Mean Score Of Pre-test Research Articles

Enhancing Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Modern Temporary Family Planning Methods: A Nurse-Led Intervention Study among Reproductive-Age Women

ABSTRACT Background: Limited knowledge and negative attitudes toward modern temporary family planning methods remain significant barriers to reproductive health. Nurse-led interventions play a crucial role in improving awareness and acceptance of these methods among reproductive-age women. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led intervention in enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward modern temporary family planning methods among reproductive-age women in Choolai, Chennai. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed, involving 120 participants divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected using structured questionnaires. The intervention included educational sessions led by nurses focusing on various temporary family planning methods. Statistical analyses, including paired Student’s t-tests, were conducted to assess improvements in knowledge and attitudes. Results: The intervention led to a substantial increase in adequate knowledge (from 16.67% to 75%) and positive attitudes (from 25% to 70%) in the experimental group, while minimal changes were observed in the control group. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 8.23 (SD = 2.56), which significantly increased to 15.15 (SD = 0.95) post-intervention (t = 31.30, P = 0.001). Similarly, the mean pre-test attitude score improved from 45.83 (SD = 5.83) to 79.48 (SD = 3.32) post-intervention (t = 35.46, P = 0.001). A statistically significant association was observed between demographic factors such as age, husbands’ age, education level (graduated women), and regular menstrual cycles with post-test knowledge and attitude levels. Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in improving reproductive health education. Integrating such educational programs into community healthcare services can significantly enhance family planning awareness and acceptance, ultimately contributing to better reproductive health outcomes.

The Effect of Preclinical Empowerment Education in Pediatric Nursing on Clinical Comfort, Competency of the Course, and Self-Confidence and Anxiety in Clinical Decision-Making

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-clinical structured empowerment education of intern nursing students on self-confidence and anxiety in clinical decision-making, pediatric clinical comfort and perceived anxiety, and perceived pediatric nursing competency. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 64 nursing students (experimental group = 32; comparison group = 32) participated in the study. Before the clinical practice, a program that consisted of six scenarios, whose learning goals were structured, and in which pediatric skills were supported, was applied to the intern students in the experimental group for two days. The data were collected using a Student Descriptive Information Form, the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making Scale, the Pediatric Nursing Competency Scale, and the Pediatric Nursing Student Clinical Comfort and Worry Assessment Tool, which were applied as a pretest and posttest. The mean pre-test and post-test scores of both groups were compared. Results: There was a difference in favor of the intervention group in the worry sub-dimension of the Pediatric Nursing Student Clinical Comfort and Worry Assessment Tool (p0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the Pediatric Nursing Competency Scale in favor of the intervention group (p

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Castor Oil Massage and Hot Water Application on Knee Joint Pain among Elderly Patients who are Attending the Orthopedic Department at HSK Hospital Bagalkot

Background of the Study: Joint Pain is a chronic, progressive process in which new tissue is produced in response to joint insults and cartilage deterioration. The most prevalent articular disease in adults can seen before 65 years of age and older. Osteoarthritis occurs more commonly in women than in men. It accounts for substantial disability as a result of its effect on the large weight bearing joints and the spine. There are various treatment and intervention are available to reduce joint pain such as hot application and castor oil application, active and passive etc. Aim: The aim of study was to assess the effectiveness of castor oil massage and hot water application on knee joint pain among elderly patients. Methodology: The present study is true experimental pre-test post-test control group design. The sampling technique adopted for this study is non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data divided into 2 groups of 60 elderly knee joint patients through simple random lottery method from HSK Hospital Bagalkot. The samples selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique and divided into two groups, 30 Elderly patients to experimental group and 30 elderly patients to control group. Data analysis done by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired‘t’ test and chi square test. Results: Findings related to significance of difference between the experimental and control group mean pre-test and pain scores and standard deviation was [7.2±1.7100] and control group having [4.4±1.248] before giving the intervention and experimental group [3.666±0.922], control group [4.06667±1.201] after giving the intervention. The effectiveness was statistically tested by using paired‘t’ test which revealed that t value =15.37 and the result was found to be significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: The study proved that administration of Castor oil massage and Hot water application intervention on red

Innovative epilepsy management: a combined figure of EEG categorization and medication mechanisms

IntroductionEpilepsy management requires precision in diagnosis and treatment, particularly when selecting antiseizure medications based on specific epilepsy syndromes. We present an innovative educational tool that integrates EEG categorization with antiseizure medication mechanisms, designed to enhance clinical decision-making in epilepsy management.MethodsThis study evaluated a cohort of neurology trainees through a pre-test and post-test design. Participants were assessed on their ability to diagnose epilepsy syndromes and select appropriate treatments based on EEG findings before and after exposure to the teaching figure. The figure aligns key EEG patterns with specific epilepsy syndromes and outlines the corresponding mechanisms of action of antiseizure medications.ResultsPost-test results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in trainees’ ability to analyze clinical cases and make informed treatment decisions (mean pre-test score: 52.8; post-test score: 66.5; p = 0.0019). The figure facilitated a deeper understanding of the relationship between EEG findings and medication selection, particularly in complex cases.DiscussionThe integration of EEG patterns with antiseizure medication mechanisms allows for more precise epilepsy syndrome diagnosis and enhances the selection of rational polypharmacy approaches. This approach not only improves educational outcomes but also offers potential applications in clinical practice for personalized epilepsy treatment strategies.ConclusionThis innovative figure bridges the gap between EEG categorization and treatment strategies, providing a valuable tool for improving epilepsy management education and clinical outcomes.Plain language summaryThis manuscript introduces a teaching tool that helps providers better understand how brainwave patterns (EEGs) relate to epilepsy types and guides them in choosing the most effective seizure medications.

The Influence of Pro Evolution Soccer Game-Based Learning on Understanding Football Rules among Tenth Grade Students

The purpose of the study. This study investigates the impact of Pro Evolution Soccer on tenth-grade students' comprehension of football regulations at SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan. Materials and methods. The employed research methodology is experimental, utilizing a pretest-posttest framework devoid of a control group. The participant cohort includes 36 students, consisting of 17 males and 19 females. Data collection involved assessments of football rule comprehension pre- and post-intervention, facilitated by the Pro Evolution Soccer game. Results. Data analysis indicates a substantial effect on comprehension of football rules following the educational intervention utilizing the Pro Evolution Soccer game. This is supported by paired t-test findings, demonstrating that the posttest mean score (74.792) notably exceeds the pretest mean score (60.347), yielding an average difference of 14.4444 and a significance level (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The study concludes that Pro Evolution Soccer effectively enhances students' comprehension of football rules. Incorporating video clips into the learning approach further enriches students' understanding. The research advocates for the broader implementation of such innovative educational methods in physical education and sports to enhance learning quality and student motivation.

Effectiveness of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training among Youth: A Pre and Post Intervention Study

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is one of important First Aid. It can be defined as the immediate treatment necessary for the purpose of preserving life and minimizing the cardiac arrest until expert medical assistance can be arrived. It also includes the initial treatment of cardiac arrest which will not need treatment by a medical practitioner. CPR is essential mainly to save life by prompt and initial action; preventing the brain death from becoming worse and helping recovery through reassurance and protection from further danger. Aim of the study is to evaluate the existing knowledge among youth regarding cardiac CPR techniques. Thestudy conducted by using the quantitative research approach andquasi experimental one group pre and post test design to assess the level of knowledge on CPRamong youth. The collected data was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferentialstatistics based on the objectives of the study.Regarding pretest scores of 300 respondents 238(79.3%) had poor knowledge, 61(20.3%) had average knowledge, 1(4%) had good knowledge. Regarding post test scores of 300 respondents 30(10%) had average knowledge, 270(90%) had good knowledge. The Pre test Mean Score was observed as 1.21 were as Post test Mean Score is 2.90. The Pre test Standard deviation was observed as 0.416 were as Post test Standard deviation is 0.301 Up on applying the Paired sample t-test the T-value -56.530 was observed that to be significant at P<000 level

Experience on Training among the Participants of Teaching Methodology and Assessment

Background: Recent development in medical education have created increasing challenges for medical teachers. Teachers are not born, they are made. Some special initiatives can make one able to be a good teacher. Teaching is not an inborn quality. A professional training is needed to be a teacher. In Bangladesh medical professionals become teachers without any sorts of formal training of teaching methodology and assessment. A Medical Degree is not the only qualification of a medical teacher. Our medical professional become teacher without any sort of formal training of “Teaching Methodology and Assessment”. To improve the quality of medical education in Bangladesh, training on teaching methodology and assessment for medical teachers is essential. This study was done to describe experience on training by trainers on teaching methodology and assessment. Materials and methods: This Experiental study (Before and after trial study) was conducted in the teachers of various Department of Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chattogram (CMOSHMC) from July 2022 to December 2022. Sample size: 63 (24 Male, 39 Female) Results: 63 Participants were grouped into 3 groups ,21 participants were in each group. Each group participated in workshop for 4 days.They are trained with 12 modules supplied by CME. Pre-test and Post-test were conducted. Test results were analyzed for any significant difference. Among the First batch the mean score of pretest was 8.8+/- 1.7 and post-test was 11.6+/- 2.96, which was statistically significant. Second batch-the mean score of pre-test was 7.23 +/- 2.46 and post-test was11.55+/- 2.63, which was statistically significant. Third batch- the mean score of pre-test was 7.66+/- 2.17 and post-test was11.31+/- 2.62, which was also statistically significant. Conclusion: Training on teaching methodology and assessment is essential for medical professional development. So it should be continued periodically. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.23 (1); January 2024; Page 95-98

Evidence-Based Teaching Strategies for Assessing Pressure Injuries in Older Nursing Home Residents With Darker Skin Tones.

To describe the development and implementation of evidence-based teaching strategies for assessing and classifying pressure injuries in older nursing home individuals ≥ 60 years old with darker skin tones. Pressure injury assessment learning interventions based on pre- and post-test assessments. The learning interventions were developed by experts in pressure injury education and were based on empirical evidence, international clinical practice guidelines, and underpinned by social constructivism theory and the integrated interactive teaching model. The teaching strategy was developed to educate research assistants in the assessment of pressure injuries in darker skin tone individuals. The content included requisite knowledge and skills for pressure injury assessment and classification in darker skinned individuals. Using evidence-based teaching strategies, the content was delivered through face-to-face lectures, small group discussions, and practical application sessions delivered using classroom and practical-based activities. Photographic images were used to assess their knowledge and skills in classifying pressure injuries. Four Bachelor of Nursing-qualified registered nurses in Sri Lanka were recruited as research assistants using the new education resource. Using scores from 1 to 20 points, mastery of the theory and practice components was assessed. The mean pre-test score was 9 ± 1.6 (95% confidence interval 6.4-11.6), demonstrating that assessment and classification of pressure injury knowledge were lacking. The mean post-test score was 16 ± 0.8 (95% confidence interval 14.7-17.3) indicating an improvement in the participants' ability to assess and staging pressure injuries. Early pressure injury detection among older individuals with darker skin tones is challenging. This evidence-based teaching approach can be used to educate clinical nurses and research assistants in assessing pressure injuries in individuals with darker skin tones. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by improving the early detection and accurate classification of pressure injuries in older nursing home residents with darker skin tones, addressing a significant gap in current nursing practice.

برنامج إرشادي قائم على النظرية السلوكية لخفض مستوى السلوك العدواني لدى أطفال الروضة

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a counseling program based on behavioral theory in reducing aggressive behavior among preschool children. To achieve this, a quasi-experimental approach was employed. The study sample consisted of 30 children from kindergarten 36, affiliated with Primary School 213 in Jeddah. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: 15 children in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The Aggressive Behavior Scale for Children, developed by Eman Maher Abdel Fattah (2023), was applied. Using standard statistical methods, the study revealed significant findings, most notably the effectiveness of the counseling program in reducing aggressive behavior. Statistically significant differences were observed at the level of 0.05 between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the experimental group, favoring the post-test. Additionally, statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 were found between the post-test mean scores of the experimental and control groups, favoring the experimental group.Based on these findings, it was recommended to conduct training workshops for teachers on utilizing behavioral theory principles to manage aggressive behavior. Furthermore, it was suggested to implement the program regularly and expand its application to various geographical areas and cultural contexts to ensure sustainable positive outcomes. The study also recommended the development of similar programs targeting other behaviors to promote positive behavior among preschool children, particularly after integrating them with early childhood stages.

Virtual Neonatal Resuscitation Curriculum for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to Improve Out-of-Hospital Newborn Care

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES Out-of-hospital births are associated with a 2-to 11-fold increased risk of death compared to in-hospital births and are growing. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians have limited exposure to hospital birth emergencies, and there is no standardized prehospital neonatal resuscitation curriculum. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines are the standard of care for infants born in the United States but focuses on in-hospital births and is not easily applied to EMS. There is a need for tailored NRP training to meet EMS clinicians’ specific needs, context, and systems. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of a virtual EMS-tailored, newborn resuscitation curriculum focused on initial steps of newborn resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. The initial content (90-minute) was pilot tested virtually among 350 urban EMS clinicians, with favorable feedback (89% survey response rate). Based on feedback, we created a 60-minute interactive, virtual curriculum that includes NRP-based didactic and memory aids to reinforce how NRP differs from pediatric resuscitation designed specifically for EMS. The course also includes video demonstrations with pauses for hands-on self-directed skills practice. We delivered the curriculum to clinicians from 17 EMS agencies in rural Oregon. To assess neonatal resuscitation knowledge acquisition and retention, participants completed the same 10-question test before, after, and 3 months following the training. Questions were adapted from the 8th Edition NRP Textbook and NRP test questions. RESULTS Eighty-four EMS clinicians completed the pre-test, curriculum, and post-test and demonstrated improvement in immediate post-curriculum NRP knowledge (pre-test mean score 5.32 ± 1.99; post-test mean score 8.61 ± 1.26; p < 0.001). Forty participants completed the 3-month follow up test and scores remained improved from baseline (3 month-follow up mean score 6.88 ± 1.83, p < 0.001). Prehospital clinicians (N = 84) thought that this EMS-tailored NRP curriculum was easy to complete (100%), valuable to their clinical practice (99%), and filled a gap in their education (98%). They felt that implementing/requiring this training is possible/doable (99%) and recommend the curriculum to other EMS agencies (99%). CONCLUSIONS A virtual EMS-tailored, NRP-based educational curriculum improved neonatal resuscitation knowledge immediately and was sustained at 3 months compared to baseline. The curriculum is feasible and acceptable to EMS clinicians.

Quality of Life among Patients with Myocardial Infarction Admitted in Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode. Tamilnadu

Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as "heart attack," is caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium. To determine the effectiveness of transitional care model on quality of life among patients with myocardial infarction. Pre- experimental design, where one group pretest and post-test design were used for this study. The study was conducted in Government headquarters hospital, Erode. 15 patients with myocardial infarction who are fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted with health education on transitional care model on quality of life once a day for 7 days. WHO QOL tool was used to assess the quality of life. Pretest mean score was (52.40±8.89), which is 70% where as in post-test mean score was (45.93±5.91) which is 61%, showing the difference of 9 the paired ‘t’ value was 2.59, when compared to table values (0.05) it was high. Significant association was found between transitional care model on quality of life and history of smoking. The nursing intervention was highly effective on transitional care model on quality of life among patients with myocardial infarction.

Evaluating the impact of tai chi therapy on stress reduction among older adults

This study investigates the effectiveness of Tai Chi therapy in reducing stress among older adults in selected community areas of Mehsana District. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was used with 60 participants aged 60-80, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group practiced Tai Chi therapy under supervision for 14 days, while the control group received no intervention. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) before and after the intervention. Results showed a significant reduction in stress in the experimental group, with the mean pre-test score of 27.2 dropping to 10.1 post-intervention. In contrast, the control group showed no significant change. The t-test results confirmed Tai Chi’s effectiveness in reducing stress (t = 10.43, p &lt; 0.05) for the experimental group, with no significant association between stress reduction and demographic variables. These findings support Tai Chi as a beneficial intervention for managing stress among older adults.

Pengaruh Senam Ergonomi Dalam Mencegah Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) pada Ibu Rumah Tangga RT 11 Kelurahan Bagan Pete

Safety at home is an important aspect that needs to be considered to protect yourself and your family. Although often considered less risky than formal workplaces, homes also have potential hazards that can threaten safety and health. Around 1.71 billion people worldwide experience musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be applied for MSDs is ergonomic exercise. However, the low understanding and awareness of housewives about ergonomic hazards due to daily activities is a problem. Many mothers carry out housework without adequate knowledge of ergonomic principles, thus increasing the risk of MSDs. Therefore, it is important to increase public awareness of the benefits of ergonomic exercises, which can help maintain health and minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders during activities at home. This study aims to analyze the effect of ergonomic exercises in preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in housewives in RT 11 Bagan Pete Village. Results showed an increase in knowledge of ergonomic work hazards, with a probability value of p &lt; 0.001, which indicates significance below 0.05. The mean pre-test score of participants was 10.13 (SD 5.476), while the mean post-test score increased to 18 (SD 1.259). In addition, the change in musculoskeletal complaints after stretching was also significant, with a p-value of 0.002. This shows that stretching has a positive impact in reducing musculoskeletal complaints among housewives. In conclusion, the ergonomic exercise service program not only increases knowledge and skills regarding good posture, but also provides more energy and reduces muscle pain. This activity succeeded in raising awareness of the importance of ergonomics in daily activities, which is expected to reduce the risk of injury due to household chores.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA JAWA BERBASIS SCRABBLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS SISWA KELAS IV SDN NGEBELGEDE 1

Learning to write Javanese texts has not been promoted because there are obstacles starting from the lack of different learning methods and media, which makes it difficult for students to write scripts and sandhangan because the style and pronunciation are the same. The purpose of the research to develop a skillful, efficient and effective Scrabble-based Javanese written language learning to facilitate the learning of the Javanese language, text writing and improve writing skills in students of the fourth grade at SDN Ngebelgede I. This development uses the 4-D (four-D) model. it has 4 stages namely Definition, Design, Development and Dissemination. Data collection methods use observations, interviews, questionnaires, tests and documents. The data analysis method makes use of qualitative analysis in the form of advice and input from experts, as well as quantitative analysis obtained from statistical analysis in the form of questionnaires and tests. The result of the emphasis on the material in the media received an average value of 4.8 with a very strong component. The media confirmation result is the result of an average of 4.5 real parts. The results of the teacher's answers reached an average of 4.8 points in the specific skill category. The results of the students' answers to the short test received a score of 4.12 in the functional category and the results of the field test received a score of 4.33 in the category of specific skills. Scrabble-based learning media for writing the Javanese script is also effective in improving writing skills according to the student's academic average. There is a difference shown by the mean value of the last paired sample T-test producing Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 &lt; 0.05 with a mean pretest score of 47.27 and a mean posttest score of 82.27, an increase of 35.00. It can be concluded that Scrabble-based javanese script learning media is effective in improving Javanese script writing skills.

The Effect of Interactive Multimedia Wordwall on Students’ Vocabulary Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Huruna

Vocabulary learning is an essential component in mastering reading skills, which directly impacts students' ability to communicate effectively in both oral and written forms. However, many students at SMA Negeri 1 Huruna experience difficulties and lack motivation in the vocabulary learning process. This study to explore and examine the effectiveness of using interactive multimedia based on the Wordwall application in improving students' vocabulary learning outcomes. The research employs a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The subjects of the study consist of students at SMA Negeri 1 Huruna, the population were all tenth-grade students which 60 students, divided into two groups as a sample: an experimental group that uses the Wordwall application as 30 students and a control group that apply conventional teaching methods as 30 students. The results of the analysis indicate a significant increase in the vocabulary learning outcomes of students taught using the Wordwall application compared to those in the control group. The mean pre-test score for the experimental group was 35.50, while the post-test mean increased to 89.13. In contrast, the control group showed a smaller increase, with a pre-test mean of 33.53 and a post-test average of 74. These findings demonstrate that the Wordwall application not only makes learning more engaging but also enhances students' understanding of the vocabulary taught. Students involved in Wordwall-based learning exhibited higher enthusiasm and were able to participate actively in class activities. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for educators regarding the importance of technology integration in teaching and encourage the development of more innovative and responsive teaching methods that meet students' needs.

The Effect Of Action Learning Strategy In Improving Students’ Speaking Skill At Mts Nw Husnul Abror Graders

English. Students still difficult to pronounce a word or sentences, confused and lack self confident to speak out because they were worried about the mistakes. This is caused by the lack of vocabulary and other factors. To solve this problem the researcher did the research by action learning strategy in teaching speaking. The Objective of this research was to get empirical evidence about The Effect of Action Learning Strategy on Students‟ Speaking Ability. This research used pre- experimental method. This research had been conducted at MTs NW Husnul Abror. The Population of this research was the eighth-grade students which consisted of 32 students. In taking the sample, the present researcher used simple random sampling technique. The class taken was VIII. To collect the data, pre test and post test were given to the 32 students. It aimed at determined the mean score, standard deviation, normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. Based on the data analysis, the present researcher found that the mean score of pre test was 55.25 and post test was 79.47. It indicated that in hypothesis testing, T test &lt; α = 0.05 (0.000 &lt; 0.05). It meant that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected. It can be concluded that action learning strategy was significantly effective in improving students’ speaking skill at the eighth grader of MTs NW Husnul Abror

Evaluation Of Biology Teachers' Knowledge in Sidoarjo Regarding the Concept of Poliovirus and Wolbachia Infected Mosquitoes

Biology is a dynamic and constantly developing science. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported nine cases of childhood polio in East Java in January 2024. In addition, the Ministry of Health launched a pilot project to implement Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes as an innovation to control dengue fever in five big cities in Indonesia. This health problem is studied in biology lessons on viruses in senior high school. This paper aims to analyze the knowledge of the concepts of polioviruses and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in the biology teacher community in Sidoarjo. The respondents were 43 biology teachers in Sidoarjo. Respondents' prior knowledge was measured by pretest. After the respondent takes the pretest, the respondent gets the concept of the virus. After the material, respondents do a post-test. 11 pretest questions and 11 post-test questions are packaged in Google form. The results showed that all participants participated in the activity from start to finish, taking the pretest, listening to the material, and doing the post-test. The pretest mean score was 40.18, and the post-test mean score was 91.36. The highest pretest score was 81.81. The highest pretest score was 100. A total of 15 teachers (34.88%) were unsure that Wolbachia-infected mosquito was the best solution to reduce disease. Twenty-one respondents (48.83%) agreed mainly with society's concern that the Wolbachia-infected mosquito is dangerous for humans. Respondents' knowledge increased after receiving the concept of the virus

EFFECT OF MULTIMODAL LITERACY ON READING ABILITY OF INDONESIAN JAVANESE LEARNERS

Over the past few years, the use of multimodal literacy in education has emerged as an effective educational tool in language instruction worldwide. As a result, language instruction methods have been replaced by conventional instruction with multimodal literacy, which has the potential to enhance learners’ engagement and comprehension of reading, particularly Javanese script. This quasi-experimental study aims to determine the effect of using multimodal literacy on reading ability of Javanese script learners and to find out Javanese learners’ attitudes of using multimodal literacy on their reading ability. The sample included 72 language learners at a senior high school in central Java, Indonesia. The pretest and posttest mean scores in Javanese script reading ability between the control group and the experimental group were analysed. The results indicate that the use of multimodal literacy as an approach effectively enhances the ability and fluency of Javanese script reading in underperforming learners. Additionally, learners reported positive attitudes towards multimodal literacy. This study suggests that multimodal literacy may be integrated into the Javanese language curriculum as it is more relevant to students’ learning preferences, and it is more responsive to diverse learning modes.

Capacity building in obstetric ultrasound: Impact of simulation based clinical teaching on resident training at a health facility in India.

Current postgraduate curriculum in India lacks practical training in ultrasound for residents in obstetrics and gynecology. The objective of this study was to develop and assess impact of a capacity building program utilizing clinical teaching and simulation to enhance knowledge and skills of residents at a healthcare facility in India. A training program comprising of 14 modules on basic obstetric ultrasounds was created over 3 months. These modules, validated by fetal medicine experts, underwent a pilot study for face validity. A total of 18 newly enrolled junior residents without prior ultrasound experience were recruited. A two-day workshop included interactive module sessions and 6 h and 30 min of hands-on training using an obstetric simulator. Pre- and post-tests consisting of 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) assessed knowledge. Follow-up assessments were carried out at 1 and 3 months. Skill assessment at the third month was conducted using an objective structured practical examination (OSPE), alongside image submission by residents. There was significant improvement in marks over time, with a mean pretest score of 24 ± 2.7 out of 50 marks, post-test score of 36.81 ± 2.86 and stable scores (34.6 ± 3.21, 34.4 ± 2.96) during follow-up reviews. OSPE scores at third month averaged at 21.47 ± 2.3 (maximum marks 30); image assessment scores averaged at 83 ± 8.62 (maximum marks 100). Participant feedback indicated a positive response to all program aspects (practicality, content and structured training). Confidence levels in performing clinical ultrasound improved significantly after attending the module (P < 0.0001). Simulation with clinical teaching effectively enhanced knowledge and skills of residents, fostering confidence in performing basic obstetric ultrasounds early on in their residency. Integrating similar capacity building initiatives into residency training programs can improve healthcare delivery by ensuring a well prepared cadre of doctors skilled in obstetric ultrasounds.

MATH DRILL TO IMPROVE THE COMPUTATIONAL FLUENCY OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS NUMBERS

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the Olympic Integer intervention on the computational fluency of students in adding and subtracting integers. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores of the students. A pre-experimental research design was utilized to measure the effect of the intervention. Data were gather from 30 Grade 9 students at Doña Carmen Soriano National High School, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was done through pretest and post-test administration. Findings revealed a substantial difference in the scores before and after the intervention. The mean pretest score was 9.90 (Moderate), while the mean post-test score was 17.70 (Very High). The paired t-test results indicated a significant improvement in students' scores from the pretest to the post-test, with t (29) = -15.144, p &lt; .001. This substantial difference suggests a strong effect of the intervention on students' ability to add and subtract integers, indicating a highly significant and positive impact on their computational fluency. KEYWORDS: Intervention, Computational Fluency, Olympic Integers, Pre-experimental Design, Integer Operation, Philippines