Pre Measures Research Articles

North American Pilot of TBIconneCT: A Social Communication Intervention via Telehealth for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Conversation Partners.

The purpose of this pilot investigation was to identify formative feedback to guide the development of a North American version of the TBIconneCT program. A secondary purpose was to examine the feasibility of delivering the intervention by graduate students. Two cohorts of individuals with chronic brain injuries and their communication partners were recruited for a 10-week, modified TBIconneCT program delivered by graduate student clinicians via telehealth. Eight dyads were recruited for the first cohort, but only four dyads completed the investigation. Ten dyads participated in the second cohort, but only seven dyads completed the investigation. Along with pre and post self-reported measures of communication and participation, participants completed an interview about their experiences. Interviews were transcribed and qualitatively coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants from both cohorts improved in all pre- and postmeasures of communication and participation; however, gains were modest across the cohorts. Qualitative analyses were conducted separately by cohort, as results from the first cohort informed modifications that were implemented in the second cohort, primarily to address Australian English dialects. Across both contexts, overarching constructs included "participant perspectives regarding outcomes," "assessments of the effectiveness of specific portions of the program," and "suggestions for improvement." The modified TBIconneCT program (North American pilot version) produced modest gains in measures of social communication, participation, and quality of life. Qualitative analyses provided insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the modified program, along with suggestions for refinement of the pilot version.

The Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Prostate Volume: A Retrospective Analysis of Pre and Postoperative Measurements in Prostate Cancer Patients

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aims to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prostate volume, utilizing pre and postoperative measurements.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted at a single site using data from an institutional database. Medical records of patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy were reviewed. Data included age, BMI, and prostate volumes measured through digital rectal exam (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and surgical specimen weight (SPW).ResultsA total of 168 patients were identified and included in the analysis. Spearman's correlation test revealed a significant association between BMI and prostate volume for all measurement methods, reporting r = 0.146 (p = 0.047) for DRE, r = 0.268 (p < 0.0001) for TRUS, r = 0.177 (p = 0.021) for MRI and r = 0.234 (p = 0.002) for SPW. Linear regression analysis confirmed the significant association between BMI and prostate volume, reporting, respectively, R2 = 0.026 (p = 0.036) for DRE, R2 = 0.076 (p < 0.0001) for TRUS, R2 = 0.038 (p = 0.011) for MRI and R2 = 0.040 (p = 0.009) for SPW. Notably, considering the SPW the best way to estimate prostate volume, for every increase in BMI, the predicted increase of prostate volume is 0.865gr.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a positive linear correlation between BMI and prostate volume, highlighting the importance of considering BMI in prostate volume assessments.

Guided Growth With Screws and Nonabsorbable Suture for Correcting Knee Flexion in Arthrogryposis for Preschool Population: Preliminary Report

Objective: To introduce an epiphysiodesis technique utilizing screws and nonabsorbable sutures, aimed at rectifying knee flexion contractures (KFCs) in arthrogryposis. Background: Arthrogryposis, a congenital condition characterized by joint contractures, often presents with knee flexion involvement, impeding ambulation. Conservative methods such as casting and physiotherapy may be insufficient, necessitating surgical intervention. Anterior epiphysiodesis emerges as a viable option, with various techniques described in the literature. Materials and Methods: Eight knees in 4 patients with arthrogryposis and KFCs underwent anterior femoral epiphysiodesis using screws and nonabsorbable sutures. Pre and postoperative measurements of KFC and distal femoral diaphyseal-epiphyseal angle were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The procedure significantly improved KFCs, with a median final flexion angle of 0 degrees achieved postoperatively. The distal femoral diaphyseal-epiphyseal angle also increased significantly postoperatively. The average time for angular modification was 11.75 months. Long-term complications were minimal Conclusion: KFCs pose functional challenges, particularly in arthrogryposis. Traditional interventions may not suffice, necessitating surgical approaches like anterior epiphysiodesis. This technique offers early correction with minimal invasiveness, good tolerability, and reversibility; particularly beneficial for younger patients. Anterior epiphysiodesis with screws and non-absorbable sutures effectively corrects KFCs in arthrogryposis, offering a valuable alternative to more invasive procedures. It can achieve good results at a lower cost and with few complications, making it a valuable surgical option for younger patients.

Effects of a Good Sleep Program on Sleep Quality, Stress, and Functional Health in Old-Old Women with Insomnia: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of the a good sleep program on sleep quality, stress, and functional health in old-old women, that is women over the age of 75 years, who had insomnia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 35 old-old women with insomnia: 18 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. Data were collected from August 24 and October 12, 2020. The experimental group, participated in a six-session good sleep program consisting of multiple components, including sleep health education, aromatherapy (lavender scent inhalation), abdominal breathing, sleep hygiene, and walking exercises was conducted. The Good Sleep Program was developed based on Cox’s interaction model of client health behavior. The control group received only a booklet on good sleep. The scales used for pre and post-intervention measurements were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in the quality of sleep (t=-3.92, <i>p</i><.001), perceived stress (t=-3.35, <i>p</i>=.002), and functional health (t=2.97, <i>p</i>=.005). Conclusion: The Good Sleep Program can be used to reduce stress and improve sleep and overall health in old-old women.

PENGARUH CIRCULO MASSAGE TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI DESA SUKOWONO KABUPATEN JEMBER

Circulo Massage is one of massage or massage with the main target of lymph blood circulation. This study aims to determine the effect of circulo massage on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Sukowono Village, Jember Regency Research using Pre-experimental design with Pretest – Post test Group design. The population of this study were hypertensive patients in Sukowono Village, Jember Regency with a population of 152 respondents divided into 30. The sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling. The intervention process uses a standardized intervention protocol for circulo massage procedures. The results of the study with the Paired Sample T-Test test (α < 0.05) showed a significant effect between the results of giving circulo massage with pre and post intervention systolic blood pressure measurements in hypertensive patients. The results of the study on the measurement of systolic blood pressure before the intervention obtained an average value of 154.67 mmHg and after the intervention obtained an average value of 146 mmHg. The effect of circulo massage on systolic blood pressure with the Paired Sample T-Test statistical test obtained a p value of 0.0001. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effect on blood pressure in hypertensive patients before and after being given circulo massage. Researcher recommendations, it is hoped that future researchers will better control other variables outside the study so as to avoid bias in research.

Research on the promotion effect of personalized training program based on biomechanics on the physical health of college students

Biomechanics-based personalized training programs can significantly improve physical health among college students, but there is limited evidence on how these programs affect spinal twist stretch function and overall health, despite previous research demonstrating the potential benefits of such programs. In this study, the influence of a biomechanics-based personalized training program investigates the physical health of a college student population. This study involved 68 college students, divided into two groups: 34 participants undergoing a personalized biomechanics-based training program (Group A) and 34 participants following a standard exercise regimen (Group B). The training program included exercises designed to enhance spinal twist stretch activation and stability. The participants’ core muscle activation was recorded through EMG from rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, and external obliques, while kinematic data were obtained from a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The assessments were done pre and post-8-week structured nutrition and physical activity modification period. These data are stimulated using SPSS, to compare pre and post-test measurements within each group and to determine the differences between spinal twist stretch and global physical health gains using paired t-tests, analyze of variance (ANOVA) descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis. The result demonstrated that Group A significantly improved spinal twists, stretch, and physical health among college students. Exercises targeting specific biomechanical principles exhibited more pronounced spinal twist stretch activation. The program improved trunk stability and movement accuracy, with a moderate correlation between muscle activation and overall physical health improvements. This approach improved core stability and muscle function but also led to better overall health outcomes compared to standard exercise regimens.

Pushing the boundaries of endoscopic surgery: the extended transodontoid approach for craniovertebral junction pathologies. Comprehensive technique description and comparative result.

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is susceptible to diverse pathologies. While the transoral-transpharyngeal approach has been the primary method for addressing anterior CVJ conditions, it carries significant morbidity. Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has emerged as a Minimally invasive option. However, EEA has potential limitations in providing adequate caudal exposure. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of enhancing caudal exposure to the endoscopic transodontoid (TO) approach by drilling the posterior part of the central hard palate, thus achieving an extended endoscopic approach to odontoid (ETO) and to compare the accuracy of predictive lines, (Nasopalatine line (NPL), Nasoaxial line (NAxL), and Rhinopalatine line (RPL)) in predicting the caudal limit of the approach. Eight cadaveric specimens underwent pre and post-endoscopic dissection measurements. The distance resected (DR), and inferior exposure of C2 posterior wall (PW) were measured and compared between TO and ETO. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression was utilized to assess the predictive line values for DR. Implementation of the ETO resulted in a significant increase in mean DR (8.6mm, 52% improvement, p-value 0.03381), and the inferior exposure of the PW increased by 5.31mm (p-value 6.063e-05, 37% greater exposure). The linear multivariable regression analysis indicated significant positive associations between NAxL, RPL and DR after TO. However, these associations were not seen for ETO. The ETO proved superior to the traditional approach, providing improved caudal exposure and distance resected. While NPL and NAxL demonstrated predictive value for the TO, their utility was somewhat limited in the ETO.

Initial Proof-of-Concept Study on Immediate Effects of External Advanced Pneumatic Compression on Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Internal Lymphedema Using a Fluoroscopic Measurement Tool.

External and internal head and neck cancer related lymphedema (HNCRL) is a common consequence of radiation treatment (RT). Currently, internal HNCRL can be clinically assessed endoscopically using a visuoperceptual, ordinal rating scale. Use of fluoroscopy to identify and measure internal HNCRL has been explored but is not widely used in clinical practice. Advanced Pneumatic Compression (APC) has shown external HNCRL reduction after a single treatment, whereas internal HNCRL reduction has not yet been assessed. Fluoroscopic lateral scouts and TIMS Review software (TIMS Medical) were used to assess immediate internal HNCRL measures of 30 HNC patients with RT history following a single APC treatment. Pre and post external measures were also obtained. Paired t-test was used to assess changes in pre and post measures. A post-treatment survey was completed. All 30 patients had both immediate external and internal HNCRL reductions, and all reductions were statistically significant. All reported positive benefit. A single, external APC treatment immediately impacted the extent of pharyngeal and laryngeal edema in post-radiated HNC survivors. Fluoroscopy can be a clinically useful and complementary modality to detect, surveil, and measure internal HNCRL.

Evocation of positive memories as complement to trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy for intimate partner violence against women

ABSTRACT Background: Focusing on positive memories as a complement to trauma-focused interventions for intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) could contribute to enhancing the recovery from trauma with the development of a more integrated and emotionally modulated autobiographical narrative. Objective: To test the effectiveness of a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) tailored for IPVAW that incorporates the evocation of positive memories. Methods: Female survivors of IPVAW entered a randomized controlled trial comparing trauma-focused CBT for IPVAW (CBT; n = 35) to a version that incorporates the evocation of positive memories (CBT-M+; n = 44) and to a waitlist (WL; n = 12) control group. Pre and post measures were obtained for: posttraumatic stress, meaning of trauma, affect, emotional regulation, associated symptoms, self-concept and overall functioning. Results: A total of 43.04% of women who entered treatment dropped out, without significant treatment differences. Pre–post changes were not significant for the WL; both treatments resulted in significant improvements, with good effect sizes, for posttraumatic stress (g = 0.78 and g = 1.00 for CBT and CBT-M+, respectively), meaning of trauma, affect, associated symptoms, self-concept and overall functioning, but not in emotional regulation. There were no significant differences between CBT and CBT-M+ in the direct comparisons; however, the effect sizes showed better effects of CBT for centrality of the IPVAW, whereas they favoured CBT-M+ for PTSD, depression, self-esteem and impairment measures. No clinically significant change was reached for the WL, while both treatments significantly reduced the percentage of women with PTSD and self-esteem problems; additionally, the percentage of women with depression and impairment problems in the CBT-M+ group was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Although there were few differences between both treatments, CBT-M+ seemed to have a greater effect, pointing to the potential of the inclusion of the evocation of positive memories that should be further researched.

Effect of Cawthorne and Cooksey exercise on balance control and fall risk among middle-aged population: A single group pre-post experimental study.

Balance impairment is one of the causes of the risk of falls among all age groups and is a continuing threat to morbidity and mortality across the world. Previous studies stated that the vestibular system is affected in middle-aged population, which leads to imbalance and a high risk of falls. There is a lack of research in this account so this study has been done to find the effect of Cawthorne and Cooksey exercise in vestibular rehabilitation on balance control and the risk of falls among middle-age population. According to the criteria of selection 30 subjects were recruited for this study. Baseline demographic measurements were recorded. Timed up and go (TUG) test time, Sway analysis using a force plate, and Morse fall scale measures were used as outcomes. Cawthorne and Cooksey exercise was given for 8 weeks 3 sessions per week. Pre and post-intervention outcome measures with 3-month follow-up were recorded for data analysis. The mean age of participants was 49.55 ± 5.67 years. The paired sample t-test showed mean values of TUG 1.86 ± 1.03, COPx 1.17 ± 1.50, COPy 1.78 ± 1.78, MFS 8.75 ± 12.23 with P value of 0.00 (P < 0.05) for all measures. The repeated measures ANOVA showed 3-month follow-up results for TUG P ≤ 0.00, COPx P ≤ 0.01, COPy P ≤ 0.00, and MFS P ≤ 0.00. There is a statistically significant effect of Cawthorne and Cooksey exercise on balance control and fall risk among middle-aged population of 40-60 years.

Evaluation of an integration community project for asylum seekers in Sweden: physical activity adherence and changes in character traits and life satisfaction

Asylum seekers’ traumatic experiences in combination with discrimination, social isolation, and exclusion in the host country leads to low adherence from health and integration initiatives. Along with their inability to seek health care and physical inactivity, this situation increases their mental illness and, most importantly, decreases their well-being. In fact, the lack of well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) is a better marker of mortality and morbidity than the presence of mental illness. In this context, one of the major single determinants of well-being is character, a dimension of personality that stands for self-regulation, adaptation, and intentional conscious behavior (i.e., goals and values). Host countries often implement integration initiatives including activities aiming to attenuate mental illness, but only a handful are evaluated and reported, with even fewer addressing character development, increases in life satisfaction, or adherence. Our aim was to evaluate the integration initiative “Health for Everyone—Sport, Culture, and Integration”, a 10-week physical activity community project. Specifically, we investigated changes in life satisfaction and character traits (i.e., Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence) and if these variables, at baseline, predicted adherence and changes in physiological health (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and visceral fat). Participants (n = 269) answered (pre and post measurements) the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Short Character Inventory, and undertook physiological tests. In addition, their attendance to the physical activity sessions was registered throughout the project (i.e., adherence). Participants showed no significant increases in Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, or life satisfaction, but significant decreases in Self-Transcendence. Moreover, higher life satisfaction and lower Self-Transcendence at baseline predicted higher adherence to the activity. However, neither character traits nor life satisfaction predicted changes in physiological health. We argue that low frequency physical activity initiatives may improve this population’s physical health because participants probably have a sedentary life and low levels of physical health due to their asylum conditions (e.g., unemployment, low income, poor housing and social network). Furthermore, physical activity per se may not improve the well-being of asylum seekers. Hence, promoting well-being and character development might require person-centered initiatives focusing on the whole individual in order to fit programmes to the needs and life situation of this population.

The effectiveness of a disaster preparedness educational intervention for wheelchair users: A pilot study

ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to test the effectiveness of disaster preparedness education for wheelchair users and improve their self-management skills during emergencies. MethodsA pre-post self-controlled experimental study was conducted. The intervention included one educational session covering the following: (1) Knowledge about local frequent disasters,. (2) Development of a tailored disaster preparedness plan for wheelchair users. (3) Preparation of a disaster kit. The methods included lectures, discussions, and scenario responses to disasters. Disaster preparedness knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were assessed before, after and one month follw-up intervention. Results20 wheelchair users with average age of 41.2 ± 7.68. Most of them reported proficiency in wheelchair using. The educational intervention significantly improved knowledge and attitude scores post-intervention, with knowledge scores rising from 8.00 ± 2.25 to 13.85 ± 0.37 and attitude scores from 47.05 ± 6.45 to 52.30 ± 3.87. At the one-month follow-up, there was a slight regression in knowledge(11.00 ± 1.65) and attitude scores(50.70 ± 3.94) but still significantly higher than pre-intervention levels. Behavior scores were assessed only at pre and follow-up measurement points, with an increasing trend from 3.60 ± 1.93 to 8.60 ± 2.89, indicating sustained improvement in disaster preparedness behaviors. The study highlights the need for sustainable intervention methods due to the observed decline in knowledge retention and attitude over time. ConclusionThe tailored disaster preparedness education for wheelchair users significantly improved their knowledge, fostered positive attitudes, and encouraged proactive behaviors in response to disasters. To sustain these positive outcomes, ongoing educational reinforcement and periodic updates are essential, especially for vulnerable populations like wheelchair users.

A digital positive psychology intervention for college student mental health and health behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 10-week positive psychology course on college student stress, anxiety, self-compassion, resilience and health behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis study implemented a 10-week positive psychology program that included ten one-week modules. Each module consisted of a reading on a given positive psychology topic, a guided learning slideshow, a video to reinforce topical understanding and individual reflection or application exercises. Participants completed pre and postintervention measures, including the perceived stress scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7, self-compassion scale, brief resilience scale and wellness behavior inventory.FindingsA total of 48 students consented to participate in the study, of which 35 completed the 10-week positive psychology online intervention as well as the pre and postsurveys (27.1% attrition rate). There were no statistically significant differences between pre and postresponses for any of the outcome scales. However, there was a trend toward a decrease in perceived stress and generalized anxiety, as well as a trend toward an increase in self-compassion and health behaviors from pre to posttest.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study was design and sample size. Although it was a pilot study, future research should consider a randomized control trial, including pre and postevaluation and blind comparison group. Finally, this intervention was only implemented in the online, asynchronous format. Future research might consider comparing face-to-face, asynchronous online and synchronous online modalities.Practical implicationsFuture implementation should include a more rigorous design, such as a comparison group with randomization as well as a larger sample size.Social implicationsGiven the previous effectiveness of positive psychological interventions on health behaviors, continued research may use direct measures of health behavior engagement throughout the intervention (Biber and Ellis, 2019). This study provides other researchers and practitioners with a model for utilization with middle, high and university students.Originality/valueThis study used open-access content that was free of charge to students to promote positive mental health and health behavior change.

Study of the Effect of Rotator Cuff Strengthening Exercises on Power, Endurance, Speed, Stability and the Coordination of Limb Movement in Badminton Players (Experimental Study)

Background A standard Study of the effect of Rotator cuff strengthening exercises on power, endurance, speed and stability and the coordination of limb movement in badminton players (Experimental study) in young badminton players. Aims: The aim of this study was rotator cuff strengthening exercise on speed and the coordination of limb movement in badminton players. Setting: The research was conducted in various badminton clubs, encompassing a diverse population of young players aged 18- 25 years. The badminton clubs were selected to represent different analog and exercise protocol to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Design: Study will be quasi experimental. It is an experimental type of study, based on pre and post measurements. In this type of study take pre data by using data scale and then start exercise protocol to develop the strengthen the player and then again taking post data, and analyzed the result.

Improving training for carers who support individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia: A service evaluation

Background: Within the Intellectual Disability (ID) population, the prevalence rate of dementia is higher than the general population (Chapman et al., 2018). This signifies a heightened demand on carers to support the transition from routine ID-based care to expert dementia care (Ryan et al., 2014). In line with the National Health Service’s (NHS) long-term plan (2019), it is vital for carers to access regular training to meet individuals’ dementia-related needs. Rationale: The local NHS Community Learning Disability Health Team developed two dementia training packages for paid carers working in residential and supported living facilities. Training package two (TP2) was developed in response to carer feedback obtained from training package one (TP1). This service evaluation aims to investigate the impact of TP2 on participants’ knowledge of dementia and post-diagnostic interventions. Furthermore, this evaluation aims to explore whether the quality of training improved between TP1 and TP2. Methodology: Participants who attended TP2 completed a pre and post knowledge measure; data was analysed using a repeated measures t-test. Quality scores were also completed post TP1 and TP2; this data was analysed using an independent t-test. Results: Participants reported statistically significantly higher dementia knowledge and post-diagnostic support knowledge scores following TP2. Compared with TP1, TP2 had statistically higher post-training quality scores. Discussion: Results from TP2 suggest that this dementia training package is viable and useful. The implications of these findings and wider literature are discussed, in addition to a critical review of the evaluation’s limitations, strengths and recommendations.

Effect of different Volumes of exercise on skin temperature responses over the following 24 hours

Skin temperature responses have been advocated to indicate exercise-induced muscle soreness and recovery status. While the evidence is contradictory, we hypothesize that the presence of muscle damage and the time window of measurement are confounding factors in the skin temperature response. The objective was to determine whether skin temperature is influenced by different workloads and the time course of temperature measurements over the following 24 h. 24 trained male military were assigned to one of three groups: GC group (n = 8) serving as control not performing exercises, GE group (n = 8) performing a simulated military combat protocol in an exercise track with different obstacles but designed not to elicit muscle damage, and the GEMD group (n = 8) performing the simulated military combat protocol plus 5 sets of 20 drop jumps, with 10-sec between repetitions and with 2-min of rest between sets aiming to induce muscle damage. Skin temperature was measured using infrared thermography before exercise (Pre) and 4 (Post4h), 8 (Post8h) and 24h (Post24h) post-exercise. Perception of pain (DOMS) was evaluated Pre, Post24h, and Post48h, and countermovement jump height was evaluated at Pre and Post24h. DOMS did not differ between groups in the Pre and Post24h measures but GEMD presented higher DOMS than the other groups at Post48h (p < 0.001 and large effect size). Jump height did not differ for GEMD and GC, and GE presented higher jump height at Post24h than GC (p = 0.02 and large effect size). Skin temperature responses of GEMD and GG were similar in all measurement moments (p > 0.22), and GE presented higher skin temperature than the GC and the GEMD groups at Post24h (p < 0.01 and large effect sizes). In conclusion, although physical exercise elicits higher skin temperature that lasts up to 24 h following the efforts, muscle soreness depresses this response.

Selection And CBT Treatment Pilot Program Final Evaluation Using IORNS in Macedonian Male Prison Population

The treatment or the resocialization is the most important part of the prison sentence which methods can be individual and group. Motivated inmates and less resistance for the treatment are the main precondition for effective treatment. Appropriate behavior of personnel is the main factor for that result. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as the most effective evidence based psychotherapy approach for offender population is a type for inmate treatment. CBT is a result of Aaron Beck pioneering work in the 1960s. CBT model is based on the triangle relationships between cognition, emotions and behavior. The cognition is defined as a product of the three levels: cognitive schemas, negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional thinking or thinking errors. The inventory of risk, need and strengths (IORNS), an risk assessment instrument, based on Risk, need and responsivity (RNR) model, was used for selection of (N=27) inmates and CBT treatment pilot program final evaluation, in Macedonian prison Bitola. The evaluation was done by comparing pre and post test measures in (N=12) male inmates, as optimal number for group psychotherapy treatment. According to the RNR model the treatment program needs to be oriented to the inmates needs. Implementing CBT treatment program for group psychotherapy and IORNS as short screening tool in Macedonian prisons was the aim of the project supported by the Council of Europe in this work. The results showed significant lower Procriminal attitudes but higher Aggression because of higher Aggressive behavior in the post measures. Results and instrument can be used in next CBT programs evaluations for better rehabilitation of prison inmates and reducing recidivism.

"Our Generation Is Trying to Break Some of That Resistance to Emotions"-A Mixed-Methods Pilot Examination of Tuning in to Kids for Black Parents of Preschoolers in the United States.

A growing body of literature examines the utility of emotion-focused parenting programs, as behaviorally based programs currently dominate the parenting literature. Few of those studies examine differences in how Black parents may benefit. This mixed-methods pilot study examined preliminary fidelity, efficacy, and acceptability of Tuning in to Kids (TIK), an emotion-focused parenting program targeting parenting practices and children's emotion regulation through a strengths-based approach. Pre, post, and one-month follow-up measurements were collected from 21 parents in the United States who were randomly assigned to a treatment (i.e., TIK) or waitlist control group. They were assessed across several self-report parent measures (parental emotion regulation, emotion socialization parenting practices and beliefs) and parent-report of children's social-emotional competence. Parents in the TIK group completed interviews to further understand their experience participating in the intervention. Descriptive analyses showed general improvements and positive change in parenting practices, beliefs, parental emotion regulation, and children's self-regulation. Large effect sizes indicate reductions of parents emotion dismissing and distressed reactions to children's negative emotions. TIK was overall rated as a highly acceptable intervention. Parent interviews offer essential information to provide context to Black parents' experiences utilizing TIK as well as themes related to challenges in raising Black children with self-regulation difficulties. Overall, these preliminary mixed-methods outcomes suggest that TIK is a promising parenting program to improve Black parents' emotion regulation, emotion coaching beliefs and positive parenting practices. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of TIK and other emotion-focused parenting programs with Black parents and assess the necessity of future cultural adaptations.

The effect of educational intervention on hybrid teaching competence of health sciences and medical educators’ – a mixed methods study

ABSTRACT Hybrid teaching, synchronous face-to-face and online learning will continue to be part of flexible teaching methods. This mixed method study aimed to measure the effects of an educational intervention on the development of health sciences and medical educators’ (n = 16) hybrid teaching competence combining experiences about motivation. Hybrid teaching competence was measured with a self-assessment Hybrid Education Competence instrument from one Finnish university in 2022. Pre and post measures about hybrid teaching competence (n = 16) and semi-structured interviews (n = 5) about learning motivation were conducted. Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and inductive content data analysis were used. The educators showed a statistically significant increase in their competence in planning and resourcing hybrid teaching, technological, interaction, digital pedagogy, and ethical competence. Educators experienced the challenges of supporting motivation were less prominent in the second interview than in the first. The study provides evidence on the development of educators’ continuous education and supporting learning motivation.

The effect of developing some elements of physical fitness to raise the level of skillful performance of the crushing hit in volleyball under 17 years old at Al-Morouj Club

The study aims to identify the impact of the development of some elements of physical fitness to raise the level of skill performance of the overwhelming hitting in volleyball under 17 years old at Al-Morouj Club. For the middle class (17) years, totaling (20) players were chosen by the intentional method, at Al-Morouj Club in Al-Marj city. Under study, the second hypothesis, which indicates that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in favor of the experimental group in the skill performance variable under study, is verified .