Pre-and Post-emergence Herbicides Research Articles

Assessing the compatibility of pre-and post-emergence herbicides with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on performance of soybean

Assessing the compatibility of pre-and post-emergence herbicides with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on performance of soybean

Presumption of Herbicide Resistant Weeds and Yield of Boro Rice as Influenced by Pre- and Post-emergence Herbicides

In Bangladesh, weed infestation is a leading problem in rice cultivation and the sole dependency on post-emergence herbicides is ineffective. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from December 2021 to May 2022. The study was done to determine the relative effectiveness of different pre-emergence herbicides and to presume the herbicide-resistant weeds and yield of boro rice as influenced by pre-and post-emergence herbicides. Four rice varieties: BAU dhan3 (V1), BRRI dhan28 (V2), BRRI dhan81 (V3), BRRI dhan96 (V4) and six herbicide managements: Control (H1), Hand Weeding at 30 DAT (H2), Bensulfuron methyl @ 980 g ha-1 (H3), Pretilachlor @ 2 L ha-1 (H4), Carfentrazon ethyl @ 208 mL ha-1 (H5), Ethoxisulfuron @ 200 g ha-1 (H6) were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The most dominant weed species in the experimental plots were Echinochloa crussgalli, Scirpus mucronatus, Monochoria hastata, Enhydra fluctuans and Oxalis europaea. This study found Ethoxisulfuron (H6) and Carfentrazon ethyl (H5) were the most effective weed management treatments for weed suppression and grain yield at twice the recommended doses. In this study, the highest grain yield (5.40 t ha-1), straw yield (6.80 t ha-1) and biological yield (12.20 t ha-1) were obtained from BRRI dhan81 (V3) with hand weeding (H2) and highest harvest index (45.60%) were obtained from BAU dhan3 (V1) with Pretilachlor (H4). Therefore, this result is useful for farmers at field level cultivation of boro rice.

Efficacy of Sequential Applications of Pendimethalin 500 EC (Pendimight®) and Oxyfluofen 240 EC (Harris®) for Weed Control in Direct Seeded Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Sudan

A field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin 500 EC (trade name: Pendimight®) and oxyfluorfen 240 EC (trade name: Harris®) to control weeds in direct-seeded onion (Allium cepa L.). Pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen were applied solely at reduced rates (1.35 and 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1), and at the recommended rates (1.8 and 0.25 kg a.i. ha-1) as pre-and post-emergence herbicides, respectively. Both herbicides were also applied sequentially at the same doses. Ten weeks after sowing (WAS), the application of pendimethalin alone provided better weed control (62% - 65%) than oxyfluorfen alone (33% - 43%) when they were applied at the lower and recommended rates, respectively. Sequential applications of the two herbicides as pre-and post-emergence herbicides, outperformed applications of the two herbicides alone, and resulted in the best weed control (79% to 85%), lowest weed dry weight (18.35 to 35.60 g.m-2), significantly increased plant height and the number of leaves per plant, and resulted in a ten-fold higher onion yield (24.64 to 26.37 t. ha-1) compared with the Un-weeded control (2.27 t. ha-1). There were no significant differences observed between the treatments on the emergence (%) of onion seeds and the survival of onion seedlings. Sequential applications of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen is a promising techniques for weed control in direct-seeded onions in Sudan.

Bio-Efficacy of Pre-and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Growth, Productivity, Nodulation of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Coastal Plain of Odisha

Background: Weeds compete with plants for resources during cultivation and the control of weeds during the critical period of crop-weed competition is crucial to avoid yield loss ranging from 50%-90% in black gram. The first 4-5 weeks are critical for black gram crop-weed competition. The composition of weed flora, the duration of crop-weed competition and its intensity significantly impact yield losses in black gram cultivation. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate weed management practices in rabi black gram, with a focus on identifying herbicides that enhance weed control, increase productivity and profitability. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 consecutively at Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. The field experiment comprised of eight treatments on different herbicide applications as T1- Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 65 g a.i. ha-1, T2- Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, T3-Cyhalofop-butyl @ 75 g a.i. ha-1, T4-Pendimethalin @ 750 g a.i. ha-1, T5- Oxyflourfen @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, T6- Tembotrione @ 120 g a.i. ha-1, T7- Weed check (control) and T8- Weed free, which was laid under randomised block design. Collected samples were analyzed in the field and laboratory for crop-weed competition, herbicide phytotoxicity and yield attributes. Result: The results revealed that weed-free treatment recorded the lowest weed population (5.27-5.45), weed dry weight (1.35g-2.20 g) and lowest weed index (0.00%) at all growth stages followed by pendimethalin (PE) application. Among yield attributes, weed-free treatment recorded the highest plant height (cm) which was at par with pendimethalin (PE) followed by cyhalofop-butyl (PoE) application. The magnitude of seed yield was increased under weed-free (1035.46 kg ha-1) and pendimethalin (PE) and cyhalofop-butyl (PoE) applications by 53.62% and 48.40%, respectively over the weedy check. Application of tembotrione recorded the highest herbicide phytotoxicity (5.3-7.6) over the rest of the treatments. It can be concluded that the application of pendimethalin 30 EC 750 g ha-1 as PE at 2 DAS followed by cyhalofop-butyl 10 EC 75 g ha-1 can be advisable for better weed control, lower herbicide phytotoxicity and higher yield.

Weed management in broadcast sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through sequential application of herbicides

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sequntial application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of broadcast sesame on sandy loam soils. Eleven weed managementpractices consisting of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha, oxyfluorfen @ 75g/ha and oxadiargyl @ 75g/ha alone and sequential application ofthese pre-emergence herbicides followed by post-emergenceapplication of quizalofop @ 50g/ha and propaquizafop @ 60g/ha including two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded check were compared in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that thelowest density and dry weight ofweeds with lesser weed index were recorded in the plots treated with pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 75g/ha followed by quizalofop @ 50 g/ha applied at 20 DAS. The same weedmanagement practice recorded significantly higher stature of growth parameters and yield attributes. The increase in seed yield of sesame was 38.0 per cent with sequential application of oxyfluorfen @ 75g/ha followed byquizalofop @ 50 g/ha applied at 20 DAS compared to unweeded check. Heavy weed infestation in unweeded check plots resulted in incresed weed nutrient uptake upto 44.6, 5.6 and 34.0 kg of N, P and K/ha, respectively. Oxadiargyland oxyfluorfen @ 75 g/ha each showed phytotoxicity score of '4' and '3' respectively in 0 to 10 scale. Pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 75 g/ha followed by propaquizafop @ 60g/ha applied at 20 DAS recorded the highest benefit-cost ratio.

Efficiency of post-emergence herbicides for enhancing growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays) in Kandahar, Afghanistan

A field experiment was conducted at research farm of the Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan, in randomized complete- block (RCBD) design during summer 2017, to evaluate the effect of post-emergence (PoE) herbicides in maize (Zea mays L.). Results revealed that sequential application of atrazine @ 1,500 g/ha as pre-emergence followed by (fb) tembotrione @ 120 g/ha as post emergence (PoE) 25 days after sowing (DAS) recorded significantly higher plant height and leaf-area index at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), while dry-matter accumulation and the yield attributes as grains/row, grain/cob and grain weight/cob at harvesting stages. Weed infestation in hybrid maize caused 35.8% yield loss compared to weed-free control. Application of the weed-management treatments increased the maize yield by 35.2% (11.6 – 51.2) over unweeded check. Significantly higher grain yield (6.50 t/ha) was recorded with sequential application of atrazine (1,500 g/ha) as pre-emergence followed by tembotrione (120 g/ha) at 25 DAS, which was at par with pendimethalin (1,000 ml/ha) as pre-emergence followed by atrazine (750 g/ha) + 2,4-D amine (400 g/ha) at 25 DAS as PoE (6.21.3 t/ha) and atrazine (1,500 g/ha) as pre-emergence fb 2,4-D amine (400 g/ha) at 25 DAS (6.12 t/ha). Therefore, the sequential application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides could be opted for enhancing growth and yield and weed control of hybrid maize in Afghanistan and similar ecologies.

Efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed dynamics, growth and yield of soybean

Efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed dynamics, growth and yield of soybean

Effect of Pre-and Post-Emergence Herbicides Application on Weed Flora, Yield, and Economics in Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.)

Nowadays labor charges have significantly increased the production cost of maize in India. Hence, to overcome this problem a field experiment entitled “Effect of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed flora, yield and economics in Kharif maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted at Crop Research Center, ITM University, Gwalior during the Kharif season of 2021. The texture of the experimental field was sandy loam, having a pH of 7.6, organic carbon of 0.34, and available N, P2O5, and K2O of 164, 19.6 and 416.7 kg/ha, respectively. The field experiment was laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with nine treatments and three replications. The results showed that among the herbicide treatments a significant reduction in the total weed density and dry matter of different weed flora were recorded with Atrazine 50% WP 1000 g/ha PE fb Topramezone 33.6% SC 25.2 g/ha POE, and found at par with Metribuzin 70% WP 400 g/ha fb Topramezone 33.6% SC 25.2 g/ha. Concerning the yield of maize, Atrazine 50% WP PE fb Topramezone 33.6% SC POE 1000 fb 25.2 g/ha, recorded significantly higher values of grain yield and stover yield of maize, as compared to other herbicide treatments. It may be concluded that Atrazine 50% WP1000 g/ha PE fb Topramezone 33.6% SC 25.2 g/ha POE, recorded highest WCE (91.25%) and superior with respect to grain yield of maize (5365 kg/ha) and economics (Net return Rs. 84377 and BCR Rs. 2.36) over all the weed control treatments.

Influence of soil cover and herbicide application on weed control and corn yield

Crop management and herbicide rotation have influenced the sustainability of production systems. The cover crops use and pre-and post-emergence herbicides are important tools that help farmers’ strategies and conserve the agricultural system. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry matter production of different cover crops before the establishment of corn, the effect on decreasing weed population, and the increase in corn yield. In addition, the influence of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on summer cultivation, observing the behavior concerning weeds, crop injury, and crop yield. The experiment was conducted during the years 2018-2019 in Sertão/RS - Brazil. The experimental arrangement was of randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments used were three different winter cover crops preceding corn cultivation × four preemergence herbicides × four post-emergence herbicides, totaling 192 experimental units. Going through the results, atrazine and atrazine + simazine used in pre-emergence had more influence on weed number reduction, and the post-emergence ammonium glufosinate herbicide promoted the highest weed control in post-emergence. Amicarbazone and glyphosate resulted in the best combination for corn yield using in pre-and post-emergence, respectively. Rye + turnip + vetch as cover crop resulted in higher biomass production, more significant weed number reduction, and increase corn yield.

Weed Control Efficiency and Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Pre and Post- Emergence herbicides

The present investigation entitled “Weed control efficiency and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” under Pre-and Post-Emergence Herbicides”was carried out at student research farm, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam texture with normal pH and electrical conductivity, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments comprising T1 (Control), T2 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 28 days after sowing (DAS), T3 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 42 days after sowing (DAS), T4 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 56 days after sowing (DAS), T5 (Pendimethalin 750 ml), T6 (Pendimethalin 750 ml + T2 ), T7 (Pendimethalin750 ml + T3 ), T8 (Pendimethalin 750 ml + T4 ), T9 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml), T10 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T2 ), T11 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T3 ), T12 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T4 ) replicated thrice. From the experiment it was observed that T10 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T2 ) was found most effective in controlling weed population, dry matter accumulation of weeds and produced higher grain yield, straw yield and weed control efficiency than T7 , T8 , T5 , T3 , T4 and least were in T1. Treatment T10 remained at par in terms of growth and yield attributes to T11, T12, T9 , T6 , T2 and was significantly better than T3 , T4 , T5 , T7 and T8 . All the weed control treatments produced significantly higher returns than the control.

Effect of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on weeds and yield of soybean

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota, Rajasthan during rainy (Kharif) season, 2019 to study the comparative efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides in managing weeds and improving productivity of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). The experimental field was infested with grassy weeds (48.60%), broadleaved weeds (39.49%) and sedges (11.91%). Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv and Echinochloa colona (L.) Link among grassy weeds, Boerhavia diffusa L. nom. cons., Convolvulus arvensis L., Commelina benghalensis L., Digera arvensis Forsk., Celosia argentea L. among broad-leaved weeds and Cyperus rotundus L., the sedge were major associated weeds. Maximum soybean seed yield (1800 kg/ha) and higher weed control efficiency (77.79%) were recorded with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) followed by postemergence application of sodium-acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop-propargyl 8% (premix) 165 + 80 g/ha (1550 kg/ha).

Weed management in transplanted finger millet with pre-and postemergence herbicides

Weed management in transplanted finger millet with pre-and postemergence herbicides

Performance of ready-mix herbicides for weed control in blackgram

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (rainy season), 2019 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh to find out the best chemical weed management practice for blackgram. Results revealed that pre-emergence application of diclosulam 20 g/ha supplemented with HW at 30 DAS resulted in lower density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, and it was closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g/ha supplemented with HW at 30 DAS. Heavy weed infestation of weeds in unweeded check reduced the seed yield by 58.4% compared to pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g/ ha supplemented with HW. All the pre-and post-emergence herbicides did not show inhibitory effect on succeeding fodder sorghum.

Efficacy of pre-and post-emergence ready-mix herbicides in rainfed lowland wet-seeded rice

The experiment was conducted during Kharif (rainy) season of 2019 to assess comparative efficacy of low dose high efficiency herbicides in providing season-long weed control in direct wet-seeded rainfed lowland rice at Integrated Farming System Research Station (IFSRS), Karamana, Kerala. The rice yield reduction due to unmanaged weeds in unweeded control in rainfed lowland rice was estimated to be 59.75%. Rice grain yield obtained was 159.9% higher in bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor fb HW at 40 DAS (5.46 t/ha) compared to weedy check with a B: C ratio of 1.83 and was at par with penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl fb HW at 40 DAS (5.35 t/ha) with a B:C ratio of 1.77. Application of ready mix of either bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor 60 + 600 g/ha at 3 DAS or penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl 150 g/ha at 20 DAS both fb HW at 40 DAS was observed as the most effective weed management strategy in wet-seeded lowland rainfed rice.

Efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicides on growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Doon Valley of Uttarakhand

A field experiment was directed during Rabi season 2018-2019 at experimental farm of Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun (Uttarakhand) using pre-and post-emergence herbicides combined with Hand Weeding for successfully controlling of weeds, their result on yield and production economics on Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) variety used ‘Unnat PBW-343’. The dominant weed species present in field were Phalaris minor, Cynodon dactylon (L.) amongst dicot weeds like as Chenopodium album, Coronopus didymus, Fumaria parviflor, Medicago denticulate, Malva praviflora Vicia, Sativa Rumex debtatus, Sisymbrium irio among monocot, were observed during growing period. Lowest weed dry weight was observed in hand weeding at 30 and 60 Days after sowing. Higher Weed control efficiency up to (86.31 %) was recorded by Hand weeding at 30 and 60 Days after sowing. The treatment pendimethalin fb Sulfosulfuron @ 1 + 0.018 kg a.i.ha-1 P.E at 2 DAS and PoE at 30 DAS (T6) recorded greater yield attributes and seed and Stover yield (2540 kg/ha and 2668 kg/ha) and maximum net monetary return (Rs 36250) and Benefit: Cost ratio and 1.86.

Weed management in dry direct-seeded rice: Assessing the impacts on weeds and crop

Weeds are the major biotic stress limiting productivity, profitability and sustainability of direct-seeded rice (DSR). Effective weed control determines the success of DSR. Therefore, a field study was undertaken to assess the impacts of potential pre-and post-emergence herbicides in sequence and integrated use of herbicides with other methods on weeds and DSR. Eleven weed control treatments comprising of six combinations of pre-and postemergence herbicides, two brown manuring, one herbicide with manual weeding, and two control (weed-free check and unweeded control) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that grassy weeds were most dominant, constituting 66.0- 91.8% of total weed dry weight across the treatments. Unit increase in weed density (per m2) and weed dry weight (g/m2) could reduce rice grain yield by 14.5 and 11 kg/ha, respectively. All weed control treatments impacted weed interference, crop growth and yield significantly. Sequential applications of pendimethalin (1.0 kg/ha) as pre-emergence and ready-mixture of penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl (130 g/ha) at 25 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced weed dry weight by 87.6% at harvest, and was superior to other treatments. This treatment increased rice grain yield (3.92 t/ha) by 378.9% over unweeded control, gross benefit: cost (2.30) by 31.4% over weed-free check, and gave highest overall impact index (1.27) with an economic threshold level of 9.0 weeds/m2, and found to be the best weed control option in DSR. Likewise, brown manuring followed by application of metsulfuron-methyl 10% + chlorimuron-ethyl 10% (20 g/ha Almix) at 40 DAS led to 80.3% reduction in weed dry weight, causing significant improvements in crop growth and grain yield (3.67 t/ha) with 30.3% higher gross benefit: cost over weed-free check, and could become a profitable alternative weed control option in DSR.

Efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides in maize

A field investigation was carried out at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during three consecutive Kharif seasons (2016–2018) to study the relative efficacy of herbicides on weed control in maize. Results revealed that, among the herbicidal treatments, atrazine 0.5 kg/ha fb tembotrione 0.120 kg/ha PoE at 20 DAS produced less weed count and weed dry matter than rest of the herbicides. Among the herbicidal treatments, maximum growth and yield attributes were recorded with treatment of atrazine 0.5 kg/ha fb tembotrione 0.120 kg/ha which was at par with atrazine 0.5 kg/ha fb 2,4-D sodium salt 0.5 kg/ha. Yield reduction varied from 12.49% to 54.17% in the herbicide applied plots as compared to weed free treatment. Atrazine 0.5 kg/ha fb tembotrione 0.120 kg/ha PoE 20 DAS (4.33 t/ha) and atrazine 1.0 kg/ha PE (3.89 t/ha) proved as effective as weed free treatment (4.91 t/ha) and recorded significantly higher grain yield with net monitory returns of 47832/ha and B:C ratio of 3.22.

Pre-and post-emergence herbicides effect on weed dynamics, microbial population and yield of summer blackgram

Pre-and post-emergence herbicides effect on weed dynamics, microbial population and yield of summer blackgram

Bio-efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed control and yield of rainfed lowland rice

Bio-efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed control and yield of rainfed lowland rice

Selectivity of pre-and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars

The combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides may affect their selectivity to soybean plants, especially to short-cycle cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of pre- and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted, one in Mandaguaçu, Paraná (E1) and other in Rio Verde, Goiás (E2), Brazil, using a 4×7 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four pre-emergence herbicide managements (S-metolachlor at 1440 g ha-1, diclosulam at 25.2 g ha-1, sulfentrazone at 300 g ha-1, and no herbicide application); and seven post-emergence herbicide managements (lactofen at 120 g ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, bentazon at 720 g ha-1, lactofen at 120 g ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, glyphosate at 900 g a. e. ha-1, two sequential glyphosate applications at 720 g a. e. ha-1 each, and no herbicide application). The early-maturing soybean cultivars evaluated showed sensitivity to the herbicides used. The combined use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increased the occurrence of injuries in the plants. Diclosulam and sulfentrazone were the least selective pre-emergence herbicides. All herbicide combinations used affected soybean grain yield in E1; lactofen, chlorimuron, and bentazon presented the least selectivity in E2.