The present study addresses the role of behavior therapies in the recovery from rape trauma by presenting two lines of evidence. First, 60 immediate-treatment seekers are compared to 24 late-treatment seekers. Although the late-treatment seekers began treatment at a time point comparable to the point at which the immediate-treatment seekers completed treatment, both groups of subjects showed comparable pre-post improvement. Second, all treated subjects (N=84) are compared to untreated subjects in assessment-only studies conducted at other sites. Although the treaated subjects in the present study were significantly more symtomatic than subjects in the assessment-only studies at initial assessment, symptom levels were comparable by three-to-four months postassault, suggesting that treatment intervention accounted for the greater change observed in the treated subjects.