Pre-post Test Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education about Stunting Using Video Media on The Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers of Toddlers

Stunting is still a global health emergency, threatening children's health and productivity in the future. Stunting in children begins in the family environment. Mothers contribute fully to optimal child growth and development. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nutrition education about stunting using video media on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers under five. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test approach with a control group design was conducted in February – April 2023 at the Teluk Lingga Sangatta Health Center, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. A total of 36 samples were involved in this study by purposive sampling by taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. There were differences in knowledge before and after being given nutrition education videos with a value of p-0.000 and differences in attitudes before and after being given nutrition education videos with a value of p-0.000. There are differences in knowledge before and after nutrition education with leaflet p-0.000. There are differences in the attitude of mothers of toddlers before and after nutrition education with leaflet p-0.000. Nutrition education videos are more effective in increasing knowledge compared to the p-0.000 leaflet. Nutrition education videos are more effective in improving attitudes compared to leaflet p-0.001. Nutrition education videos about stunting are more effective in increasing knowledge and attitudes about stunting.

The effect of 10weeks of karate training on the development of motor skills in children who are new to karate.

This study investigated the effect of a 10-week karate training program on the motor skill development of 5-7-year-old children new to karate with two different test batteries. A total of 28 participants were included in the study: 18 in the Karate group and 10 in the control group. The karate group was subjected to a fundamental karate training (kihon) program consisting of 90-minute sessions four days a week for ten weeks in addition to physical education classes at their schools. In contrast, the control group did not participate in any sportive activities except physical education classes in their schools. Data were collected using the Eurofit test battery and the TGMD-2 test. In the pre-post test comparison of the anthropometric measurements of the karate group, no significant difference was found in the control group. In contrast, a significant difference was obtained in height, body mass index, and body fat percentage. In the post-test analysis of the two independent groups, there were statistically significant differences in favor of the karate group regarding height and body fat percentage (p < 0.005). In the pre-post analysis of the Eurofit test and the TGMD-2 for the karate group, all parameters showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001), while the control group showed no statistical difference. After comparing the karate and control groups, the Eurofit Test and TGMD-2 post-test results showed significantly higher scores (statistically significant differences) in all parameters for the karate group. In conclusion, the study shows that the 10-week karate training program positively affected the motor development of the participating children.

The effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on fat mass and fat-free mass for breastfeeding mothers (0-24 months) in Makassar City, Indonesia.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) is a fat source classified as monounsaturated fatty acid. Previous studies have shown that 47.5% of breastfeeding mothers have less fat intake when compared to the Adequacy of Nutrition Rate (RDA). EVOO consumption can improve the composition of breast milk. However, no research has been found regarding the body composition of breastfeeding mothers after consuming EVOO. This study aims to determine the effect of EVOO on the body composition of breastfeeding mothers 0-24 months. The study was conducted at the Sudiang Raya and Tamalanrea Health Centers in Makassar City with a randomized clinical trial design from January to February 2023. The sample was breastfeeding mothers 0-24 months divided into the intervention group (EVOO and Nutrition Education, n = 17) and the control (Nutrition Education, n = 17). Instruments with Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis tools. Data analysis using t-test. The sample is breastfeeding mothers aged between ≤19 and >35 years. The results of the analysis showed that the average pre-post test, % fat mass (FM) P = 0.426 and % fat free mass (FFM) P = 0.508 (P > 0.05), meant that there was no significant difference. Between the two groups there was no significant difference at the end of the study, %FM P = 0.469 and %FFM P = 0.529 (P > 0.05). In the intervention group that was given EVOO, it was possible to maintain%FM and%FFM in the normal percentage range, while in the control group, there was a decrease from the normal to less/low range.

Effectiveness of the Task-Based Language Teaching Method in Improving Foreign Language Writing Skills

Background. Foreign language teaching has experienced a shift towards a more task-oriented approach to improving language skills. However, not much research has explored the effectiveness of the Task-Based Language Teaching method in the world of physical education, foreign language education, and elementary school teacher education. For this reason, the Task-Based Language Teaching method is used as a solution to improve the skills of students in physical education, foreign language education and elementary school teacher education. Purpose. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Task-Based Language Teaching method in improving students' language skills in three different fields of study. Method. This research uses a quantitative approach with a pre-post test experimental design. Results. The results of this study indicate that there was an increase in language skills in the experimental group who received training using the Task-Based Language Teaching method compared to the control group. Physical education students showed improvements in speaking and writing skills, while foreign language education and elementary school teacher education students showed improvements in listening and speaking abilities. Conclusion. The conclusion of this research shows that the Task-Based Language Teaching method is effective in improving students' language skills in various fields of study, including physical education, foreign language education, and elementary school teacher education. Implementation of the Task-Based Language Teaching method can be an effective alternative in enriching language teaching, improving communication skills, and providing a more contextual and relevant learning experience for students.

Program Kader Kesehatan Jiwa terhadap Kecemasan, Stres dan Depresi pada Lansia

This study aims to examine the effect of the mental health care mentoring program on anxiety, stress, and depression in the elderly. The research method used was a pre-experimental design with a one-group Pre-Post Test Design. The results of the study showed that the value of reducing anxiety in the elderly pre-test anxiety was 76 people (32.28%), and post-test anxiety was 52 people (22.4%). The stress reduction value in the elderly pre-test stress was 32 people (13.8%) and post-test stress was 14 people (6%). The value of reducing depression in the elderly, pre-test depression was 33 people (14.28%) and post-test depression was 21 people (9.1%). Meanwhile, the results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there was an influence because the p-value was 0.000, &lt;0.05, which means there was an influence of cadre mentoring on anxiety, stress, and depression. In conclusion, there is an influence of cadre assistance on anxiety, stress, and depression in the elderly. Keywords: Depression, Elderly, Health Cadres, Anxiety, Mentoring Program, Stress.

Effectiveness Of E-Backnshou Exercise To The Improvement Of Neck, Shoulder And Back Pain In Computer Vision Syndrome Patient

BACKGROUND : Extra-ocular complaints of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) are neck, shoulder, back pain. The 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise are expected to improve accommodative mechanisms, ocular surface of the eye and extra ocular symptoms of CVS. AIMS : Proving the effectiveness of E-BACKNSHOU exercise for the improvement of neck, shoulder and back pain in CVS patient. METHOD : The research design was Pre-Post Test with Control Design. Subjects were 30 medical students of Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia who experienced CVS and neck, shoulder and back pain. The treatment group got the 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise and the control group got the 20-20-20 rule for 1 month. Pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical test was conducted using paired t-test, unpaired t-test and chi square. Value of significance p&lt;0.05. RESULT : There were significant differences in VAS score of neck, shoulder, upper back pain (p=0.00), and low back pain (p=0.022) before and after the intervention in the treatment group and VAS score of neck (p=0,002), shoulder (p=0.020), upper back (p=0.011), and low back pain (p=0.019) in the control group. Delta VAS score of the treatment group was greater than the control group and there was a significant difference in delta VAS score of shoulder pain (p=0,030), but there were no significant differences in delta VAS score of neck (p=0,934), upper back (p=0,356), and low back pain (p=0,150). CONCLUSION : The effectiveness of 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise is better than the 20-20-20 rule alone on treating neck, shoulder and back pain in CVS patient.

THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC GAME EDUCATION ON PHYSICAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN WITH BACK MUSCLE WEAKNESS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic play training on physical health in 10-12 year old children with back muscle weakness. Experimental research model was used in the study. According to the results of the Functional Movement Screening test, 16 children (8 Study, 8 Control) with back muscle weakness were included in the study as participants. According to the pre-test analysis results, children with weak back muscles were given therapeutic play training with 7 different games adapted to increase healthy posture and physical development for 8 weeks and 3 days a week. At the end of the therapeutic game education application process, the FMS test (post-test) was administered to the children again and the results were recorded. The groups were homogeneously distributed, independent sample t-test was used to determine the difference between the research and control groups, and paired sample t-test was used to compare the data within groups. All statistical values obtained were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and significance was evaluated at p&amp;lt;0.05 level. According to the findings obtained from the study, a statistically significant difference was found when the FMS pre-test-post-test results of the children in the study group, in which therapeutic games were applied, were analyzed (p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result of the FMS pre-test before the education program was started, it was determined that 7 of the 8 participants, who could not reach a sufficient score and whose back muscles were found to be weak, reached a sufficient score according to the FMS post-test results after the applications, and only 1 participant showed positive development although he could not get a sufficient score. When the FMS pre-post test results applied to the control group were examined, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference p&amp;gt;0.05.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The Effect of Multimedia on Vocabulary Learning and Retention

Acquiring vocabulary is essential for learning a foreign language. Comparing multimedia approaches that combine text, graphics, audio, and video with standard text-only methods may improve vocabulary learning. The impact of multimedia on vocabulary learning and retention is examined in this study. Fifty undergraduate English learners were split into two groups using a mixed experimental design. Video clips, graphics, and text were used to teach vocabulary to the experimental group. All participants completed pre post vocabulary tests to assess learning and retention. Multimedia instruction led to significantly higher vocabulary gains on the immediate test compared to text-only instruction. Moreover, multimedia learning promoted greater long-term retention based on higher scores on the post test. These findings were consistent across different categories of concrete and abstract words. Additional analysis found multimedia was particularly beneficial for learners with lower verbal working memory capacity. The results suggest multimedia capitalizes on dual coding and provides contextual support which enhances both initial vocabulary learning and retention. This multimedia effect persisted over time, indicating potential pedagogical benefits. The study contributes to theories of multimedia learning and vocabulary.

Application of Benson Relaxation Therapy Combined with Spiritual Therapy to Reduce Anxiety in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a failure of kidney function to maintain metabolism and fluid and electronic balance due to progressive kidney structural damage. Hemodialysis is a replacement therapy for damaged kidney performance, if hemodialysis is carried out for a long time it can cause disturbances in the biological aspects and psychological aspects for hemodialysis patients. One of the effects that is often experienced in hemodialysis patients is anxiety. The research objective was to determine the application of spiritual-based benson relaxation therapy to anxiety levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method:Quasy-Experimental research design with one group pre post test design. Population of all CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. The large number of samples of 20 intervention respondents. The sampling technique was purposive sampling by taking samples according to the inclusion criteria. The research intervention that was carried out was benson relaxation therapy which was carried out in CKD patients who routinely had hemodialysis for more than 6 months with a frequency of 2 times a week for 10-15 minutes with guidance from a clergyman and repeated until the patient could be independent. The research instrument for measuring anxiety used HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and the respondent's intervention used Benson relaxation SOP and spiritual healing SOP (spiritual guidance). Test analysis in this study was paired t test. Results: the results of the research based on the intervention carried out obtained the anxiety score before the intervention from 20 respondents, the majority on the score of severe anxiety (28-41) which is as much as 70% then followed by moderate anxiety (21-27) which is as much as 30%. Anxiety scores after the intervention of 20 respondents, the majority on mild anxiety scores (14-20) which is as much as 70% then followed by moderate anxiety (21-27) which is as many as 20% and the minority in non-anxious conditions (&lt;14) which is as many as 10% . From the results of the analysis using the paired t test, the results obtained were a p value of 0.001, with α = 0.05 so that the p value &lt;α (0.001 &lt;0.05). meaning that there is a difference between the pre and post tests on the level of anxiety with the spiritual-based benson relaxation therapy intervention in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Based on the discussion that we have conveyed, it can be concluded that benson relaxation and spiritual healing can reduce anxiety in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

MEMUPUK PEMIKIRAN KREATIF KEUSAHAWANAN: SATU MODUL UNTUK PENDIDIKAN STEM

This study was conducted to i) ascertain the validity, reliability, and feasibility of a module based on the socioscientific issue approach and design thinking model (SIDT), and ii) assess the impact of this module on the entrepreneurial creative thinking (ECT) of Form Four students. The first phase of ECT module validation was conducted with the assistance of three expert evaluators and 32 students. The responses to a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and the Entrepreneurial Creative Thinking test were used to collect data. The second phase consists of evaluation using a quasi-experimental design with a Pre-Post Test of Non-Equivalent Control Groups. A total of 64 Form Four students were divided into two groups: SIDT (n = 32) and control (n = 32). The ECT module has a high validity value and an acceptable Cronbach's alpha reliability of .92, according to its evaluation results. The ECT Module's viability has also been demonstrated by a mean score of 4.71, which indicates that teachers can implement the module's activities in the classroom. The results of the independent-samples t-test prove that there is a significant difference in the post-test for students in the ECT group compared to the control group in entrepreneurial creative thinking and the five constructs of entrepreneurial creative thinking. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the ECT Module provides a valid, reliable, and feasible STEM teaching and learning module, and that it is effective in enhancing Form Four students' creative entrepreneurial thinking.

The Effect of Acupressure Points L14 and SP 6 on Pain Intensity in the First Stage Labor

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of acupressure points L14 and SP6 in reducing the intensity of pain during the first stage of labor at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo. Recognizing the physiological and psychological impacts of labor pain on both mothers and infants, the research seeks to assess the potential of acupressure as a non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate labor pain and enhance maternal well-being during childbirth. Methods: This research adopts a Quasi Experimental Design with a One Group Pre-Post Test Design approach. The study population comprises maternity mothers receiving prenatal care at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo. Accidental sampling is utilized to select a sample of 30 respondents. Data collection involves observing acupressure treatments using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain intensity. Univariate analysis, employing frequency distribution, and bivariate analysis, utilizing paired t-test, are conducted to analyze the data. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that the mean labor pain intensity before administering acupressure points SP6 and L14 was 6.48, which decreased to 3.84 after acupressure treatment. The bivariate analysis demonstrates a significant effect of the SP6 and L14 acupressure technique on reducing labor pain during the active phase I of labor at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo (p–value 0.0001 &lt;0.05), with a mean decrease of 2.64. These results suggest that acupressure therapy holds promise as a complementary intervention for managing labor pain and enhancing maternal comfort during childbirth. Implications of the Research: The research outcomes have implications for midwifery care and maternal health practices, particularly in the context of promoting non-pharmacological pain management strategies during labor. By demonstrating the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing labor pain intensity, the study highlights the importance of integrating complementary therapies into maternity care protocols to improve maternal experiences and outcomes during childbirth. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the efficacy of acupressure points L14 and SP6 in alleviating labor pain during the first stage of labor. By employing a quasi-experimental design and utilizing specific assessment tools, the research offers valuable insights into the potential benefits of acupressure therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in childbirth. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and individualized approaches to maternity care, emphasizing the integration of complementary therapies to enhance maternal well-being and satisfaction during the childbirth process.

PENGARUH HERBAL COMPRES BALL TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI OTOT PADA LANSIA

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; Muscle pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience associated with the risk of actual or potential damage. The results of a direct survey at the Palembang City Regional Social Home showed that the majority of elderly people experienced muscle pain. One non-pharmacological therapy to reduce the scale of muscle pain is Herbal Compress Ball therapy, the effect of which comes from heat conduction which can increase regional blood flow to the pain area, the analgesic effect comes from herbal ingredients and aromatherapy essential oils provide a relaxing effect. This study aims to determine the effect of the Herbal Compress Ball on reducing muscle pain in the elderly. The measuring tool used is an observation sheet with a muscle pain scale used is the Wong-Baker FACES Rating Scale, divided into no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, controlled severe pain, and uncontrolled severe pain. The design of this research is an experimental one-group pre-post test design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling with a sample size of 15 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon sign rank test, and the p value = 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). This research shows that there is an effect of Herbal Compress Ball on reducing muscle pain in the elderly in social institutions in the Palembang city area. It is hoped that future researchers can complete this research by adding a control group and comparing the effectiveness of the Herbal Compress Ball between the intervention group and the control group.&#x0D;

Pengaruh Senam Lansia Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Usia Pertengahan Dengan Hipertensi di UPTD Puskesmas Cibeber Kecamatan Cibeber Kabupaten Cianjur Tahun 2023

Introduction: High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. Health problems in elderly people are often related to decreased organ function which causes degenerative diseases, including hypertension. This condition needs to be watched out for because it often does not show any special symptoms, so many people are not aware of it and still feel healthy to carry out daily activities. Therefore, hypertension is often referred to as a silent killer.Method: The research method applied in this study is a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test design model.Research Results: The average blood pressure before doing elderly exercise (pretest) was 151.94/93.66 mmHg, while after doing elderly exercise (post-test) it was 137.90/87 mmHg. There is a significant effect of elderly exercise on blood pressure in middle-aged hypertensive patients at UPTD Cibeber Health Center.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that providing elderly exercise has a significant influence on the blood pressure of middle-aged hypertensive patients at the Cibeber Health Center UPTD

Efektivitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Dengan Media Audio Visual Dan Metode Demonstrasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Kemampuan Remaja Putri Dalam Melakukan SADARI Di SMP Taruna Mandiri Tangerang Selatan 2023

Breast cancer is a deadly disease and the most common disease in women is breast cancer. Early detection efforts can be carried out through breast self-examination or SADARI, which is a method for early detection in finding breast cancer as early as possible and still at an early stage. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of health education with audiovisual media and demonstration methods on the knowledge and abilities of young women in carrying out SADARI. The type of research used is experimental research with the research design used being pre-experimental with a two group pre-post test design approach. The sampling technique used proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling so that a sample of 40 female students was obtained, divided by 20 (Audiovisual), 20 (Demonstration). The data analysis test used the paired t-test statistical test. The research results showed that there were significant changes in scores before and after health education was carried out using audiovisual media and demonstration methods. so that there is an influence of providing health education using audiovisual media on the knowledge and ability of young women to do SADARI (p value 0.000). There is an influence of providing health education using the demonstration method on the knowledge and ability of young women to do SADARI (p value 0.000). The results of the paired t test showed that health education using audiovisual media and demonstration methods was effective on the knowledge and ability to perform SADARI among young women at SMP Taruna Mandiri South Tangerang (p value = 0.000). Based on the research results, it is hoped that teenagers will increase their information and be able to carry out the SADARI application.

The Effect Of Boiled Sail Leaf Water On Blood Pressure In Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is a major health problem that can cause complications from various diseases such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and other diseases. One effort to lower blood pressure is with bay leaf boiled water therapy. Bay leaves contain flavonoids which function to relax arterial muscles so they can reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of bay leaf boiled water therapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The research design used a quasi-experiment with a one group pre-post test design approach, the sample size was 39 people using a purposive sampling technique. The patient drank water boiled with bay leaves ½ glass in the morning and ½ glass before eating for 2 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before and after drinking boiled bay leaves. The results of the research before therapy were carried out, the average systolic blood pressure was 160.67 mmHg and diastolic 93.1 mmHg, after therapy with bay leaf boiled water the average systolic blood pressure was 147.74 mmHg and diastolic 81.72 mmHg. The results of the analysis showed that bay leaf boiled water therapy had an effect on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the Menteng Community Health Centers, Palangka Ra (p=0.00)

Pengaruh Senam Ergonomik Terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Pada Lansia Penderita Rheumatoid Arthritis Di PSTW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung Tahun 2023

As age changes, without realizing it, elderly people will also experience physical, psychosocial and spiritual changes. One of these changes is cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal system disorders are a factor in chronic diseases and motor system disorders in the elderly such as rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid Arthritis is at risk of causing complications in the form of carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes numbness, tingling, pain or weakness. on the hands and wrists. This research uses a quantitative research design using a one group pre-post test (pre-experimental) method. A quantitative design is used because the data will be used to determine the influence between variables which are expressed using numbers or a numerical scale. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 respondents. Data analysis used paired t test t test. shows that from the results of the dependent t test or paired sample T-test, it can be seen that the average level of pain before and after doing ergonomic exercises is 1,650 and obtained P value = 0.000 &lt; 0.05, so H0 is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of ergonomic exercises on pain levels in elderly people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis at PSSW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung in 2023

The Effect of Benson Relaxation and Dhikr on Decreasing Pain Scale in Active Phase I Delivery Mothers at Yosi Trihana Independent Midwifery Practice

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pain management uses pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, to reduce pain by treating accompanying symptoms. One of the non-pharmacological pain treatments is Benson relaxation therapy and dhikr. Benson relaxation therapy is a non-pharmacological strategy that combines relaxation techniques with the patient's belief system. It aims to reduce pain and encourage calmness by focusing on Allah SWT and releasing all emotions to the mother. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Benson relaxation and dhikr on reducing the pain scale in mothers inpartu kala I active phase. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental research design, with the type of research one group pre-post test. The research location was at the Yosi Trihana Independent Practice Midwife, Klaten Regency, Central Java. They were carried out in November 2023 to January 2024. The population used was all active mothers inpartu active phase I. The sampling technique was total sampling, so the research sample was 30 respondents. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, which was processed using SPSS software version 20.0. The results showed a significant relationship with a p-value = (0.000). There is a decrease in the intensity of pain experienced during the labour process in Yosi Trihana's Independent Midwife Practice. These findings indicate that benzene relaxation and dhikr significantly impact reducing pain levels during labour. It is recommended that nurses and other health workers use dhikr relaxation as a non-pharmacological technique to reduce pain during labour. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: Benson Relaxation, Dhikr, Pain Intensity Scal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

Social skills: Assertiveness, teamwork and self-control/emotional expressiveness in early childhood education

The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge and practice of social skills, assertiveness, teamwork and self-control/emotional expressiveness in children taking part in the "Full-Time Project" at the Valdir Gonçalves de Lima CEM, in the municipality of Votuporanga-SP. The work is characterized as exploratory of a quantitative and qualitative nature, through pre-post tests and field diaries on the play activities proposed in order to identify the children's knowledge of the chosen skills. The study showed that those surveyed already had an understanding of the social skills in question, since they already had a certain degree of knowledge in the pre-test, with no significant evolution in the post-test, but even though they had knowledge of the subject, they were unable to apply it in their daily school and family life. In this way, the objectives were achieved by creating a bond, showing practical ways of using social skills and making the participants learn about the proposed topic in a fun and entertaining way.

Interactive Learning System for Learning Calculus.

IT tools has brought a new perspective to collaborative learning where students do not just sit in a chair and swallow lecture content but instead participate in creating and sharing knowledge. However, calculus learning augmented reality application has limitation in promoting a human collaboration in learning. This research develops an interactive application for learning calculus that promotes human-system interaction via augmented reality (AR) and human-human interaction through chat functions. The study examines the effect of both interactivities on learning experience and how that learning experience affects the performance of learning. The research adopted a quasi-experimental study design and pre-post test data analysis to evaluate the effect of interactivities on learning experience and consequently the effect of learning experience on learning performance. The subjects were exposed to the developed application for learning the calculus chapter "Solid of Revolution" in a controlled environment. The study validated its research framework through partial least squares path modelling and tested three hypotheses via pre-and post-test evaluation. The results found that both interactivities affect learning experience positively; human-human interactivity has a higher impact than the human-system interactivity. It was also found that learning performance as part of the learning experience increased from pre-test to post-test.

The Influence of Education on Knowledge of the Role of Breastfeeding Fathers at the Ob-Gyn Polyclinic, RSU Balimed Negara

The role of the father is critical to the success of breastfeeding. Good knowledge of the role of breastfeeding fathers obtained through education will enable fathers to provide optimal support to mothers in order for them to provide exclusive breastfeeding to their children. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education on knowledge of the role Father’s Role in Exclusive Breastfeeding at the Obgyn Polyclinic of RSU Balimed Negara. The study design used was pre-experimental using a one-group pre-post test design. The sampling technique uses nonprobability sampling, namely a total sampling of 32 respondents. The results showed that before the intervention was given, most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge, namely 19 respondents (59.4%) and after the intervention was given, most of the respondents had good knowledge, namely 18 respondents (56.2%). The results of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test obtained a p value (0.000)