Pre-development Stage Research Articles

Comparing the hydrological performance of blue green infrastructure design strategies in urban/semi-urban catchments for stormwater management

ABSTRACT Blue green infrastructure (BGI), in recent decades, have been increasingly recognized as robust stormwater control measures to reduce urban flooding, promote infiltration, and restore a catchment's flow to its pre-development stage. However, studies comparing the hydrological benefits of BGI alternatives at catchment scale are often limited to single catchment or single/few BGI options scaled over a catchment. This study designed a set of BGI alternatives as a combination of different BGI facilities in terms of the following: (a) spatial distribution scale (end-of-pipe vs. decentralized) and (b) naturalness scale (less engineered vs. more engineered), in three different urban catchments representing an inner city, a residential suburb, and a new urban housing. In addition, their hydrological performances were compared. A 10-year return period design rain and a continuous rain series of 11 years were modelled for each BGI alternative using the computer model (stormwater management model). It was observed that in most catchments, decentralized alternatives (both engineered and natural) showed better potential to reduce the magnitude and frequency of flooding than centralized measures. Similarly, the tested decentralized natural, less engineered alternatives showed higher potential to increase infiltration than the decentralized engineered alternatives in all three catchments. Meanwhile, infiltration-based BGI alternatives showed similar potential to mimic pre-development flow as other decentralized BGI alternatives.

An in-depth study of anthocyanin synthesis in the exocarp of virescens and nigrescens oil palm: metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a very important tropical woody oil plant with high commercial and ornamental value. The exocarp of the oil palm fruit is rich in anthocyanosides and proanthocyanidins, which not only give it a bright colour, but also mark the maturity of the fruit. The study of the dynamic change pattern of anthocyanoside content and important anthocyanoside metabolism-related regulatory genes during oil palm ripening is conducive to the improvement of the ornamental value of oil palm and the determination of the optimal harvesting period of the fruits. We analyzed the virescens oil palm (AS) and nigrescens oil palm (AT) at 95 days (AS1, AT1), 125 days (AS2, AT2) and 185 days (AS3, AT3) after pollination were used as experimental materials for determining the changes in the total amount of anthocyanins as well as their metabolomics and transcriptomics studies by using the LC-MS/MS technique and RNA-Seq technique. The results showed that the total anthocyanin content decreased significantly from AS1 (119µg/g) to AS3 (23µg/g), and from AT1 (1302µg/g) to AT3 (170µg/g), indicating a clear decreasing trend during fruit development. Among them, the higher flavonoids in AS and AT included anthocyanins such as peonidin-3-O-rutinoside (H35), pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (H21), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (H7), as well as condensed tannins such as procyanidin B2 (H47), procyanidin C1 (H49), and procyanidin B3 (H48). Notably, nine genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway exhibited up-regulated expression during the pre-development stage of oil palm fruits, particularly during the AS1 and AT1 periods. These genes include: Chalcone synthase (CHS; LOC105036364); Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H; LOC105054663); Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR; LOC105040724, LOC105048473); Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS; LOC105035842), UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT; LOC105039612); Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H; LOC105036086, LOC105044124, LOC105045493). In contrast, five genes demonstrated up-regulated expression as the fruits developed, specifically during the AS3 and AT3 periods. These genes include: Chalcone synthase (CHS; LOC105036921, LOC105035716); Chalcone isomerase (CHI; LOC105045978); UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT; LOC105046326); Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H; LOC105036086). Most of differentially expressed genes exhibited up-regulation during the early stages of fruit development, which may contribute to the elevated anthocyanin content observed in oil palm fruits of both types during the pre-developmental period. Furthermore, the expression levels of most genes were found to be higher in the AT fruit type compared to the AS fruit type, suggesting that the differential expression of these genes may be a key factor underlying the differences in anthocyanoside production in the exocarp of oil palm fruits from these two fruit types. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the identification and characterization of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in oil palm fruits, as well as the development of novel variations using molecular biology approaches.

DESIGN OF E-MODULE TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM FOR BIPA LEARNING

This research aims to design teaching materials in e-modules that integrate local wisdom to increase the effectiveness of learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). In the era of globalization, understanding local culture is important to support a more contextual and authentic language learning process. The e-module developed in this research focuses on introducing and understanding local Indonesian culture, such as customs, traditional arts, and social values. This development model uses the Borg & Gall development model, namely preliminary study, research planning, design development, preliminary field test, revision of limited field test results, main field test, revision of wider field test results, feasibility test, final revision of feasibility test results, and dissemination and implementation of the final product. Data collection at the pre-development stage was carried out using a questionnaire validation instrument. The type of data in this research is qualitative data. Qualitative data was obtained from expert test questionnaire validation in the form of data resulting from comments, criticism, and suggestions in the form of nonverbal data at the pre-development stage.

Artificial intelligence in supply chain management: enablers and constraints in pre-development, deployment, and post-development stages

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the AI supply chain journey, combining a systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical interviews with supply chain experts. The objective is to identify and analyze key enablers and constraints influencing AI in the pre-development, deployment, and post-development stages. The research integrates empirical data with a Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, revealing the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors. The thematic analysis uncovers six axial themes for the pre-development stage and one theme for the deployment and post-development stages respectively, providing valuable insights into factors influencing successful AI integration. Moreover, industry-specific insights are unveiled for the Airline, Agri-food, Retail, and Logistics sectors, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors and tailored AI strategies. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by offering practical implications for AI integration in supply chains, highlighting the significance of managing constraints and industry heterogeneity. By identifying and understanding the key constraints, this research provides a deeper understanding of the constraints faced during different stages of AI in supply chains. This study makes a substantial contribution to the current socio-technical discourse on the successful journey of AI in supply chains by deriving eight propositions that offer valuable insights. These propositions delve into the practical implications of addressing constraints and transforming them into enablers for achieving enhanced supply chain performance. The propositions offer guidance to both academic researchers and industry professionals, equipping them with actionable strategies to navigate the complexities and intricacies of integrating AI technologies into the supply chain. By embracing these propositions, stakeholders can effectively harness the power of AI to optimize various aspects of the supply chain, leading to improved efficiency, agility, and competitiveness. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing the understanding of the AI journey in supply chains and offers practical solutions to drive the successful embracing of AI technologies in real-world supply chain environments.

Development of novel resistivity-chargeability statistical relationships for subsurface characterization at Langkawi, Kedah.

The significance of resistivity-chargeability relationships has been acknowledged and applied in various geologic terrains and different environmental conditions. However, there remains an underexplored opportunity to fully utilize these methods in complex geological terrains with a mixture of granitic and sedimentary rocks where empirical relationships have not been established. Such discoveries are crucial for accurately delineating petrophysical and geomechanical properties, which are essential in addressing urgent environmental concerns like landslides, foundation collapse, groundwater shortages, and pollution. To address this research gap, a novel approach was employed: resistivity-chargeability data with simple linear regression modeling. The study focused on developing resistivity-chargeability relationships specifically tailored for tropical granitic environments, using a typical example from Kedah Langkawi, Malaysia. The regions are characterized by complex geological features, ruggedness, and irregular progressive weathering and fracturing of subsurface strata, making the task challenging. Despite these complexities, the study successfully derived an efficient resistivity-chargeability empirical relation that correlates resistivity and chargeability. The derived empirical relationship exhibited high accuracy, surpassing 87%, in predicting chargeability from resistivity datasets or vice versa. This achievement holds great promise in promptly and accurately addressing environmental issues specific to the target region under study. By utilizing this novel resistivity-chargeability relationship, geoscientists, engineers, and environmental practitioners can make informed decisions and effectively manage environmental challenges in these regions, especially during the pre-development stage.

Creativity of key inventors in the technical pre-development stage: the time effect of network content and structure

ABSTRACT Technical pre-development has become increasingly crucial for enterprises in making core technological breakthroughs. Using a cross-level analysis framework of ego and whole networks, this study comprehensively considers the network content and structure. Specifically, it introduces the dynamic characteristics of organisational network research over time to study the impact of current knowledge breadth, structural holes, degree centrality, assortativity, and transitivity on the creativity of key inventors in the pre-development stage. The study uses the 4G and 5G patent data of 10 representative telecommunication enterprises as the sample data. The results demonstrate that there is an inverted U-shaped association between the current knowledge breadth and the creativity of key inventors. At the ego-network level, although there is also an inverted U-shaped relationship between the current degree centrality and the creativity of key inventors in theory, within the value range of the sample data, this relationship indicates a monotonically increasing trend. At the whole-network level, assortativity and transitivity have U-shaped and inverted U-shaped significant effects on the creativity of key inventors, respectively. Our study offers a new perspective for the management of the creativity of key inventors in the pre-development stage.

Plan Prototype Microcontroller based 30 Meter Running Speed Test Equipment

This research aims to produce a 30 meter running speed equipment product athlete North Sumatra which is microcontroller based. It is hoped that this research will be able to overcome the difficulties faced by testers which have so far been carried out manually so that they are effective and effective objectivity The results of this test still cannot be categorized as accurate. This research uses an approach of research and development with the Borg and Gall model which is divided into three stages. The research stages are; (1) Pre-development stage, which one At this stage, a needs analysis is carried out through survey level of tool requirements for users, preparation instrument and consultation to experts. (2) Development stage develop products running speed 30 meters starting from developing initial product manuscripts (manual books), designing digital tools, trials small group, stage I improvement, trials large group, phase II improvement, mass production. (3) Evaluation stage implementation of product results and dissemination product. The results of the analysis from the trial I obtained an average value implementation of Microcontroller-Based 30 Meter Running Speed ​​Test Equipment based on data obtained for the answer "Yes" with a percentage of 81.38% and "No" with a percentage of 18.62%. The results of the analysis of trial II obtained an average value implementation plan prototype digital step frequency measuring test tool based on data obtained for the answer "Yes" with a percentage of 86.08% and "No" with a percentage of 13.92%. The conclusion in this research is that the test tool developed is valid because the calculation uses a digital system.

Taking CarE of Your Self (Caring & Empathy Cyber Counseling)

Counseling can not only be carried out in person or face-to-face but can also be carried out online. Online counseling can make it easier for every user to get counseling services quickly and precisely. This study aims to produce online counseling applications. The research method used is Research and development (R and D) which has ten stages of research. The development procedure consists of the pre-development stage to determine the need for cyber-based counseling service applications, the development stage is the activity of compiling product drafts, making applications, and application content, and the post-development stage is the trial stage to perfect the product, which is carried out by expert validators, practitioner validators and product trials by users. This research resulted in an online counseling application called the CarE application, namely Caring & Empathy Cyber ??Counseling which contains 10 service menus, namely classical guidance, orientation services, information services, group counseling, individual counseling, group counseling, peer counseling, case conferences, and reinforcement of instrumentation applications and system support.

PERCEPTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY TOWARDS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY ON RURAL TOURISM SITES OF JORDAN

Tourism is one of the most effective solutions for overcoming poverty in rural areas. Jordan has many renowned tourist attractions situated in urban and rural areas. Tourism plays an integral role to boost the national economy of Jordan. In an increasingly globalized society, rural tourism is expected to rise, thus it is important to examine how the locals feel about tourism development. The study aims to examine how the locals in the rural areas of Jordan's Ajloun and Jerash governorates perceive the effects of tourism development. For the analyses, 395 households of data were used. Residents' attitudes toward the development of tourism have been evaluated using multiple regression along with descriptive statistics, both positively and negatively. IBM AMOS 22.0 has been used to complete the statistical analysis. The results indicated that tourism in the selected villages is in the pre-development stage and respondents strongly supported the development of the tourism industry because it creates jobs, attracts investment, and increases the value of agricultural products by creating a market. However, respondents expressed little concern about the adverse effects, such as the loss of traditional value, environmental degradation, pollution, and traffic congestion.

Modification of interactive multimedia with the ARA MODEL: study of development of football learning models in pandemic times

Background and Study Aim. The learning process is very important in education. Learning is a process of educational interaction designed to make students learn actively and be able to change their behavior through learning experiences. Learning was done online during the Covid-19 epidemic. As a result, educators must think creatively in order for material delivered to be understood through using interactive learning medium. This study intends to create a product in the form of interactive football multimedia for use in football courses as part of the learning process, particularly during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Materials and Methods . This study uses the research and development method developed by Borg and Gall. Where the stages are divided into 3, namely: (1) Pre-development stage, at this stage, conduct a needs analysis through a survey of the level of product needs for users, then prepare instruments and consult experts. (2) The development stage, developing a product that starts with designing the initial product and compiling the "Football Interactive Multimedia" script. Where in this study, there was a phase I trial of 30 students and a group II trial of 60 Medan State University Sports Science students. Furthermore, small group trials, stage I improvement, big group trials, stage II improvement, and mass production will be carried out. (3) The evaluation stage, product implementation, and product diffusion as a learning media tool for students. Results. The results showed that learning using interactive multimedia on soccer material is very good, with a percentage of 80%. The results obtained are due to the completeness of the material presented and the clarity of the material's explanation. where 15% said good and only 5% answered no. The results also show that the assessment of the media aspect gets a score of 4.46 or is included in the percentage of 80%. The results also show that the assessment of the media aspect scored 4.46 or entered the Very Good category. Furthermore, the material aspect has a score of 4.07, or in the Good category, and the learning aspect has a score of 4.36, or in the Very Good category. Next, the overall average score is 4.28, or in the Very Good category. Conclusions. It can be concluded from the results that the development of interactive multimedia ARA MODEL in soccer lectures is very feasible. Using interactive soccer multimedia as a learning model during a pandemic can increase students' understanding of basic techniques in soccer games. Keywords: Interactive Media, Soccer, ARA MODEL, Learning Model

Research on the game of fishermen's cooperative behavior in developing marine carbon sink fisheries from a complex network perspective

The development of marine carbon sink fisheries is both an important support to achieve the goal of net zero emissions as well as a hot topic concerning the livelihood of fishermen. Although it has been shown that there is great potential for carbon sinks in terms of environmental benefits, the lack of economic benefits in the short term is a hindrance that prevents marine carbon sink fisheries from being accepted by practitioners, especially fishermen groups. There is need to stimulate fishermen's enthusiasm for cooperative development of marine carbon sink fisheries and to promote marine carbon sink fisheries in order to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness. This paper adopts a complex network evolutionary game, based on the assumptions of WS small-world model on social network relationships, focuses on fishermen groups, and explores the dynamic evolutionary law of cooperative behavior diffusion in development of marine carbon sink fisheries. The results of the study show that (1) the government can accelerate the diffusion of cooperative behavior in the pre-development stage of marine carbon sink fisheries through subsidies, supplemented by certain punishments to curb the betrayal behavior, with the strength of the rewards and punishments dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the risks of implementation of marine carbon sink fisheries. (2) In the long term, higher value of marine carbon sink fisheries and their derived products is the essential demand of fishermen, which can effectively improve the depth of diffusion of fishermen's cooperation in developing marine carbon sink fisheries. (3) To avoid the spread of betrayal in the later stages of marine carbon sink fisheries development, the government can gradually reduce production subsidies and convert them into environmental subsidies in the sale process.

ASESMEN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK BERBASIS COMPUTER ASSISTED TESTING (CAT)

Information technology-based Bk assessment is a process of collecting, processing, analyzing, interpreting and reporting data or information by utilizing information and communication technology. Information and communication technology is able to facilitate and improve all assessment practices in schools. So that it can help improve the results of the validity and reliability of test results as well as provide an efficient and valid assessment of counseling alliances.This study uses a development model (Research and Development) with a procedural model that is descriptive describing the steps to produce a product. The product referred to in this development is the Computer Assisted Test (CAT) program on academic procrastination assessment. The applications that we will introduce are Google forms, Quizizz and Kahoot. the application of research and development is carried out through three stages; 1). Mode Pre-Development Stage, 2). Model development stage and 3). Model Implementation Stage.The results of the study show that the Computer Assisted Testing (CAT) based assessment is more optimal than the implementation of manual tests using paper. Because CAT is able to display dynamic and interactive visuals, icons, animations, and sounds. The score results can be directly seen by students and the counseling teacher can directly import the assessment results data from the platform used into the data storage system

Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Tata Boga bagi Murid Tunarungu

This research was conducted to identify the need for instructional media before the development of cooking video media. The results of this needs analysis will be the basis for making video materials for deaf students. Needs analysis needs to be done as part of the pre-development stage of the research and development (R&D) process, using research subjects of as many as 13 classroom teachers, as well as researchers conducting observations and collecting data through a google form questionnaire distributed via Whatsapp. Based on the research findings that to involve deaf students in the culinary learning process and generate a desire to learn, innovative learning media are needed so that deaf students can achieve maximum learning goals and improve learning outcomes.

Development Model of Participatory-Based Demographic Control in Marginalized Communities

Population density is positively correlated with fertility rates. Fertility is related to a woman's ability to reproduce. This study aims to: (1) What is the description of the participatory-based birth control counseling model for marginalized communities in Makassar City? (2) How to design a participatory-based birth control counseling model for marginalized communities in Makassar city? and (3) What is the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the participatory-based birth control counseling model for marginalized communities in Makassar? This research is a type of Research & Development (R&D) research that is structured referring to the development of the model from Borg & Gall, and the modified Four - D. The syntax consists of problem analysis; preparation of lesson plans; development of learning tools; product testing and dissemination. The subjects of this research are marginal communities in three sub-districts. In this study, the extension model disseminated expert validation, three trials, and discussion group forums to determine the model's effectiveness in its implementation. The results obtained from the data analysis are: (1) The extension model to control the demographic figures is based on the active participation of marginalized communities. This counseling model is equipped with tools in the form of a module book, namely the birth rate control module, the prosperous family marriage module, and the long-term contraceptive method. (2) The design of the extension model is carried out through three stages, namely the pre-development stage, the development stage, and the trial stage. (3) The extension model controlling the demographic figures has been tested for validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The test results show that the extension model is valid, practical, and effective to use. The findings of this study are included in the MAD extension model, which includes model books and module books. The MAD extension model is intended for BKKBN extension workers/cades to support the increased active participation of marginalized communities in controlling birth rates.

The transnational tales of an Indian creative producer: the case of Guneet Monga

ABSTRACT Studies of Indian cinema have traditionally placed more emphasis on directors, stars, aesthetics and issues of ideology than on the practices of creative producers. Although these are important concerns, the role of Indian producers deserves careful scholarly attention, especially in the context of transnational film projects, where producers are often involved from the pre-development stage through production and distribution. To address this problem, this article examines the production stories of an Indian creative producer, Guneet Monga (1983-), who is well-known for setting up Indian-European co-productions that deviate from contemporaneous spectacle-driven mainstream Bollywood productions. Through an in-depth personal interview with the producer herself and insights from film and media production studies, this article demonstrates how Monga’s micro-production stories reveal larger creative and collaborative practices that are transforming India’s independent film production culture and making it more transnational. This article shows that producers––the least researched figure in Indian film scholarship––gain several navigational tactics through transnational co-productions such as telling tales of tenacity, hustling and interpersonal networking, among others. These tactics, in turn, challenge the precarious conditions of working in the Bollywood-dominated film culture of India.

Development of Gradation Indicators for Achieving Competencies Specific Motion Skills Junior High School Floor Gymnastics

This research was motivated by the similarity of floor gymnastics learning materials delivered by physical education teachers at each grade level, not based on mapping basic competencies at each grade level. In addition, based on the results of the needs analysis, shows that 100% of junior high school physical education teachers in Hulu Sungai Utara District need guidance on learning floor gymnastics based on basic competency gradations for each grade level. The purpose of the study was to develop a gradation of indicators of the achievement of specific movement skills in floor gymnastics in junior high school. The research methods used are research and development, with development procedures; 1) the pre-development stage, and 2) the development stage, which is from needs analysis, product development, and product testing, to the creation of the final product development. The subjects of the study were physical education teachers in the North River Upper District, which numbered 31 teachers. The instrument used in this development research is a questionnaire, while the data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive analysis with percentages. The results of this development research based on product trials (expert tests, small group tests, and large group tests) resulted in the development of product indicators of gradation indicators of achievement of floor gymnastics-specific movement skills.

Learning Media Development Using Lectora Inspire for Social Science Subjects

This study aims to develop learning media for Lectora Inspire. This study used a research and development (R&D) method and was developed using the dick and carey model into 3 stages, namely the pre-development stage, product development and revision and evaluation trials. Based on the results of data analysis after the product has been validated by the validator, the final product has met the appropriate criteria with an average score of 3.78 for media experts, 3.78 for material experts, and 3.69 for learning design experts. very valid criteria. The results of students' responses to individual group trials were 89.3%, for medium group trials of 92.56% and teacher responses to field trials of 96.53%. Thus, the learning media Lectora Inspire developed is valid, practical and effective enough to be used in social studies learning.

OPTIMIZATION OF FOOD RATIONS USED FOR THE PRE-DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPECIES ACIPENSER BAERII (J.F. BRANDT, 1869) IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

Sturgeon farming is practiced in rearing systems with different types of fresh water, such as surface water, depth water (including geothermal water) and industrial water. If at the beginning of twentieth century sturgeon farming was successfully applied in ponds, nowadays, with the need for quantitative and qualitative productions imposed by the principles of economic viability in the context of ensuring the norms of the European Union, high intensity recirculating rearing systems have been developed. Nutrition plays a central role in sustainable aquaculture and, as a result, research on food resources as well as production costs continues to dominate aquaculture worldwide. According to literature, sturgeon fingerlings with a length of 2,5 – 12,5 cm require a daily ration of 5 - 7% of body weight per day. The optimization of feeding rations for Acipenser baerii related to the pre-development stage in a recirculating aquaculture system was carried out accordingly by following the biotechnological indicators (especially the growth increase) which indicate a favourable growth rate of the biomass.

COVID-19 vaccine: Potential candidates, achievements, and challenges

Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] disease, has engulfed more than 2.4 million people and still counting. As this pandemic is at its peak and is responsible for more than 100 million infected people worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to stop the COVID-19 disease. More than 220 vaccine candidates are in the pre-development stage while 15 candidates are in the developmental stage, from which Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and some other vaccines have received approval by some countries for emergency use only. Fever, tiredness, headache, joint pain, swelling at the injection site and some other common effects have been found by using these vaccines. Efficacy, rapid mass production, and long-term immunity as well as acceptance of vaccination by society are the main challenges in developing a safe vaccine against COVID-19 despite the fact that some vaccines have over 90% efficiency against COVID-19 and are useful in developing immunity as well.

Built Environment Professionals Awareness Towards Crime Prevention Criteria In Malaysian Housing Development

The crime rates increase yearly concurrent with the growth of the Malaysian population. Without considering the comfortable and safe environment during the pre-development stage, housing development will increase the Malaysian crime rate. The built environment professionals know well the crime prevention criteria that should consider by housing developers. This paper examines the relationship between crime prevention criteria and awareness of built environment professionals in Malaysian housing development. The crime prevention criteria are layout design, building design, parking, access and walkways, landscape and urban design elements, lighting, safety equipment, management and maintenance, community and occupant attitude. The data collection chose quantitative methodology. In total, 191 built environment professionals working with developers registered under the Real Estate and Housing Developers Association of Malaysia (REHDA) were involved in this study. In total, the further analysis used 191 sets of questionnaires. This study's main findings are the lighting and occupant attitude significantly contribute to crime prevention that built environment professionals considered to implement in Malaysian housing.