Pre-crisis State Research Articles

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНИХ КОРПОРАЦІЙ: УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ

The study is devoted to the generalization of experience and the development of scientifically based applied recommendations for managing the development of state joint-stock companies. Abstract-logical, systemic-structural and comparative analysis, grouping, statistical-economic, systematization and generalization methods were used for the research. Retrospective analysis made it possible to establish that in Ukraine, the joint-stock form of management was developed with the adoption of a legislative framework, which was developed using experience and information on legal foundations in economically developed countries. The grouping of signs regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the management joint-stock form was carried out, and the most significant ones were determined. A comparison of corporate governance outsider and insider models as the most frequently used in the countries of the world is made. Characterization of these models’ elements made it possible to establish significant discrepancies. The Ukrainian model of corporate governance uses elements of outsider and insider models, which reflects its specificity, including in the legislative framework. The provisions of the Ukraine new Law «On Joint-Stock Companies», effective from 01.01.2023, required changes to bring the management of corporations closer to international norms, which was implemented in the newest legislative framework from 03.05.2024. With the use of official statistical data, the dynamics of the decrease in the number of state-owned enterprises, their structure according to organizational and legal forms, and insignificant financial results of activity have been established. The rating of state corporations by the size of the share capital showed that the largest joint stock companies belong to the energy sector, as well as transport and communication. Of the TOP-5 state corporations, only three enterprises pay dividends according to the established norm, but all entities have mostly low-level financial indicators. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of management and results of state corporations on the basis of taking into account detailed external and internal factors of the precrisis state, as well as the introduction of an anti-crisis management mechanism, the components of which differ depending on the state of the economy. In particular, the developed external and internal factors are recommended to be used in the period of a stable state of the economy, in the period of the pre-crisis state - measures for the recovery or restructuring of joint-stock companies, and in the conditions of a crisis state - an anti-crisis strateg

THE ROLE OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE

The subject of the study is agroindustrial associations and their role in the industrial agriculture of Ukraine. During the study the following research methods were used: empirical, theoretical methods, as well as observation, analysis and synthesis. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the enterprises-participants of agro-industrial associations to identify positive or negative trends in the sustainable development of their activities and to provide suggestions for their further effective development. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the need to ensure food security of Ukraine, which can be supported primarily by enterprises of agro-industrial complex. The study analyzed the volume of products produced by agricultural enterprises and compared the size of the costs of agricultural production and the amount of net profit of enterprises. It was concluded that the sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises has declined. To improve these indicators, the authors proposed a number of measures that would help enterprises to get out of the pre-crisis state, namely, state support in various manifestations. The study "Support for Agrarian and Rural Development" within the framework of the project of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was also taken into account. The study examined in detail the external and internal negative factors affecting on the activities of agro-industrial associations.

Resilience amongst the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Many old people live with challenges, poor health and hardship in their life. In spite of the crisis and losses, they tend to experience low impact as compared to the general population, which may be accounted to their resilience. Resilience is achieving the same level of functional ability as such of the pre-crisis state. A study was conducted online to assess resilience amongst the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in a selected rural community area, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India. A descriptive research design was used. The sample size was 67. Convenient sampling technique was adopted. The demographic profile and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-25 were used as data collection instruments. Many older people showed moderate levels of resilience, and the mean score was 57.86. Gender and educational status and family income were significantly associated with resilience.

Personal Resilience Can Be Well Estimated from Heart Rate Variability and Paralinguistic Features during Human-Robot Conversations.

Mental health is as crucial as physical health, but it is underappreciated by mainstream biomedical research and the public. Compared to the use of AI or robots in physical healthcare, the use of AI or robots in mental healthcare is much more limited in number and scope. To date, psychological resilience—the ability to cope with a crisis and quickly return to the pre-crisis state—has been identified as an important predictor of psychological well-being but has not been commonly considered by AI systems (e.g., smart wearable devices) or social robots to personalize services such as emotion coaching. To address the dearth of investigations, the present study explores the possibility of estimating personal resilience using physiological and speech signals measured during human–robot conversations. Specifically, the physiological and speech signals of 32 research participants were recorded while the participants answered a humanoid social robot’s questions about their positive and negative memories about three periods of their lives. The results from machine learning models showed that heart rate variability and paralinguistic features were the overall best predictors of personal resilience. Such predictability of personal resilience can be leveraged by AI and social robots to improve user understanding and has great potential for various mental healthcare applications in the future.

СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ СФЕРИ ГОСТИННОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

The tourism industry and the hotel and restaurant sector have suffered the most among all sectors of the economy. Thus, it is important to determine the current circumstances and effective tools for its development in order to return to the pre-crisis state and further sustainable operation. The purpose of the study. Systematization of analytical information on the current state of the hospitality industry, determination of strategic priorities and a set of measures to restore sustainable activities and strengthen the competitiveness of the domestic hospitality industry in the national and international market. Research methods. In the process of scientific work were used general and special methods of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction, statistical analysis, analogy and quantitative and qualitative comparison. Research hypothesis. It is assumed that the development of hospitality as a component of the tourism industry should be based on a set of theoretical principles, historical background and current circumstances of business development in this area at the national and international levels. Presentation of the main material. Most of the problems of the national hospitality sector are outdated; modern conditions of activity of hospitality enterprises are formed under the influence of factors (pandemic, global informatization, change of competitive determinants and deepening of specialization); the strategic priorities for the development of the hospitality sector include the concentration of efforts to: protect their own interests by joining the relevant professional associations, informatization of all areas of work, active cooperation with institutions of higher education and greening of facilities and services offered to customers. Originality and practical significance of the study: the results presented in the study are relevant for consideration and practical implementation for any enterprise in the hospitality industry of Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Сompliance with the recommendations will allow hospitality companies to stay in the regional and domestic tourism market, strengthen their competitiveness and offer services of good quality not only domestic but also foreign tourists.

The Economy of the Border Municipalities of Finland in the Post-Crisis Years

The 2008–2009 crisis and the subsequent euro zone crisis dealt a serious blow to the Finnish economy. 2009 was marked by a significant reduction in the country's GDP, an increase in unemployment, and an increase in public debt. In the following years, Finland did not experience stable economic growth, and in 2014, mutual sanctions between Russia and the EU made their contribution. It was only in 2016 that the country began its systematic return to its pre-crisis state. Finnish municipalities bordering Russia since the 1990’s. the twentieth century is the least economically developed part of the country, which at the same time is most closely connected with our country due to its geographical location. In this regard, in this article, the author considered the economic situation of these municipalities on the basis of available official statistics. It was found that the dynamics of the considered indicators most often correlate with what was happening in the country as a whole. In 2014–2015, no special negative consequences from counter-sanctions on the part of our country were revealed. The exception was the indicators related to the service sector of border municipalities, which in 2014–2015 were noticeably worse than the average for Finland.

Assessment of industrial and financial indicators of JSC “NC “KTZ” as the basis of stragic development of transport and logistic infrastructure in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the article is to study the production and financial performance indicators of JSC “NC “KTZ” as the basis for the strategic development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The method of assessment of financial coefficients of the company is studied. The official documents that regulate the activities of the national company are investigated. On the basis of statistical data and reports of the company, using the method of financial analysis conducted research activities of JSC “NC “KTZ”. The analysis of the liquidity of the balance sheet of JSC “NC “KTZ” showed that the state of financial stability of the company can be assessed as a pre-crisis state. In conclusion, the main problems and recommendations for the sustainable development of the national company are noted. Determining the financial stability of the holding on the basis of the coefficient method made it possible to establish that the autonomy coefficient, which characterizes the independence of the enterprise from borrowed funds, tends to decrease. This indicates that the company's financial strength is declining and its dependence on external creditors is increasing. The problem of insufficient focus of planning on achieving financial results can be solved by introducing mechanisms for adjusting production and sales indicators based on monitoring their effectiveness. In particular, these are: determination of key performance indicators, preliminary optimization of plans by the criterion of profit maximization, search for additional reserves to reduce fixed costs based on the analysis of indicators of competing companies, control over the implementation of plans by the criterion of achieving target performance indicators.

Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis—Retailers and Regional Resilience in Würzburg, Germany

Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of Würzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers’ level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of Würzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to “bounce back” to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers’ strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.

The development of Russian tourism market: problems and potential

The downturn in tourism sector due to the COVID-2020 pandemic requires active measures taken by the governments towards reorientation of national tourism markets towards domestic tourism. The subject of this article is the economic health of tourism. The object is the tourism market of the Russian Federation. The article is dedicated to statistical analysis of the Russian tourism market. The research methodology is based on the systematic approach towards management. Using the official data of Rosstat, the author examines the 2014 – 2019 period of development of the tourism market. The analysis of the results of 2020 is conducted via using relevant statistical data and expert evaluations published by the recognized organizations. Description is given to the current concept of tourism market, adopted by Rosstat for data collection. The author provides the results of comparison of the official statistical data that reflect the situation and trends in the development of Russian tourism market over the period from 2014 to 2019. Assessment is given to the long-term trends that determine the pre-crisis state of the tourism market. The conclusion is made on the growth of tourism market in the indicated period. The article reveals the peculiarities of consumer behavior developed in the market by the end of 2019. Sustained imbalance of the demand for international tourism is observed. The key outcome of the crisis for tourism sector 2020 are presented in form of comparison of numerical data in the beginning and in the end of the year. The trends established in the behavior of consumers and companies are described. The author underlines the need for comprehensive management of the market in order to fulfill the potential of domestic tourism.

Реінжинірингові механізми в системі управління бізнес-процесами підприємств

Анотація. За останні роки ситуація істотно змінилася: ринкова система управління змінила адміністративну, підприємства і окремі працівники отримали доступ до досягнень технологічної, електронної та інформаційної революцій, вступили в конкурентні відносини. В результаті змін, що відбулися сучасні підприємства отримали не тільки нові можливості, але й численні проблеми, які потребують реалізації структурних змін в вигляді реінжинірингу бізнес-процесів відповідно до вимог домінуючих економічних, технологічних і соціальних тенденцій розвитку сучасної економіки.
 Використання реінжинірингу в якості основи для розробки моделі адміністрування бізнес-процесів підприємства вимагає докорінного перегляду традиційних основ побудови підприємства і його організаційної культури. Такі суттєві зміни вимагають використання, як спеціальних принципів, так і певних організаційних та економічних умов. Особливої актуальності в рамках розроблюваної моделі адміністрування представляє перепроектування внутрішньої структури управління бізнес-процесів для сучасних підприємств, що знаходяться в кризовому або передкризовому стані.
 Метою даної статті є формування реінжинірингових механізмів в системі управління бізнес-процесами підприємств в сучасних вимогах світових стандартів ринку.
 Підґрунтям для формування ефективної системи виробничих процесів є спеціальне програмне забезпечення (реінжинірингові механізми) організації спільної роботи в локаціях підприємства. За допомогою ефективної організації системи виробничих процесів, використовуючи засоби електронних повідомлень та процес маршрутизації, існує можливість організувати прямий обмін інформаціє про результати роботи між учасниками бізнес-процесу. Функції контролювання за виконанням бізнес-процесу належать керівництву підприємства, з обов’язковою участю підрядників для завершення повного автоматизованого виробничого циклу.
 Авторами в статті детально розглянуто процес використання ІТ-технологій в процесі формування реінжинірингових механізмів в системі управління бізнес-процесами підприємств. В статті визначено відмінність формування реінжинірингових механізмів в системі управління бізнес-процесами підприємств та автоматизації їх діяльності.
 У статті виокремлено, що формування реінжинірингових механізмів в системі управління бізнес-процесами підприємств характеризується: чітко визначеним початком і кінцем; впливом зовнішніх факторів, які або пов'язують його з іншими бізнес-процесами на підприємстві, або описують вихід у зовнішнє середовище; послідовність виконання функцій та правила їх виконання (ділові правила).
 Ключові слова: реінжиніринг, підприємства, бізнес-процеси, IT-технології, управління, реінжиніринговий механізм.

РАЗВИТИЕ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ВЕРОЯТНОСТИ БАНКРОТСТВА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ФИНАНСОВОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ БИЗНЕСА

Forecasting is one of the most important stages in planning future policies to ensure economic security. And countering the financial insolvency of an enterprise should begin with predicting the risk of this phenomenon. The risk of bankruptcy is predicted using domestic and foreign models for predicting potential threats to the organization's financial security. However, many of these models are outdated or not focused on the conditions of our country's economy, which affects the reliability of the results obtained and the effectiveness of decisions based on them. In this regard, there is an increased need to develop new models for identifying signs of bankruptcy and the pre-crisis state of the organization, which could form a more reliable opinion about the financial condition of the object for rapid measures to bring the business out of a crisis or unfavorable state.

Vegetative status of children as a territorial bio-indicator of ecological safety

Vegetative status of children as a territorial bio-indicator of ecological safety

Studies of the current state of anthropogenic transformation of the young river landscape of the Prut river (within Chernivtsi region)

Studies of the current state of anthropogenic transformation of the young river landscape of the Prut river (within Chernivtsi region)

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AT THE POPULATION OF THE ARAL SEA REGION

The Aral Sea region is considered one of the crisis regions of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the severity of the current unfavorable situation, the impact of desertification and environmental pollution on human health, the territory in the Aral Sea region is divided into zones: disaster; crisis; pre-crisis state. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea. As part of the implementation of the Programme «Integrated approaches in managing the health of the population of the Aral Sea region», clinical and functional studies of the adult population of the territory of the Aral Sea region were conducted in the settlements of three zones: disaster (Aralsk, Aiteke-bi, Shalkar), crisis (Zhalagash, Zhosaly, Shieli), pre-crisis condition (Irgiz, Ulytau, Arys). Atasu village of Karaganda region was chosen for control. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of diseases in the studied regions with the control region was carried out by the magnitude of relative risks. The data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea region are presented. It was noted that the relative risk of diseases of the circulatory system with a statistically significant difference in magnitude c2 varied to 3.8 in the disaster zone, to 2.6 in the crisis zone and to 1.7 in the pre-crisis zone. Determining the relative risk of this pathology in the population of the disaster zone are coronary heart disease associated with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension associated with atherosclerosis of vessels., which indicates a high risk of coronary heart disease with vascular atherosclerosis and vascular atherosclerosis among diseases of the circulatory system.

МЕТОДИКА ЦИФРОВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРЕДКРИЗИСНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

As a result of the study, the author's method of digital diagnostics of the pre-crisis state of industrial enterprises was developed, based on the calculated discriminant function D = 0,006 X1 + 1,154 X2 + 0,412 X3 + 3,715 X4. The model includes the following factor indicators: economic level of technology (X1); asset turnover ratio (X2); current liquidity ratio (X3); return on equity ratio (X4). The main difference and advantage of the developed model is that it takes into account all the main determinants of economic efficiency and safety of industrial enterprises, including the technical and technological component.

The History of the Development of Literary Tatar Language in the 20th Century (Based on the Example of the Language of Literary Works)

The 20th century was marked by the dramatic changes in all the spheres of mankind activity including culture. One of the manifestations of culture is the literary language, which is a historical category: the degree of its processing and normalization may not be the same in different periods of its development. The twentieth century is characterized by the rapid development of national literary languages, including Tatar. The development of the Tatar national literary language in the twentieth century must be regarded as a holistic historical-literary and historical-linguistic cycle that has certain periods. The end of the twentieth century allows us to try to see this cycle in a comprehensive manner and to determine the processes that guided its development. This article considers one of the fundamental problems of studying the functioning and development of the artistic style of the Tatar literary language in the twentieth century ˗ the question of its periodization. We have revealed that compared with the previous centuries the Tatar literary language of the twentieth century, underwent significant changes that affected all levels of the language state. Given the extra- and endolinguistic factors the authors propose four periods of its development in the order of the working hypothesis. The study showed that in the twentieth century it is possible to single out the periods where the lexical-stylistic changes appearing most clearly in the language of works of art. Each period is marked by socio-economic and political conditions that have influenced the development of the language design of the artistic style of the Tatar language. At the same time, the development of the Tatar literary language in the twentieth century to some extent confirms the hypothesis that the pre-crisis state of society promotes the flowering of culture.

Region Innovation Potential as a Factor of Sustainable Development

The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of innovation activity as a factor of economic development and its sustainability. It reveals that economic instability can affect the investment climate, as well as cause significant slowdown of the innovation process. It points out the differences in adaptation processes in regions, which are reflected in the pace and direction of innovation implementation. An assessment of the innovation potential of a resource-type region was carried out based on indicative method and a set of criteria which were divided into five groups. The groups are formed according to scientific, technical, personnel, financial and resulting components. The analysis revealed that the resulting component is in a pre-crisis state, which is determined by the small number of active enterprises introducing innovation technologies and a small share of innovative products. It was noted that the technical and personnel components are in a normal state, and the financial component is in the state of crisis. It was concluded that there exists a sufficiently high innovation potential in the basic sectors of the industrial region. The debatable results of any assessments of the innovation potential and its impact on the sustainability of socio-economic development are underlined.

Assessment of Availability of Consumer Loans in the Regions of Russia

Introduction The development of Russia's banking sector has been very uneven in the recent 15 years. Major crises in the economy (for example, the crises of 1998 and 2008) led to the bankruptcy of some largest banks. The economic reform, which has been undertaken lately, opened a new stage and goals in the development of the banking system. The pre-crisis state of the economy stimulates an increase in the number of loans granted to individuals, i.e., consumer loans. Consumer loan is one of the most common types of banking activities in developed Western countries. It should be mentioned that the scope of application of consumer loans is significant, as they are used not only to buy durable goods, such as cars, appliances, etc. For example, buying property in installments is basically also one of the varieties of long-term consumer loans; current purchases made with credit cards are not inferior to the use of consumer loans, as far as large purchases are concerned. Consumer loans are very widespread in industrialized countries primarily because owing to the use of this technique to finance purchases market capacity on a range of consumer goods and real estate is greatly increasing. Without limiting the preceding, in ongoing conditions availability of credit resources of commercial banks is very appealing to individuals, as there is a tendency of decreasing the key interest rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. It has been 10% since 19 September 2016. The results of the research can be used to smooth out the uneven availability of credit resources in different regions of Russia and, as a result, their unbalanced development, as well as for the balanced development of the Russian economy on the whole. Data and Methods Consumer credit market in Russia is going through lean times (Natocheeva and Rusanov, 2016; Molodyko, 2015; Gerzelieva, 2016; Rusanov et al., 2015; Sharma, 2014; Sibirskaya et al., 2016). This is evident from the data presented in Figure 1. According to the Bank of Russia, there was a significant reduction in the volume of loans in January 2015 compared to January 2016, and this figure fell by 6.4%. The largest volume of loans was provided in January 2015 (11,028,783 mln. roubles), and then gradually decreased until it reached the minimum of 10,318,928 mln. roubles in April 2016. According to Figure 1, we can also notice a slight increase in the cost of loans granted to individuals. Thus, in July 2016 individuals received loans for a total amount of 10,365,553 mln. roubles. As far as the volume of loans granted in foreign currency is concerned, a negative dynamics can be traced there as well (Figure 2). The drop in volume of loans is not as rapid as the one in the national currency. For example, in February 2015 the volume of loans increased by 19.9% and amounted to 360,690 mln roubles in comparison with January of the same year, which is the highest value in the period from January 2015 to July 2016. The lowest value was recorded in July 2016 and amounted to 207,365 mln roubles. The slowdown in growth of the loan market to individuals is to a greater extent due to the financial crisis in 2014, which resulted in a decrease in personal income, rising prices, weakening the rouble as well as an increase in interest rates. One reason for the decrease in the volume of loans to individuals is the loss of credibility to consumers (Sysoeva, 2015; Tursunov, Sergeyeva, 2016; Arslan-Ayaydin et al., 2014; Nechaev and Antipina, 2016), which is caused by an increase in the number of loans to cover arrears. Thus, according to Fig. 3, it can be inferred that the share of loans to cover arrears over 90 days, granted in roubles, increased by 7.9% in January 2015 and by 10.5% in January 2016. However, this indicator reached its maximum of 10.9% in March 2016 and dropped by 0.3% and amounted to 10.6% in August 2016. Consequently, the volume of outstanding loans to individuals formed a steady downward trend. …

Correlation factors of 127 times pre-crisis state in patients with myasthenia gravis

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of the Pre-Crisis State and analyze the correlated risk factors of Pre-Crisis State of myasthenia crisis. Methods: We included 93 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) who experienced 127 times Pre-Crisis State between October 2007 and July 2016. Those patients were hospitalized in the MG specialize center, Department of Neurological Science, first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The information of the general situation, the clinical manifestations and the blood gas analysis in those patients were collected using our innovated clinical research form. Statistic methods were applied including descriptive analysis, univariate logistic analysis, multivariate correlation logistic analysis, etc. Results: (1)The typical features of MG Pre-Crisis State included: dyspnea (127 times, 100% not requiring intubation or non-invasive ventilation), bulbar-muscle weakness (121 times, 95.28%), the increased blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) (94 times, 85.45%), expectoration weakness (99 times, 77.95%), sleep disorders (107 times, 84.25%) and the infection (99 times, 77.95%). The occurrence of dyspnea in combination with bulbar-muscle weakness (P=0.002) or the increased blood PCO(2) (P=0.042) often indicated the tendency of crisis. (2) The MG symptoms which were proportion to the occurrence of crisis includes: bulbar-muscle weakness (P=0.028), fever (P=0.028), malnutrition (P=0.066), complications (P=0.071), excess oropharyngeal secretions (P=0.005) and the increased blood PCO(2) (P=0.007). The perioperative period of thymectomy would not increase the risk of crisis. Conclusions: Dyspnea indicates the occurrence of the Pre-Crisis State of MG. In order to significantly reduce the morbidity of myasthenia crisis, the bulbar-muscle weakness, the increased blood PCO(2), expectoration weakness, sleep disorders, infection & fever and excess oropharyngeal secretions should be treated timely.

Interethnic Tension in Russia and Europe

This article examines the pre-crisis (2014–2016) state of interethnic relations in Russia and European countries and takes into account Russian scholarship on this subject. Interethnic tensions are treated as a socio-psychological characteristic reflecting an imbalance in relationships that result from heightened conflict among ethnic groups. Respondents’ attitudes toward migrants entering their country are used to shed light on interethnic tensions in Russia and Europe.Our data come from the European Social Survey (ESS). We examine such indicators of interethnic tension as respondents’ attitudes toward the movement of immigrants into their countries and their assessments of the changes such immigrants bring. By identifying analogues of these indicators, we were able to design an interethnic-tension index that enables comparisons across European countries.The article identifies the countries where interethnic tensions were, at the time the study was conducted, least (Scandinavia) and most pronounced (Cyprus, Russia, the Czech Republic, Portugal, and Hungary). The greatest tension was found among members of the old and young age groups and among women and respondents with the least education, least income, and who reside in rural areas.Among the main causes of interethnic tension (cultural features of interacting ethnic groups) we identified other factors that consistently affect the level of tensions: per capita GDP, the proportion of immigrants within the overall population, the number of immigrants arriving within the past five years, trust in people, and type of employment.