Preplant Treatments Research Articles

Effect of Kamchatka shelf marine hydrobiont based organic fertilizers on potato cultivation

The effect of organic fertilizers Bio-Mare grades Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo from sea hydrobionts on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition was studied, effective terms and methods of their application were determined, providing increased yields, reduced morbidity and mineral nutrition in potato cultivation. Researchers have shown expediency of use of preparation Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo in the integrated system of potato protection from Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kuhn. Double treatment of plants or a combination of pre-planting treatment of tubers and spraying of plants with the preparation of Bio-Fish contributed to the reduction of rhizoctoniosis development before potato harvesting by 13.2 % and the disease prevalence by 40.0%. The maximum reduction of rhizoctoniosis development by 13.9 % and the disease prevalence by 44.8 % in these variants was also obtained with Bio-Algo. Due to the use of Bio-Algo on the background of (NPK)90 and (NPK)60, the content of vitamin C in potato tubers increased by 4.66 %. The maximum yield of potatoes (26.6 t/ha) was obtained by treatment of tubers in combination with spraying of plants with Bio-Algo on the background of (NPK)90i.e. equal to the yield of potatoes on the background of (NPK)120 in economic control, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of mineral nutrition of potato by 30 per cent.

Effects of Aeschynomene histrix Poir. seed treatment on germination

Description of the subject. Poor germination associated with physical dormancy was experienced in the legume Aeschynomene histrix Poir. seeds and can reduce the establishment and growth of this species. Objectives. To evaluate the effects of different pre-planting treatments, including digestion by Lagune cattle or other preplanting treatments on the germinability of A. histrix seeds. Method. The experiment was divided into three phases. Firstly, six Lagune cattle (three young bulls and three heifers) were fed individually with 1,000 seeds and these seeds were subsequently collected from faeces. Secondly, seed germination was compared among seeds defecated by cattle and seeds submitted to seven other pre-planting treatments: control (intact untreated seeds); seeds scarified using sandpaper; and seeds immersed in 80 °C-hot water for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min. Thirdly, we also assessed the effect of crumbling cattle faeces on A. histrix germinability. Results. The results show that Lagune cattle can disperse seeds of A. histrix with maximum recovery on the second day after ingestion. Of the number of seeds fed 13.42% were recovered. The germination percentage was greatest for sandpaper scarified seeds (96%) and seeds pre-heated during 2 min (86%), but least for digested seeds (4.27%). Breaking-down the dung doubled seedling emergence from digested seeds. Conclusions. As it is desirable to break dormancy of A. histrix seeds, the use of mechanical scarification using sandpapering or hot water scarification 80 °C at 2 min may be more beneficial than cattle digestion.

Increasing the efficiency of use of wheeled harrow units in regions of risk farming

Crop yields largely depend on the quality of the soil prepared for sowing. At the same time, one of the most important field operations is harrowing, with the main technological parameter of harrowing is the depth of processing of the fertile soil layer. Failure to do not have the necessary depth of processing leads to a decrease in yields, and the excess - to additional energy costs, and therefore to increase the cost of a unit of the resulting products. As you know, the main parameter influencing the depth of processing is the weight that falls on the working organ of the harrow. This article proposes a device that has obtained a patent for the intellectual property of the Russian Federation, allowing to regulate the weight of the working organ of the harrow, due to its optimal redistribution within the machine-tractor unit (MTU), and the theoretical and experimental results of the experimental harrowing unit are provided. The results suggest that the proposed solution is highly effective, which provides as an opportunity for quality pre-planting treatment, and contributes to the compliance with the necessary agro-technological requirements for the harrowing process.

Growing giant miscanthus in Polissia on radioactively contaminated soils

Purpose. Investigate the accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the biomass of giant miscanthus depending on the agronomic methods of growing on radioactively contaminated soils in Polissia.
 Method. Biomorphological, radiometric, lysometric, statistical, comparative and computational.
 Results. The article presents the results of research to study the accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the biomass of giant miscanthus. It was found that in the variants where the bioenergy crop was grown on soils contaminated with radionuclides, the accumulation of 137Cs in the biomass in the range of 14.7–18.6 Bq/kg and 90Sr 0.46–0.54 Bq/kg was observed. The use of mineral fertilizers together with liming and inoculation of giant miscanthus with the microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin and treatment with organo-mineral fertilizer BioMAG helped to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in the biomass of giant miscanthus, specifically 90Sr by 15% and 137Cs by 21%. It was investigated that the use of these agronomic techniques contributed to the formation of dry biomass yield at the level of 9.96 t/ha on average over three years of cultivation, which is 28% higher than the control.
 Conclusion. It was found that the use of mineral fertilization in combination with liming, inoculation of rhizomes of giant miscanthus with the microbial drug Polymyxobacterin and pre-planting treatment with organo-mineral fertilizer BioMAG contributes to a significant increase in dry biomass yield, reducing 90Sr and 137Cs. The accumulation of these radioactive isotopes in the biomass of giant miscanthus when grown on radionuclide-contaminated soils did not exceed the permissible level for cereal grains, and the use of agronomic techniques helped to reduce the content of 90Sr by 9–15% and 137Cs by 12–21% compared to controls. The lowest coefficients of radionuclide conversion into biomass of giant miscanthus were obtained for both 90Sr (0.15) and 137Cs (0.24) for the use of mineral fertilizers together with liming and inoculation of giant miscanthus rizomes with Polymyxobacterin and treatment with BioMAG organo-mineral fertilizer.

EFFICIENCY OF A NEW PREPARATION BAGRETS PLUS, KS FOR PRE-PLANT TREATMENT OF POTATOES TUBERS

The research results of the biological and economic efficiency of the Bagrets Plus, KS dressing agent in the period 2019–2020 for the pre-planting treatment of seed tubers for the control of Rhizoctonia rot, common scab and Colorado potato beetle are presented.

Сontrol of potato diseases and pests using modern insecto-fungicidal products

Goal. To study the effect of insect-fungicidal dressing agents on the development of diseases and damage by pests to potato tops and tubers during the growing season and during harvesting. Determine the effectiveness of drugs.
 Methods. Investigated combined dressing agents containing preparations of insecticidal and fungicidal action. The setting of experience, observation, accounting of harmful objects and determination of the effectiveness of the drugs were carried out using generally accepted research methods. Tuber analysis was carried out by determining each fraction in relation to the total mass of potatoes in the selected samples. The yield was determined by the gravimetric method.
 Results. The use of insect-fungicidal dressing agents for the pre-planting treatment of potato tubers has shown their high efficiency. The effectiveness of the disinfectants against the Colorado potato beetle was 100% the entire period from the emergence of adults to the mass development of larvae. Against dry spot, which dominated in potato plantings, the treatment efficiency was at the initial period at the level of 43.6—53.2%, for the entire observation period — at the level of 26—36%, depending on the preparation. The drugs Emesto Quantum, 273.5 FS, TH and Celest Top 312.5 FS were characterized by a high level of protective action, because with. The use of insect-fungicidal dressing agents increased the yield of healthy standard products by an average of 30% due to a decrease in tubers affected by diseases and damaged by pests. The potato yield in the experimental variants was 2.4—2.8 times higher than in the control (without treatment).The highest yield was obtained in variants with the use of the preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS, because with. and a mixture of insecticidal and fungicidal disinfectants Cruiser 350 FS, because with. + Maxim 025 FS, because with.
 Conclusions. The use of combined insecticidal and fungicidal disinfectants for the treatment of potato tubers had high technical, economic and economic efficiency. Treatment of tubers 100% controlled the development of the Colorado potato beetle during its mass development and significantly limited the development of Alternaria during the growing season. Due to the limitation of the development of pests and diseases on the tops and tubers, the yield of potatoes in the variants with dressing of tubers was 2.4—2.8 times higher than in the control (without treatment).

Integrated application of biological and chemical preparations against alternariosis of pota-toes in irrigated conditions of the Volgo-Ahtubinskaya pool

In the conditions of the Astrakhan region Alternaria blight is one of the most widespread and harmful diseases. The application of only chemical preparations often leads to the emergence of resistant forms of pathogens. One of the methods to solve this problem is the combined usage of chemical and biological preparations. The article shows the possible loss of yield of potato tubers in the absence of measures to control this disease. Is it described biological preparations that are produced on the basis of one of the most diverse and naturally diffused bacteria of the Bacillus genus, which are able to inhibit the development of a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. The characteristics of the variety, conditions and methods of research are given. The article presents the results of trials of the combined application of chemical and biological preparations against potato Alternaria blight under irrigated conditions of the Volga delta with cultivation of potato under on drip irrigation. It was noted that pre-planting treatment of potato tubers with biological and chemical preparations contributed to the growth of field germination rate by 4,3-7,6%. The combination of preplant treatment with spraying of vegetative plants positively influenced the biometric parameters of potato bushes, increasing the number and weight of leaves, the average height and number of productive stems, as well as the mass of tops and tubers. In comparison with the control variant without treatment the leaf surface area increased by 15-29%. The results of the estimation of effectiveness of the combined use of biological and chemical preparations against potato Alternaria blight are presented. It was established that the degree of the Alternaria blight development during the vegetation period was below the control by 30-76%. It was also mentioned an increase in the productivity of cultivated plants without a significant decrease in the quality of potato tubers.

Survival rate of the Crimean pine forest cultures (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) created by non-standard seedlings on Don hilly sands

Experimental forest cultivations of Crimean pine were produced on cohesive-sandy soils with hilly terrain to show the possibility of using non-standard seedlings. The minimum height of the seedlings was 10 cm (a standard indicator) compared to 2.0…2.9 cm – the stem diameter at the root collar (a non-standard indicator). In an experiment the agronomic technique of preplant treatment of the seedlings’ root systems with a solution of Kornevin (a biostimulant, Agrosintez, Russia) was used. When creating forest cultures by hand planting, the differences between the experimental options in terms of the survival rate and the nature of variation depending on the quality of the seedlings used were not significant (actual Student’s and Fisher’s coefficients is less than tabular). Treatment of root systems with Kornevin solution contributed to a more even distribution of the plants in the area. Mechanized planting did not provide for a high survival rate of forest cultures (the rate was 58.4% in the 1st year and 37.3% in the 3rd year), while the surviving plants did not form a homogeneous population (variation factor 30.5…71.0). The results indicated that it was possible to use seedlings of non-standard sizes in renewal after treating root systems with solutions of root stimulants.

INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL STRAINS OF THE GENUS BACILLUS ON GROWTH PROCESSES AND TISSUE FORMATION IN THE SHOOTS OF REMONTANT RASPBERRIES

The studies were carried out with the aim of revealing histological reactions in the shoots of remontant raspberries as an aspect of the growth-stimulating effect of pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with strains of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The observations in the model experiment were carried out in 2017-2018 in the production plantings of remontant raspberries of the agricultural artel “Sady Sibiri” in the Novosibirsk Region. Plants were treated before planting by soaking the root system in a working fluid containing a bioagent at a concentration of 1×105 CFU / ml. In terms of the totality of growth-stimulating effects, the most effective complex effect on remontant raspberry plants was provided by pre-planting treatment with B subtilis strain VKPM B-10641 and a mixture preparation Fitop 8.67. The number of replacement shoots increased by 45–69%, the length of replacement shoots - by 16–20%, the amount internodes - 1.2 times relative to control. Under the influence of the same bacterial bioagents in the shoots of remontant raspberries, an increase in the thickness of the peridermis by 20–25% relative to the control, an increase in the number of peridermal layers by 12–35%, suberinized (matured) layers of the peridermis by 30–48%, and the thickness of xylem by 12 –22% was observed. B subtilis VKPM B-10641 strain and Fitop 8.67 influence raspberry plants, the regularity of simultaneous stimulation of growth processes in the replacement shoots and the formation of mature peridermis. So it acts as an immunological barrier against phytopathogens, pests and abiotic stress factors. So the research proved it.

Aspects of using interspecific hybridization of goats

Relevance. One way to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes is to use biological products. They have the ability to influence the immune potential of plants, disease resistance, which in turn affects the yield and quality of tubers. Methods. We have studied the effect of two biological preparations Flavobacterin and Mizorin, as well as their combined effect on the growth and development of potato plants. Results. Treatment with biological products at different stages of development increased the rate of development of potato plants during seedlings by 10-20%, but in the phase of budding and flowering, these differences were smoothed out. The highest yield increase of 1.3 t/ha was noted in the variant with joint processing (Flavobacterin + Mizorin), where the yield was 17.8 t/ha. The quality indicators of tubers treated with drugs did not have a significant impact, however, they significantly affected the prevalence of diseases. So, pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and treatment of potato plants during the growing season with biological preparations increases disease resistance during storage: mushroom from 0.7 to 4.0%. The safety share of healthy potato tubers was 80-95%, and 75% without treatment.

EEffect of Pre-planting Treatments and Cutting Date on Performance of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Semi-Hard Wood Cuttings.

The objective of this work was to reach the best treatment that caused the high rooting and survival percentages in guava semi-hard wood cuttings. Investigation was carried out at the Baramoon Experimental Farm, Horticulture Research Institute Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during two seasons 2016-2017. The semi-hard wood cuttings were taken in May and July from 22 years old uniform trees of guava cv. Montakab El-Sabahia cv. immediately after collection, all cuttings were soaked in 15% activated charcoal (AC) for 3 hours. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized blocks design. Number of treatments were 9; (IBA 3000ppm T1, IBA 4500ppm T2, IBA 5000ppm T3, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 3000ppm T4, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 4500ppm T5, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 5000ppm T6, Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 3000ppm T7, Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 4500ppm T8 and Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 5000ppm T9). Cuttings collected during May gave the better results. Among different treatments T5 could be recommended, as it was the best in teams of rooting percentage 70%, number of roots per cutting 4.3, length of roots 4.32 cm, root fresh weight per cutting 3.35g and survival percentage of rooted cuttings 50%.

Vertical mobility and cotton tolerance to trifludimoxazin, a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide, in three West Texas soils

AbstractTrifludimoxazin, a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide, is being evaluated for possible use as a soil-residual active herbicide treatment in cotton for control of small-seeded annual broadleaf weeds. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to compare vertical mobility and cotton tolerance of trifludimoxazin to flumioxazin and saflufenacil, which are two currently registered protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicides for use in cotton, in three West Texas soils. Vertical soil mobility of trifludimoxazin was similar to flumioxazin in Acuff loam and Olton loam soils, but was more mobile than flumioxazin in the Amarillo loamy sand soil. The depth of trifludimoxazin movement after a 2.5-cm irrigation event ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 cm in all soils, which would not allow for crop selectivity based on herbicide placement, because ideal cotton seeding depth is from 0.6 to 2.54 cm deep. Greenhouse studies indicated that PRE treatments were more injurious than the 14 d preplant treatment when summarized across soils for the three herbicides (43% and 14% injury, respectively). No differences in visual cotton response or dry weight was observed after trifludimoxazin preplant as compared with the nontreated control within each of the three West Texas soils and was similar to the flumioxazin preplant across soils. On the basis of these results, a use pattern for trifludimoxazin in cotton may be established with the use of a more than 14-d preplant restriction before cotton planting.

Effects of maize pre-cultivation on soil deterioration indicated by the soil nematode community in replanted apple orchard

ABSTRACT Maize pre-cultivation was hypothesised to alleviate soil deterioration in replanted apple orchard, and this would be expected to be reflected in the nematode community in the soil. To test this hypothesis, soil parameters and nematode population composition were measured. Compared with replanted apple treatment, soil pH, soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and the available P and K content of the soil were enhanced after maize pre-planting cultivation. Maize pre-cultivation increased bacterivorous nematode populations and decreased herbivorous nematode populations, mainly Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Tylenchus spp. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′) and the richness (SR) of the nematode population, the Wasilewska functional index (WI) (soil health index) and the maturity index (MI) were increased at the flowering stage after 2-year maize pre-planting treatment, and WI was increased at the maturity stage compared with replanted apple treatment. These results indicate that maize pre-cultivation can alleviate soil acidification and deterioration of the physicochemical properties of soil and improve soil health, food web stability and soil ecosystem sustainability in replanted apple orchard. These changes are accompanied by changes in the soil nematode communities.

Effect of sodium salicylate treatment on physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings under the influence of heavy metals

The objective of this work was to study the effect of cadmium sulfate and zinc sulfate on the growth and development of common wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) of the Moskvich variety. In order to determine the physiological and biochemical parameters of seedlings and the possibility of regulating their resistance to the stress factor, preplanting treatment of seeds with sodium salicylate (СNa) was carried out. Wheat seeds had been germinating in a solution of 0.1 mM СNa for 3 days at a temperature of 21–23 oС and under a 16-hour daily illumination of 3000 lux illuminance. On the 4th day, the seedlings were transferred to plastic containers, where they continued to grow in a climatic chamber under periodic irrigation with solutions of CdSO 4 and ZnSO 4 salts with a concentration of 10 -6 -10 -3 M. On the 7th day of the experiment, the length and fresh weight of the root system and shoots of the seedlings were measured, alongside with the lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity and the enzyme activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cells of the leaves, as well as the content of proline in the leaves and roots of wheat seedlings. It has been found that for establishing the differences in the effect of cadmium and zinc ions on wheat plants using only biometric indicators is not sufficient. In our studies, the determination of LPO activity and proline content served as an indicator of the development of oxidative stress in the cells of wheat seedlings under the influence of CdSO 4 and ZnSO 4 . At the same salt concentrations, only CdSO 4 contributed to increased LPO activity and the formation of proline, which could be a signal for triggering the protective reactions of the cell. The low SOD activity under these conditions is probably resulting from the fact that it is proline that reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species either by terminating the cascade of free radical reactions or by inhibiting the CdSO 4 enzyme. ZnSO 4 salt is less toxic, since in the same range of concentrations it does not cause an increase in the content of LPO and proline products. The influence of CNa on these parameters depended on the nature of the heavy metal and the strength of its action, and produced both pro- and antioxidant effects, both provoking oxidative stress or protecting against it.

DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOLOGIZED SYSTEM FOR ACCELERATED SEED BREEDING OF POTATO AS A FACTOR OF PRESERVATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF SAFETY OF PRODUCED PRODUCTS

In the course of the work, new promising organomineral growth stimulators were selected. A detailed study of their influence on the dates of passage of phenological phases of zoned varieties of potatoes of Siberian selection of different groups of ripeness and the timing of its maturation, as well as their influence on photosynthetic parameters, plant growth and development, as well as on the value of the preserved potato crop. The use of innovative organic fertilizers and growth promoters on the basis of chelate Kaliplant (0,003 %), Acorus (0,005 %), Cytowic (0,001 %), by preplant treatment of tubers contributes to the growth and development of plants, while increasing the yield of the improved seed potato varieties of different maturity groups at the level of 37–42 % to the achievement of a multiplication factor of 1:16.

Trichoderma spp. on treatment of Handroanthus serratifolius seeds: effect on seedling germination and development

Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are important microorganisms used in biocontrol processes and the promotion of plant development. However, they remain poorly studied in the context of forestry programs, especially those related to native Amazonian species. Thus, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of different Trichoderma isolates on the germination and development of Handroanthus serratifolius seedlings. During in vitro germination tests, seeds were immersed for 24 h in respective fungal suspensions each prepared using one of five Trichoderma isolates. The suspensions were held in plastic trays and kept at a temperature of 24 ± 2 °C. Metrics related to germination and development assessed under laboratory conditions include: germination speed index (GSI), germination percentage, length of the roots, and hypocotyls, as well as fungal perseverance. In the nursery, Trichoderma were used in two different applications: pre-planting treatment and as a monthly, post-planting treatment. Pre-planting treatments consisted of 10 g of colonized rice grains bearing each isolate being placed into experimental bags five days before seeding. The post-planting treatment involved the application of 10 mL of fungal suspension per experimental bag. Each month, the height, stem diameter, and leaf number were measured for each seedling. At the end of the experiment, the length and mass of roots as well as the total dry mass were recorded. In laboratory conditions, seeds treated with Trichoderma asperellum -TAM03 obtained the greatest fractional germination (76.5%) and GSI. In the nursery experiments, isolates TAM01 and TAM03, when applied as a post-planting treatment, increased the height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of treated plants with respect to the control group by 180 days post-treatment. After 365 days, plants which received TAM01 pre-planting treatments were observed to have increased root and aerial part length, as well as root mass and overall dry mass. These results suggest that T. asperellum -TAM01 positively affects H. serratifolius development.

Timing and rate of nitrogen fertilization influence maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Timing and rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can influence maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, N uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) parameters, but results have been inconsistent across the upper Midwest. This study compared single (fall and preplant) and split applications of differing N rates for maize under irrigated conditions on loamy sand at Becker, MN and under rainfed conditions on loam and clay loam soils at Lamberton, MN and Waseca, MN, respectively, in 2014 to 2016. Fall and preplant applications of N were applied at recommended and 125% of recommended rates (RN) according to University of Minnesota guidelines. Split-application treatments included a two-way (Sp, applied at 75% and 100% of RN) and a three-way split (TSp applied at 50%, 75%, and 100% of RN), with the total N rate equally split among application times. At Becker, maize grain yield with TSp was 12.6 to 15.7 Mg ha-1 among years and significantly greater than that with fall or preplant treatments. The TSp treatment also improved agronomic efficiency (AE) and recovery efficiency (RE) by an average of 30% over fall or preplant treatments. At Lamberton, maize grain yield, AE and RE did not differ among treatments. However, TSp75 improved AE by 8.3 kg kg-1 while producing comparable yields to fall and preplant treatments. At Waseca, Sp or TSp improved grain yield and AE compared with fall treatments. These results suggest that split applications of N can increase maize grain yield, AE, and RE on irrigated coarse-textured soils and applying N fertilizer near planting or as a split application can improve N management on non-irrigated clay loam soils.

Impact of ultrasounds on physicochemical characteristics of potato tubers

The goal of the study was to determine the effect of sonication of different potato seed material cultivars on physicochemical properties. Tuber samples from a field experiment conducted in Parczew (51°38'N, 22°54'E) in 2015–2017 were used for the study. The experiment was carried out by the method of randomized sub-blocks, in a split-plot dependent system. The first order factor were pre-planting treatments: 1) the use of ultrasounds, 2) control object without ultrasounds. The second order factor consisted of 10 potato cultivars of all earliness groups. Seed material was a subject to immerse sonication using an ultrasonic device. Following parameters were evaluated: dry matter of tubers, starch content, textural features, acidity (pH) of potato juice. Sonication contributed to the increase in dry matter and starch contents in tubers, the change in pH towards alkaline reaction, and textural parameters of raw and cooked tubers were increased.

Biofumigation - An effective tool in enhancing yield of capsicum by suppressing soil-borne pathogens and augmenting biopesticide under protected cultivation in India

Biofumigation is a benign method to control soil-borne pathogens. The scope of the current research was to develop an effective formulation of Allyl Iso-Thio-Cyanate (AITC), commonly called volatile mustard oil and to evaluate its impact on suppression of soil-borne pathogens in capsicum cultivation grown under poly-house condition. After extensive research Multiplex biotech has developed a suspension concentrate formulation for biofumigation of soil based on an extraction of brassica enzyme called AITC and defatted mustard seed meal powder which could support both soil-sterilization and boosting soil fertility. A completely randomized trial was carried out on capsicum ( Capsicum annum ) grown under polyhouse (one acre) condition has shown that the application of this formulation as pre-planting treatment of soil @ 500ml/acre through drip irrigation under mulched condition was found to be an effective method to suppress the soil-borne fungal pathogens (70-80%) like Sclerotium rolfsii , Fusarium sp., bacterial pathogens (50-60%) like Ralstonia sp., Xanthomonus sp. and root knot nematodes (60-70%). In addition, it also complemented biocontrol activity of microbial antagonist like Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens , introduced as a treatment in the biofumigated plot after a gap of 6 days of Biofumigation. Improved plant growth (>18-20%), increased number of leaves/plants, early flowering and better yield (>22-33%) was recorded in the treatment where both T. viride and P. fluorescens were introduced as post fumigation treatment. This was followed by only biofumigated plot whereas in the non-fumigated plot disease incidences recorded was highest (43-45% more). Highest yield (46 tons/acre) was recorded in the plot where biopesticide was treated after Biofumigation followed by only biofumigated plot (37 tons/acre) and as compared to non-fumigated plot (28 tons/acre) which recorded the lowest yield.

Влияние новых удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля

Одним из методов совершенствования технологии возделывания картофеля является применение комплексных водорастворимых хелатных удобрений. В 2018 – 2019 гг. исследовано воздействие комплексного минерального удобрения Грин-Го 18 – 18 – 18 + 1,3MgO + микро и микроудобрения Рексолин ABC на рост и развитие районированных по Северо-Западному региону РФ сортов картофеля с различными сроками созревания. В опыте исследовали 9 сортов по 3 группам скороспелости: раннеспелые — Чароит (очень ранний), Удача, Ред Скарлет; среднеранние — Гала, Елизавета, Памяти Осиповой; среднеспелые — Аврора, Каскад, Ладожский. Обрабатывали удобрениями в 2 этапа: предпосадочная обработка клубней водным раствором препарата Рексолин ABC и внесение Грин-Го 18 – 18 – 18 + 1,3MgO + микро по достижении всходов 10 см. Определяли урожайность клубней картофеля, содержание в них сухого вещества, крахмала и нитратов. Выявлено положительное влияние применяемых удобрений на урожайность и качество исследуемых сортов картофеля. Все исследуемые сорта по содержанию нитратов не превышали предельно допустимой концентрации (250 мг/кг), которая варьировала в пределах 96–106 мг/кг. Лучшие показатели по урожайности отмечены у группы раннеспелых и среднеранних сортов — превышение по сравнению с контролем (без обработки) составило 16,5 – 66,5 % в 1-й год исследований и 12,1 – 71,0 % во 2-й год. Выявлено повышение содержания крахмала и сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля при применении удобрений — соответственно до 12,1 – 16,7 и 21,3 – 26,8 %. Опытные среднеспелые сорта не показали значительных результатов по урожайности, что может быть связано со сроками внесения и концентрацией используемых препаратов.