect of content or ideas. This limitation makes it difficult for students to develop ideas, so the text does not provide enough information and description of the object. With this problem, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the virtual media field trip to Borobudur Temple, assisted by songs, in stimulating descriptive text writing skills. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The research sample consisted of 52 students, with IV A as the experimental class and IV B as the control class, with each class totalling 26 students. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling with saturated sampling. In the experimental class, special treatment was given, a virtual field trip to Borobudur Temple with the help of songs. In contrast, the control class only used conventional media such as pictures. Research data was collected using test techniques pretest and posttest. Then, the data analysis techniques using independent sample t-test, with the results in Sig. (2-tailed) 0.00<0,05 showing a significant influence of the virtual field trip media at Borobudur Temple assisted by songs on descriptive text-writing skills. This learning media is effective for stimulating descriptive text writing skills because it can inspire students to develop ideas based on virtual field trips and increase vocabulary through song lyrics to be translated into descriptive text.

Perbedaan Perubahan Tekanan Darah Antara yang Diberikan Jus Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus Linn) dengan Jus Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Terhadap Penderita Hipertensi Primer di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ampenan

Hypertension is the leading cause of death in Indonesia and has a high risk of heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Management of hypertension includes lifestyle changes, diet, stress management and others. In addition, giving cucumber juice and papaya juice is also recommended as a nursing management to lower blood pressure because the content of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus can treat hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in blood pressure changes between those given cucumber juice (cucumis sativus linn) and papaya juice (carica papaya) for patients with primary hypertension in the Ampenan Health Center work area. The research method used was a Quasy Experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design with a quantitative approach in the cucumber juice group and the papaya juice group with a control group without treatment. Random sampling technique was used to obtain 30 respondents divided into 3 groups. The results of the study showed that the results of the dependent t test showed a p value = <0.05 so that there was a difference in blood pressure reduction between those given cucumber juice and those given papaya juice in patients with hypertension.

Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Addie Berbantuan Media Miniatur Bangun Datar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas II pada Mi Negeri 3 Banyumas

The development of science and technology that is not balanced with facilities, infrastructure and teacher skills in teaching in schools has caused a decline in mathematics learning achievement of grade II students from year to year. Although this problem has been improved, it has not been resolved. So another solution was made by using the ADDIE model assisted by miniature flat shape media. The problem is, is there a difference in learning achievement using the ADDIE model assisted by miniature flat shape media with learning achievement using the conventional model? The research design was a pretest-posttest control group design. The instruments used were achievement tests and student learning activity observation sheets. The data analysis technique in this study used an initial analysis using a normality test and a test of equality of two means and a final analysis using a normality test and a t-test. The result was that the initial analysis of the two samples was normal and the average was the same. While the final analysis of the two normal samples and the t-test stated that t count = 4.036> t table = 2.025 so that there was a difference in the average mathematics learning achievement of those who received instruction using the ADDIE model assisted by miniature flat shape media with those who used the conventional model.

The effect of ideal body mass index and physical fitness level on dysmenorrhea reduction

Many women experience dysmenorrhea, which affects their daily activities due to physical and psychological symptoms. This study aims to analyze the impact of an ideal body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness level on reducing dysmenorrhea. An experimental research approach with a control group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study involved 92 female students, with a final sample of 80 divided into high and low-fitness groups. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring they had an ideal BMI, regular menstrual cycles, and experienced dysmenorrhea. Data collection included questionnaires on demographics, BMI, menstrual characteristics, pain intensity, pain quality, and a 2.400 m Cooper physical fitness test. The results revealed that participants with an ideal BMI and high physical fitness showed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea, with an average decrease of 35,95 and a standard deviation of 4,681. Those with an ideal BMI but low physical fitness also experienced a reduction, with an average decrease of 31,4 and a standard deviation of 1,827. The study concludes that ideal BMI and physical fitness significantly influence the reduction of dysmenorrhea, with a more pronounced effect in those with higher physical fitness levels. Factors such as BMI, diet, and exercise routine are critical in managing dysmenorrhea. Keywords: body mass index, physical fitness, dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, women’s health

Penerapan Metode Mind Mapping Menggunakan Aplikasi Draw.Io Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep pada Mata Pelajaran Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi di MA Negeri 1 Kuningan

This study aims to determine students' understanding of concepts by using the Mind Mapping method using Draw.io application in the subject of Information and Communication Technology at MA Negeri 1 Kuningan. The method used used a quantitative approach with the type of quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample used in this study was divided into 2 classes (experimental and control) with a total of 62 students. The data collection technique used is using tests/questions and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used were validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, hypothesis tests (t tests). This study aims to determine students' understanding of concepts by using the Mind Mapping method using Draw.io application in the subject of Information and Communication Technology at MA Negeri 1 Kuningan. The method used used a quantitative approach with the type of quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample used in this study was divided into 2 classes (experimental and control) with a total of 62 students. The data collection technique used is using tests/questions and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used were validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, hypothesis tests (t tests). The results of this study show that the results of the application of the mind mapping method using the application draw.io there is a significant difference, as evidenced by the results of the research, students are able to understand the material presented. There was an increase in student understanding as seen from the average of the previous year

Effects of Game-Based Mathematics Learning on Students’ Academic Achievement

In the evolving landscape of education, creative ways to improve student engagement and academic performance are being investigated more and more. Because traditional teaching approaches frequently fail to hold students' attention, educators are forced to look for substitutes that can create a more dynamic and engaged learning environment. Amidst this change, there has been an increase in interest in methods that enhance academic performance while also making learning fun. This study looks into the effects of game-based learning on the academic achievement of Grade 8 students in Mathematics at the University of La Salette High School. Employing a Quasi-experimental design, specifically the pretest-posttest control group design was adopted using two intact groups. A total of 79 students, divided into control (38 students) and experimental (41 students) groups, participated in the study. The control group received instruction through traditional teaching methods such as board works, seat works, assignments and weekly quiz, while the experimental group engaged in various teacher-made, non-digital mathematical games such as games such as Probability Trio: A Three-Game Challenge, Case Quest: The Million Peso Challenge derived from deal or no deal gameshow, Card Category Conundrum, a card game activity and more activities. The main instrument used in this research is a 50-item researcher-made Mathematics Achievement Test. The test underwent a series of steps of validation and the reliability coefficient was also determined (KR-20 = 0.9141). Statistical analysis included paired samples t-tests, independent t-tests, and Cohen’s D to determine significant differences in mean scores and the effect size of the game-based strategy. Results indicated that both groups showed progress from their pretest to posttest scores; however, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher average gain of 7.1 compared to the control group's gain of 3. This suggests that game-based learning positively impacts students' mathematical achievement. Pretest scores were comparable between groups, but posttest results revealed a substantial difference favoring the experimental group. The findings highlight the effectiveness of game-based learning in improving academic achievement, with a large effect size indicated by Cohen's D. In light of these findings, the study recommends that mathematics educators integrate game-based activities into their instruction to enhance student performance and confidence in Mathematics. Continuous updating of activities, curriculum development that incorporates game-based learning, and professional development for educators are also advised. Engaging parents in supporting game-based learning at home and conducting further research with larger sample sizes to explore digital game effects are suggested for future studies.

Enhancing mathematical problem-solving ability through project-based learning: A study of vocational high school student

This study aims to improve the mathematical problem-solving ability of students at Vocational High School (VHS) through implementing Project Based Learning (PjBL). The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a matching-only pretest-posttest control group design, with a sample of 64 students divided into two classes, namely experimental and control classes, each consisting of 32 students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where the sample was selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data were collected using tests of mathematical problem-solving ability administered before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the treatment. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test and a two-way ANOVA test with univariate general linear model (GLM) analysis. The results showed a difference between the experimental and control groups before the treatment. However, after the treatment, the experimental group had higher mathematical problem-solving ability than the control group, including the improvement and interaction between PjBL implementation and the Early Mathematics Skills (EMS) category.

Perbedaan Efektivitas Cat Stretch Exercise dengan Pijat Lumbal terhadap Penurunan Dismenore Primer di SMA Negeri 3 Tuban

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is generally experienced by young women which is not accompanied by physical disorders or pathology in the reproductive organs. This condition often interferes with daily activities, including academic performance and psychological well-being. Many non-pharmacological approaches are used to reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain, such as massage and physical exercise. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Cat Stretch Exercise and lumbar massage in reducing the pain intensity of primary dysmenorrhea at SMA Negeri 3 Tuban. The research design uses True Experimental with the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design method. A total of 32 female students who experienced primary dysmenorrhea were selected as samples using a purposive sampling technique, divided into two groups: one group was given Cat Stretch Exercise therapy and the other group was given lumbar massage. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after treatment. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in pain in both groups, but the Cat Stretch Exercise was more effective in reducing pain intensity compared to lumbar massage. The p-value obtained was 0.005, which shows a significant difference between the two groups.

THE INFLUENCE OF A GENERATIVE LEARNING MODEL BASED ON WAVE MATERIAL COGNITIVE CONFLICT ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES AT SMAN 5 PAYAKUMBUH

Student learning outcomes in Physics subjects, especially in Wave material, are still low. This is caused by the learning model used in the Wave material not being being the process standards and characteristics of wave learning objectives. A generative learning model based on cognitive conflict is one approach to solving the aforementioned issue. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how student learning outcomes at SMAN 5 Payakumbuh are affected by the use of a generative learning model based on cognitive conflict in Wave content. The type of research is quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The participants in this study were all SMAN 5 Payakumbuh science class XI students. The information gathered reflects the attitudes, knowledge, and abilities of the pupils toward learning. Two averages are tested for equality as a data analysis technique. The study's findings demonstrate the notable distinctions between classrooms that employ the Problem-Based Learning model and those that employ the Generative learning model based on cognitive conflict. The average student learning outcome in classes that apply the Generative learning model is 83.14 and in classes that apply the Problem-Based Learning model is 77.26. The influence of the generative learning model based on cognitive conflict can be seen in the learning outcomes of students who have been analyzed and hypothesis tested. Based on the hypothesis test, the ttable is 2.006 and the tcount is 2.1. The condition for H0 to be rejected is if ttable < tcount. The tcount value is within the rejection of H0, so HI is accepted. Because all variables are controlled, except the learning model, it can be said that the application of the Generative learning model based on cognitive conflict in Wave material has a positive effect on student learning outcomes.