Pre-emergency Situations Research Articles

Laser system for the detection of critical surface deformations

A laser system for the detection of deformations, based on the interruption of an optical signal at the curvature of the channel of laser radiation distribution due to the deformation of a controllable surface, is presented. Techniques and constructive solutions for executing devices to detect critical deformations of objects are proposed that enable us to recognize a pre-emergency situation with confidence and take prompt steps to eliminate the danger.

Technological data analysis for pre-emergency situations at gas compressor units

Special features of mathematical models used to describe time dependencies of technological parameters of gas compressor unit (GCU) are analyzed during pre-emergency operation of GCU; the models are developed on the basis of the method of grouped arguments. Principal feasibility for well-timed identification of GCU being in pre-emergency situation is demonstrated.

Current state and problems of improving operational monitoring of the safety of hydraulic structures

The experience of on-site observations and investigations at large dams, particularly at the Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskoe, shows that the main problems of improving the organization and conduction of such observations and investigations to increase their effectiveness are: 1. The development of an optimal (unified for construction and operational monitoring) layout of the telemetric MMA, which should lead to a reasonable reduction of the number of instruments. 2. Provision of high-quality installation of MMA and equipment of the control panels at all hydrostations under construction. 3. Improvement of the quality of sensors and frequency meters (periodometers) being manufactured. 4. Acceleration of the development of automated systems providing for both automation of measurements and processing and analysis of the data of on-site observations with delivery of signals about emergency and preemergency situations. 5. Provision of skilled inspection of the safety of hydraulic structures starting from the instant of the first filling of the reservoir.